Relationship between sleep problems and headaches among adolescents: Pelotas 2004 Birth cohort.

Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional association between sleep problems (the exposure) and headaches (the outcome) among 15-year-olds from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort, a population-based study in the south of Brazil. Method: The occurrence of headaches was obtained through the question: "Do you usually suffer headaches?" and the ICHD-3 criteria were used to classify as: tension-type headache, headache with characteristics of migraine with or without aura, or other. Regarding sleep, the weekly frequency in the last month of insomnia and bad dreams/nightmares, and self-reported sleep quality were investigated. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 1916 adolescents were analyzed. The prevalence of headaches was 51.6% (69.0% in females and 34.8% in males): 31.8% (39.7% vs. 24.1%) reported tension-type headache; 14.7% (21.9% vs. 7.8%), headaches with characteristics of migraines without aura; 3.6%, headaches with characteristics of migraines with aura; and 1.5% (5.1% vs. 2.3%), other types. Adolescents with insomnia ≥3 times/week presented higher probability of headaches (PR = 1.54; 95%CI 1.23-1.93), compared with those with no problems falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Among those who classified their sleep as poor/very poor, the probability of headaches was 33% higher (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.13-1.57) than among those who classified their sleep as very good. Conclusions: Headaches were highly prevalent among the adolescents and were related to sleep problems even after allowing for several confounders.

Linear growth and relative weight gain in childhood and bone mass in adolescence: findings from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 birth cohort.

With the objective to investigate the relationship of weight and height growth with bone mass at 11 years, we found that boys who grew in weight and height, especially at 48 months, and girls, who grew in weight at 24 months and height at 11 years, gained more bone mass. PURPOSE: To investigate independent relationships of linear growth and relative weight gain during defined periods of infancy, childhood, and early adolescence with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of three sites at 11 years. METHODS: Data on weight and length/height were obtained at birth, 3, 12, and 24 months, and the ages of 4, 6, and 11. The outcome was whole body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine aBMD (g/cm2) measured at 11 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The effects of weight gain and linear growth were analyzed using conditional relative weight and conditional length/height. Associations between conditional growth and outcomes were analyzed using linear regression, adjusted for multiple confounders. RESULTS: Individuals with data available for exposures and bone outcomes were 2875 and comprised the sample. For boys, the greatest magnitude of increase for whole body and height gain was at 48 months (ß 0.014, 95% CI 0.010; 0.018). For girls, higher aBMD was observed for those with greater height gain at 11 years, representing for lumbar spine an increase of 0.056 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.050; 0.062). For body weight, among boys, the greatest magnitude in the whole body was also associated with weight gain at 48 months (ß 0.014, 95% CI 0.010; 0.018). For girls, the highest coefficient was at 24 months, representing for lumbar spine an increase of 0.028 g/cm2, (95% CI 0.021; 0.035). CONCLUSION: Positive associations were demonstrated between length/height and weight gain and aBMD in both sexes, with emphasis on girls' aBMD in response to the linear growth achieved mainly at 11 years.

Physical intimate partner violence and dietary patterns in pregnancy: a Brazilian cohort.

Little is known about the repercussions of intimate partner violence (IPV) on nutritional outcomes in pregnancy, especially regarding diet. The aim was to investigate whether the occurrence of physical IPV at any time during pregnancy is associated with gestational dietary patterns. 161 adult pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Overall and severe physical IPV were measured to evaluate IPV at any time during pregnancy. Three gestational dietary patterns ("Healthy", "Common-Brazilian", and "Processed") were established by principal component analysis. The effect of physical IPV was tested in relation to the score of adherence to each of the dietary patterns. The occurrence of overall and severe physical IPV at any time during pregnancy was 20.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Women living in intimate relationships in which overall and severe physical IPV occurred had an average increase of 0.604 units (95%CI 0.149-1.058) and 1.347 units (95%CI 0.670-2.024), respectively, in the Processed dietary pattern adherence score. No association with "Healthy" and "Common-Brazilian" dietary patterns was observed. Physical IPV was associated with greater adherence to a dietary pattern of lower nutritional quality.

