RESUMO
AIMS: 1: Describe the epidemiology and determine risk factors for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis. 2: Elaborate the clinical spectrum of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM), pattern of neuroaxis involvement and it's radiological correlates. METHODS: Observational study. Consecutive, confirmed cases of mucormycosis (N = 55) were included. A case of mucormycosis was defined as one who had clinical and radiological features consistent with mucormycosis along with demonstration of the fungus in tissue via KOH mount/culture/histopathological examination (HPE). Data pertaining to epidemiology, risk factors, clinico-radiological features were analysed using percentage of total cases. RESULTS: Middle aged, diabetic males with recent COVID-19 infection were most affected. New onset upper jaw toothache was a striking observation in several cases. Among neurological manifestations headache, proptosis, vision loss, extraocular movement restriction; cavernous sinus, meningeal and parenchymal involvement were common. Stroke in ROCM followed a definitive pattern with watershed infarction. CONCLUSIONS: New onset upper jaw toothache and loosening of teeth should prompt an immediate search for mucormycosis in backdrop of diabetic patients with recent COVID-19 disease, aiding earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation. Neuroaxis involvement was characterized by a multitude of features pertaining to involvement of optic nerve, extraocular muscles, meninges, brain parenchyma and internal carotid artery.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Mucormicose/epidemiologia , Mucormicose/etiologia , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Infecções Fúngicas do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Infecções Fúngicas do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/microbiologia , Órbita/microbiologia , Doenças Orbitárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Orbitárias/microbiologia , Prevalência , Rinite/epidemiologia , Rinite/etiologia , Rinite/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: An interprofessional and cross-cultural pedagogical project in community health for students in nursing, social work, anthropology and medicine at the end of the bachelor's degree begun in 2014. After a rural context fieldwork in several Santal villages of West Bengal (India), students had to conduct a research project, based on a community-health topic. AIMS: This paper describes how such a pedagogical project, introducing students to ethnographic research, can initiate new ways of thinking for possible future health interventions in rural communities. METHODS: An inductive approach based on ethnography was used during the fieldwork, including observations, interviews, focus groups and local documentation. RESULTS: Our observations led to the finding that actions in rural health cannot be initiated without: promoting an interprofessional/interdisciplinary perspective and a culture of complexity and reflectivity; considering local populations in transition and not in a fixed homogenous situation; understanding more than imposing; taking into account local disease classification and local pragmatic solutions; considering the dialogue between bio-medicine and therapeutic pluralism; considering local perceptions and practices; considering care itineraries/pathways; and finally being conscious of our apostolic function. CONCLUSION: Our interprofessional pedagogical project promotes a bottom-up approach in dialogue with a global health vision.