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Empathy is vital in ensuring the quality of the patient-clinician relationship. Empathy in the health care setting is the ability to understand a patient's experiences and feelings and communicate this understanding for better clinical outcomes in dental treatments. The study aimed to compare levels of empathy in post-graduate dental students across the different years of the master's degree course. Questionnaire forms distributed among post graduate students and awareness, knowledge, attitude, and empathy levels towards their patients were assessed. Responses of all the post-graduate students of all specialties in a dental institute were subjected to statistical analysis to know and compare their empathy towards the patients during their clinical practice and research throughout their three-year master's degree. The mean empathy score was 52.01 (maximum of 100), with a standard deviation of 6.69. The empathy scores decreased slightly from the first to the third year of the master's degree. The participant's age, marital status, place of residence, and specialties of dental post-graduation showed much significant difference in empathy levels. The study found slight significant gender differences in empathy among the participants. The empathy scores declined gradually very slightly as they were promoted to the next level in the course. The increase in empathy levels found in this study is more significant than those reported in similar studies due to the inclusion of educational and orientation programs at the time of admission into post-graduate studies.
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AIM: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using chitosan impregnated solution at various time intervals. SETTING AND DESIGN: Evaluative invivo study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary impressions made for 20 dentulous volunteers using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using distilled water as control and using 1% chitosan impregnated solution as test group using stock metal trays with one-week interval. Bacterial samples were collected using dry sterile cotton swab in the mid-palatal region at the time intervals of 0, 10, 20 minutes. Bacterial swabs were inoculated on nutrient agar media and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Bacterial colonies were counted with the aid of colony counter. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The resultant data was subjected to statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t test. RESULTS: Adding water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material resulted in superior antimicrobial activity. With the passage of time there was a significant decrease in the microbial colony count upto 10min (p=0.016). However, the rate of decrease of microbial colony count was statistically insignificant between the samples collected at 10 and 20 min. CONCLUSION: Incorporation of water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material showed significant antimicrobial activity in 10 minutes.
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Informed consent in research, clinical trial, and practice is a process in which a patient/participant consents to participate or undergo the proposed procedures after being informed of its procedures, risks, and benefits. Ideally, the patient/participant is expected to give his consent only after fully comprehending the information about the procedures, benefits, and risks involved in research/clinical trial/practice. Thus, many ethical issues are entwined in the process of obtaining a proper informed consent. Certain untoward events in the past led to propose guidelines to prevent exploitations and unhealthy practices in the field of life science. Eventually, the practice of obtaining informed consent was emphasized to make sure that a participant's rights were not in jeopardy. Yet, there are flaws in the practical application of obtaining consent due to lack of understanding, barriers in communication, culture, custom, and various other factors. The present article highlights the need for a complete and comprehensive format of recording informed consent without compromising the rights of an individual and the standards of research or practice on ethical and moral grounds. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bhupathi PA, Ravi GR. Comprehensive Format of Informed Consent in Research and Practice: A Tool to uphold the Ethical and Moral Standards. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):73-81.
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We have performed longitudinal ultrasound (9.5 MHz) attenuation measurements in the B phase of superfluid 3He in 98% porosity aerogel down to the zero temperature limit for a wide range of pressures at zero magnetic field. The absolute attenuation was determined by direct transmission of sound pulses. Compared to the bulk fluid, our results revealed a drastically different behavior in attenuation, which is consistent with theoretical accounts with gapless excitations and a collision drag effect.