Physical intimate partner violence and dietary patterns in pregnancy: a Brazilian cohort / Violência física por parceiro íntimo e padrão de alimentação na gestação: uma coorte brasileira

Abstract Little is known about the repercussions of intimate partner violence (IPV) on nutritional outcomes in pregnancy, especially regarding diet. The aim was to investigate whether the occurrence of physical IPV at any time during pregnancy is associated with gestational dietary patterns. 161 adult pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Overall and severe physical IPV were measured to evaluate IPV at any time during pregnancy. Three gestational dietary patterns ("Healthy", "Common-Brazilian", and "Processed") were established by principal component analysis. The effect of physical IPV was tested in relation to the score of adherence to each of the dietary patterns. The occurrence of overall and severe physical IPV at any time during pregnancy was 20.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Women living in intimate relationships in which overall and severe physical IPV occurred had an average increase of 0.604 units (95%CI 0.149-1.058) and 1.347 units (95%CI 0.670-2.024), respectively, in the Processed dietary pattern adherence score. No association with "Healthy" and "Common-Brazilian" dietary patterns was observed. Physical IPV was associated with greater adherence to a dietary pattern of lower nutritional quality.

Resumo Pouco se sabe sobre as repercussões da violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) nos desfechos nutricionais da gravidez, principalmente no que diz respeito à dieta. O objetivo foi investigar se a ocorrência de VPI física na gestação está associada aos padrões alimentares gestacionais. 161 gestantes adultas participaram de um estudo prospectivo no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A VPI física geral e grave foi medida para avaliar a VPI a qualquer momento durante a gravidez. Três padrões alimentares gestacionais ("Saudável", "Brasileiro Comum" e "Processado") foram estabelecidos pela análise de componentes principais. O efeito da VPI física foi testado em relação ao escore de adesão a cada um dos padrões alimentares. A ocorrência de VPI física geral e grave em qualquer momento da gestação foi de 20,4% e 6,8%, respectivamente. Mulheres que viviam em relacionamentos íntimos em que ocorreu VPI física geral e grave tiveram um aumento médio de 0,604 unidades (IC95% 0,149-1,058) e 1,347 unidades (IC95% 0,670-2,024), respectivamente, no escore de adesão ao padrão alimentar processado. Não foi observada associação com os padrões alimentares "Saudável" e "Brasileiro Comum". A VPI física foi associada à maior adesão a um padrão alimentar de menor qualidade nutricional na gestação.

Intergenerational breastfeeding practices among parents and children: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

The objective of this study was to investigate intergenerational breastfeeding practices according to parental sex and age at delivery in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. This is a prospective birth cohort study, and at the 22-year follow-up, a substudy with all children of the cohort members who had become parents was conducted (93Cohort-II). First generation breastfeeding data were collected at 3 months and 4-year-old follow-ups. In the 93Cohort-II, parents answered a questionnaire about their children's breastfeeding practices. Adjusted Tobit and Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to estimate the association between predominant parental breastfeeding duration and exclusive breastfeeding duration of the children at 3 and 6 months. Out of 3,810 cohort participants, 955 (25%) had delivered at least one live-born infant, and 1,222 children were assessed. Fifty-four percent of parents were ≤19 years old. Direct effects of predominant parental breastfeeding duration on exclusive breastfeeding duration of their children were only observed when data were stratified by parental age: children born to parents aged ≥20 years old and who were predominantly breastfed for at least 3 months presented higher exclusive breastfeeding duration and higher prevalence of being exclusively breastfed for at least 3 months. When analyses were stratified by mothers and fathers, the result remained significant only among mothers. Longer predominant breastfeeding duration in the first generation was associated with longer exclusive breastfeeding duration in the second generation, but only among older mothers. Education and social support surrounding breastfeeding should be intensified among fathers and younger parents to create a positive environment supportive of breastfeeding.

Vegetarianism among first-year students at a public university in Southern Brazil, 2018. / Vegetarianismo entre ingressantes de uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil, 2018.

Objective To identify vegetarianism prevalence and associated factors among students at a public university in Southern Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2017-2018 with first-year university students. A questionnaire was administered to assess diet type (omnivorous or vegetarian). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Of 2,706 eligible individuals, 1,841 formed part of the sample. The predominant type of diet was omnivorous (93.6%), followed by lacto-ovo vegetarian (5.4%), strict vegetarian (0.7%), ovo vegetarian (0.2%) and lacto vegetarian (0.1%). Females (OR=0.58 - 95%CI 0.38;0.89), students reporting harmful use of alcohol (OR=2.02 - 95%CI 1.34;3.04) and students enrolled in Linguistics, Modern Languages and Arts courses - compared to those enrolled in Applied Social Sciences and Humanities courses (OR=2.59 - 95%CI 1.42;4.71) - were more likely to be vegetarians. Conclusion Vegetarian diet was associated with the female sex, alcohol use, and taking linguistics, modern language and arts courses.

Vegetarianism among first-year students from a public university in southern Brazil, 2018 / Vegetarianismo entre estudiantes de primer año en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil, 2018 / Vegetarianismo entre ingressantes de uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil, 2018

Objective: To identify the prevalence of vegetarianism and associated factors among students at a public university in southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between 2017-2018, including all first-year students from the university. Questionnaire was applied to assess the type of diet (omnivorous or vegetarian). Logistic regression was used to verify associated factors (demographic, socioeconomic, course, health-related behaviors and nutritional status). Results: Of 2,706 eligible individuals, 1,841 were part of the sample. The predominant type of diet was omnivorous (93.6%), followed by ovolactovegetarian (5.4%), strict vegetarian (0.7%), ovovegetarian (0.2%) and lactovegetarian (0.1%). Women (RO=0.58 ­ 95%CI 0.38;0.89), enrolled in Linguistics, Letters and Arts (RO=2.59 ­ 95%CI 1.42;4.71) and those in harmful use of alcohol (RO=2.02 ­ 95%CI 1.34;3.04) were more likely to be vegetarians than men, enrolled in social sciences and without harmful use, respectively. Conclusion: The vegetarian diet was associated with sex, course area and alcohol use.

Objetivo. Analisar a prevalência de vegetarianismo e fatores associados em estudantes de uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil. Métodos. Estudo transversal realizado em 2017-2018, incluindo ingressantes universitários. Questionário foi aplicado para avaliar o tipo de dieta (onívora ou vegetariana). Regressão logística foi utilizada para estimar razões de odds (RO) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados. De 2.706 indivíduos elegíveis, 1.841 fizeram parte da amostra. O tipo de dieta predominante foi a onívora (93,6%), seguida por ovolactovegetariana (5,4%), vegetariana estrita (0,7%), ovovegetariana (0,2%) e lactovegetariana (0,1%). Mulheres (RO=0,58 ­ IC95%0,38;0,89), ingressantes que referiram uso prejudicial de álcool (RO=2,02 ­ IC95%1,34;3,04) e matriculados na área de Linguística, Letras e Artes ­ comparados aos matriculados em Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Humanas (RO=2,59 ­ IC95%1,42;4,71) ­ tiveram maior chance de serem vegetarianos. Conclusão. A dieta vegetariana associou-se ao sexo feminino, uso de álcool e ingresso em cursos de linguística, letras e artes. 

[Dietary patterns of elderly Brazilians and associated determinants: a population-based study in the south of Brazil]. / Padrões alimentares de idosos e seus determinantes: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil.

This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote healthier eating practices, with special attention to elderly males, smokers, alcohol-dependent and overweight individuals.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, de doenças crônicas e do recebimento de orientações em saúde no padrão alimentar de idosos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e "fast food"). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso.

Illicit drug use among students of a university in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To describe drug consumption and the co-occurrence use of more than one illegal drug as well as associated factors in freshmen at a public university in Southern Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study with census of students entering undergraduate courses in 2017. A total of 1,788 university students answered questions about illicit drug use. For analysis, ordinal logistic regression was used. RESULTS Marijuana was the most consumed drug (lifetime: 42.1%; 30-day use: 22.7%), followed by hallucinogens (lifetime: 13.1%, 30-day use: 2.8%). Rates for lifetime use of 0, 1 and 2 or more drugs were 56.2%, 23.3% and 20.4%, respectively, and were associated with men (OR = 2.2; 95%CI:1.4-3.5), being at least 23 years old (OR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.4-5.1), under 18 years old first experimentation with drugs (OR = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.3-3.9) and living with friends (OR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2-3.4). Rates for 30-day use of 0, 1 and 2 or more drugs were 76.8%; 18.1% and 5.1%, respectively, and were associated with being single, separated or widowed (OR = 3.2; 95%CI: 1.4-7.0), lower socioeconomic classes (OR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-1.1; p = 0.001), under 18 years old first experimentation with drugs (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1-2.9) and living with friends (OR = 1.8 95%CI: 1.2-2.8). CONCLUSION Results indicate that students are at greater risk of illicit drug-related health problems. Thus, a better understanding of this consumption should be pursued, as well as the development of a prevention plan.

Qualidade da dieta da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital filantrópico de Pelotas (RS) / Diet quality of a nursing staff of a philanthropic hospital in Pelotas/RS

Resumo Introdução Hábitos alimentares de um indivíduo impactam diretamente sobre suas condições de saúde, estado nutricional, além de influenciar suas atividades diárias, incluindo trabalho e estudos. Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade da dieta de profissionais de enfermagem. Método Variáveis comportamentais e de alimentação foram coletadas por meio de um questionário baseado em Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel). O índice de qualidade da dieta foi desenvolvido com base na alimentação relatada pelos profissionais, atribuindo pontos a cada alimento/prática conforme frequência de consumo/realização. Associações entre desfecho e exposições foram avaliadas por meio de Teste T e ANOVA. Resultados Entre 272 indivíduos, observou-se consumo elevado de legumes, verduras e frutas e reduzido de frango e leite e que os participantes não apresentavam o hábito de trocar o almoço por lanche. Também se verificou elevado consumo de refrigerantes, sucos artificiais e doces. A média da qualidade da dieta foi 16,8 do total de 30 pontos e maiores pontuações associaram-se a indivíduos mais velhos, que referiram praticar atividade física e não consumiam bebidas alcoólicas, auxiliares de enfermagem e que não possuíam outra atividade profissional. Conclusão A baixa qualidade da dieta dos profissionais evidenciou necessidade de esclarecimento sobre hábitos saudáveis.

Abstract Background An individual's eating habits directly impact on their health conditions, nutritional status, in addition to influencing their daily activities, including work and studies. Objective To evaluate the diet quality of a nursing professionals. Method Behavioral and feeding variables were collected through a questionnaire based on the VIGITEL - Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases. The Diet Quality Index was developed from the diet reported by professionals, assigning points to each food/practice according to frequency of consumption/achievement. Associations between outcome and exposures were evaluated through T Test and ANOVA. Results Among the 272 subjects, high consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruits was observed, and consumption reduced of chicken and milk, and that the participants did not present the habit of exchange the lunch for snack. There was also a high consumption of soft drinks, artificial juices and sweets. The mean of the diet was 16.8 out of a total of 30 points and higher scores were associated with older individuals, who reported practicing physical activity and who did not consume alcoholic beverages, nursing assistants and those who did not have any other professional activity. Conclusion The poor quality of the diet of the professionals evidenced the need for clarification about healthy habits.

Growth from birth to adolescence and bone mineral density in young adults: The 1993 Pelotas birth cohort.

BACKGROUND: The study examined the association of body size (weight and length) at birth and gain in height and weight during childhood and adolescence with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood for women and men. METHODS: 756 members (335 men and 421 women) of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth cohort were studied. Data on weight and length/height were obtained at birth and subsequent follow-ups at 1, 4, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years of age and specific z scores were calculated by sex. The outcome was whole body aBMD (g/cm²) measured at 22 years of age using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The effects of exposures, weight and length/height gain, were analyzed using conditional relative weight (CWh) and conditional length/height (CH). Linear regression models were adjusted for multiple confounders, including mother's educational level, family income, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, breastfeeding and skin color. RESULTS: In the adjusted models, among men greater height gain at 4, 11, and 18 years of age was associated with higher whole body aBMD, and the result with greatest magnitude was at 11 years of age (ß 0.018 g/cm²; 95%CI 0.006; 0.030). Among women, aBMD was associated with height gain at all assessments from 1-15 years, with greatest effect size at 4 years of age (ß 0.017 g/cm²; 95%CI 0.007; 0.027). Regarding to body weight, among men, greater weight at 4 and 15 years were associated with higher aBMD, with the highest coefficients for 15 years of age (ß 0.015 g/cm²; 95%CI 0.003; 0.027); for women, except at birth, all weight gain variables were associated with aBMD and the highest coefficients were observed at 4 years (ß 0.025 g/cm²; 95%CI 0.015; 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: In this birth cohort, height and weight gain, especially from 4 to 15 years have important positive implications for aBMD to early adulthood.

Padrões alimentares de idosos e seus determinantes: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil / Dietary patterns of elderly Brazilians and associated determinants: a population-based study in the south of Brazil

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, de doenças crônicas e do recebimento de orientações em saúde no padrão alimentar de idosos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e "fast food"). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso.

Abstract This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote healthier eating practices, with special attention to elderly males, smokers, alcohol-dependent and overweight individuals.

Vegetarianismo entre ingressantes de uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil, 2018 / Vegetarianismo entre estudiantes de primer año en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil, 2018 / Vegetarianism among first-year students at a public university in Southern Brazil, 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de vegetarianismo e fatores associados em estudantes de uma universidade pública no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2017-2018, incluindo ingressantes universitários. Questionário foi aplicado para avaliar o tipo de dieta (onívora ou vegetariana). Regressão logística foi utilizada para estimar razões de odds (RO) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: De 2.706 indivíduos elegíveis, 1.841 fizeram parte da amostra. O tipo de dieta predominante foi a onívora (93,6%), seguida por ovolactovegetariana (5,4%), vegetariana estrita (0,7%), ovovegetariana (0,2%) e lactovegetariana (0,1%). Mulheres (RO=0,58 - IC95% 0,38;0,89), ingressantes que referiram uso prejudicial de álcool (RO=2,02 - IC95% 1,34;3,04) e matriculados na área de Linguística, Letras e Artes - comparados aos matriculados em Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Humanas (RO=2,59 - IC95% 1,42;4,71) - tiveram maior chance de serem vegetarianos. Conclusão: A dieta vegetariana associou-se ao sexo feminino, uso de álcool e ingresso em cursos de linguística, letras e artes.

Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia del vegetarianismo y factores asociados entre estudiantes de una universidad pública en el sur del Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado entre 2017-2018, incluyendo a estudiantes de primer año de una universidad pública. Se aplicó el cuestionario para evaluar el tipo de dieta (omnívora o vegetariana). Se utilizó la regresión logística para verificar factores asociados (demográficos, socioeconómicos, curso, comportamientos relacionados con la salud y estado nutricional) e intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: De 2,706 individuos elegibles, 1,841 hicieron parte de la muestra. El tipo de dieta predominante fue omnívora (93.6%), seguida de ovolactovegetariana (5.4%), vegetariana estricta (0.7%), ovo vegetariana (0.2%) y lactovegetariana (0.1%). Mujeres (RO=0,58 - IC95% 0,38;0,89), estudiantes que relataron uso perjudicial de alcohol (RO=2.02 - IC95% 1.34;3.04) e inscritos en Lingüística, Letras y Artes fueron más propensos a ser vegetarianos comparados con los inscritos en Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas y Humanas (RO=2,59 - IC95% 1,42;4,71). Conclusión: la dieta vegetariana se asoció al sexo femenino, consumo de alcohol y al ingreso a cursos de Lingüística, Letras y Artes.

Objective: To identify vegetarianism prevalence and associated factors among students at a public university in Southern Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2017-2018 with first-year university students. A questionnaire was administered to assess diet type (omnivorous or vegetarian). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Of 2,706 eligible individuals, 1,841 formed part of the sample. The predominant type of diet was omnivorous (93.6%), followed by lacto-ovo vegetarian (5.4%), strict vegetarian (0.7%), ovo vegetarian (0.2%) and lacto vegetarian (0.1%). Females (OR=0.58 - 95%CI 0.38;0.89), students reporting harmful use of alcohol (OR=2.02 - 95%CI 1.34;3.04) and students enrolled in Linguistics, Modern Languages and Arts courses - compared to those enrolled in Applied Social Sciences and Humanities courses (OR=2.59 - 95%CI 1.42;4.71) - were more likely to be vegetarians. Conclusion: Vegetarian diet was associated with the female sex, alcohol use, and taking linguistics, modern language and arts courses.

Socioeconomic status throughout life and body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This article aimed to systematically review the association between socioeconomic status according to the life course models and the body mass index (BMI) in adults. A review was performed following the guidelines of the PRISMA. The studies were identified in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The eligible articles investigated the association between at least one life course model (risk accumulation, critical period or social mobility) and BMI. In order to assess the quality of the selected articles, the NOS checklist was applied to each study. Eleven articles were selected for the systematic review, and seven articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The average score and the median in the NOS checklist were 6.4, within a maximum possible score of 8 points. The most used model was social mobility. Regarding meta-analysis, there was association between lower life course socioeconomic status and BMI among women. BMI mean difference (MD) was higher among those who remained with low socioeconomic status throughout life when compared with those who maintained a high socioeconomic status (MD: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.48; 2.86). Before that, the BMI MD was higher among those with upward mobility, compared with those who maintained a high socioeconomic status throughout life (MD: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.73; 1.68). The risk of overweight was also higher among women who maintained low socioeconomic status (summary RR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.05; 2.74); however, according to the GRADE, the studies presented very low quality evidence. For men, no association was observed. Having low socioeconomic status sometime during life is associated with higher BMI in adulthood.

Milk consumption, dietary calcium intake and nutrient patterns from adolescence to early adulthood and its effect on bone mass: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of milk consumption, dietary calcium intake and nutrient patterns (bone-friendly and unfriendly patterns) from late adolescence to early adulthood, on bone at 22 years of age. Cross-sectional analysis was performed with 3,109 participants from 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort in the follow-ups of 18 and 22 years of age. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, right femur and whole body were assessed at 22 years using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The exposure variables (dietary calcium, milk and nutrient patterns) were created by combining the consumption frequencies between the two follow-ups (always low, moderate, high, increase or decrease). Multiple linear regressions were performed, stratified by sex. In the right femur site, men classified into the "always high" (mean = 1.148g/cm²; 95%CI: 1.116; 1.181) and "increased" categories of milk consumption (mean = 1.154g/cm²; 95%CI: 1.135; 1.174) presented a slightly low BMD comparing with low (mean = 1.190g/cm²; 95%CI: 1.165; 1.215) and moderate (mean = 1.191g/cm²; 95%CI: 1.171; 1.210) categories. In addition, men always classified in the highest tertile of the "bone-unfriendly" pattern presented the lowest mean of whole body BMD (mean = 1.25g/cm²; 95%CI: 1.243; 1.266). No associations were observed between the categories of dietary calcium intake and "bone-friendly" pattern and each of the three BMD outcomes. These results point to the fact that diets composed of inhibiting foods/nutrients can contribute negatively to bone health.

Associations between body mass index, body composition and bone density in young adults: findings from a southern Brazilian cohort.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the association of body composition components and obesity with bone density. METHODS: Prospective study with data on 2968 members of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort from follow-ups at 18 and 22 years of age. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm2) was evaluated for whole body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck at 22 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Simple and multiple linear regression, stratified by sex, were used to assess the effect of BMI, fat mass (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI), evaluated at 18 and 22 years, and obesity trajectories classified by FMI and categorized as "never", "only at 18 years", "only at 22 years" or "always" on aBMD. RESULTS: Among men, the largest coefficients were observed for BMI, followed by lean mass and fat mass. Compared to fat mass, lean mass presented the largest coefficients for all sites, with the strongest associations observed for the femoral neck (ß: 0.035 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.031; 0.039 for both follow-ups), while the largest effect for FMI was observed for whole-body aBMD at 18 years (ß: 0.019 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.014; 0.024). Among women, the strongest associations were observed for LMI. The largest coefficients for LMI and FMI were observed for femoral neck at age 18, presented ß: 0.030 g/cm2, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.034 for LMI and ß: 0.012 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.009; 0.015) for FMI. Men who were "always obese" according to FMI had smallest aBMD for spine (ß: -0.014; 95%CI: - 0.029; - 0.001). Women who were obese "only at 18 years" had smallest aBMD for the whole-body (ß: -0.013; 95%CI: - 0.023; - 0.002), whereas those who were obese "only at 22 years" had larger whole-body and femoral neck aBMD (ß: 0.013; 95%CI: 0.009; 0.017 and ß: 0.027; 95%CI: 0.016; 0.038, respectively) and those "always obese" for whole-body aBMD (ß: 0.005; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.011) compared to the reference category. CONCLUSIONS: The indexes were positively associated with aBMD in this sample. Fat mass had smaller positive influence on these outcomes than lean mass, suggesting the most important body composition component for bone density is the lean mass.

Noncommunicable diseases among nursing professionals at a charitable hospital in Southern Brazil. / Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital filantrópico no Sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), long term (current) drug therapy, blood pressure levels and capillary glycemia among a nursing team at a charitable hospital in Pelotas/RS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The questions were adapted from the Vigitel system questionnaire (Telephone Surveillance of Chronic Disease Risk and Protection Factors). All participants had their blood pressure and blood glucose measured. RESULTS: Of the 272 staff assessed, 29.4% reported having NCDs, 48.9% were on long term (current) drug therapy and 73.9% reported a family history of NCDs. Among those interviewed, 20.6% reported using antihypertensive drugs, of these 27.7% had high blood pressure levels, and 2.6% reported using antihypoglycemic agents, 42.9% of whom had high blood glucose. CONCLUSION: Among those professionals who stated they had high blood pressure and diabetes, those who were on medication had higher blood pressure and glucose levels than those who were not on medication.

Socioeconomic status throughout life and body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Nível socioeconômico ao longo da vida e índice de massa corporal: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Nivel socioeconómico a lo largo de la vida e índice de masa corporal: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Abstract: This article aimed to systematically review the association between socioeconomic status according to the life course models and the body mass index (BMI) in adults. A review was performed following the guidelines of the PRISMA. The studies were identified in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The eligible articles investigated the association between at least one life course model (risk accumulation, critical period or social mobility) and BMI. In order to assess the quality of the selected articles, the NOS checklist was applied to each study. Eleven articles were selected for the systematic review, and seven articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The average score and the median in the NOS checklist were 6.4, within a maximum possible score of 8 points. The most used model was social mobility. Regarding meta-analysis, there was association between lower life course socioeconomic status and BMI among women. BMI mean difference (MD) was higher among those who remained with low socioeconomic status throughout life when compared with those who maintained a high socioeconomic status (MD: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.48; 2.86). Before that, the BMI MD was higher among those with upward mobility, compared with those who maintained a high socioeconomic status throughout life (MD: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.73; 1.68). The risk of overweight was also higher among women who maintained low socioeconomic status (summary RR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.05; 2.74); however, according to the GRADE, the studies presented very low quality evidence. For men, no association was observed. Having low socioeconomic status sometime during life is associated with higher BMI in adulthood.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da associação entre nível socioeconômico de acordo com os modelos de curso de vida e índice de massa corporal (IMC) em adultos. Foi realizada uma revisão com base nas diretrizes PRISMA. Os estudos foram identificados nas bases de dados MELINE/PubMed, LILACS e Web of Science. Os artigos elegíveis investigaram a associação entre pelo menos um modelo de curso de vida (acúmulo de riscos, período crítico ou mobilidade social) e IMC. Para avaliar a qualidade dos artigos selecionados, a lista de critérios NOS foi aplicada a cada estudo. Foram selecionados 11 artigos para a revisão sistemática e sete artigos para a metanálise. A pontuação média e a mediana na lista NOS foram 6,4, dentro de uma pontuação possível de 8. O modelo mais utilizado foi o da mobilidade social. Na metanálise, entre mulheres, houve associação entre nível socioeconômico ao longo da vida e IMC. A diferença média (DM) no IMC foi maior entre indivíduos que permaneceram com nível socioeconômico baixo ao longo da vida, comparado aos que mantiveram nível socioeconômico alto (DM: 2,17; IC95%: 1,48; 2,86). Antes disso, a DM no IMC foi maior entre indivíduos com mobilidade ascendente, comparado àqueles que mantiveram nível socioeconômico alto ao longo da vida (DM: 1,20; IC95%: 0,73; 1,68). O risco de sobrepeso também foi maior entre mulheres que mantiveram nível socioeconômico baixo (RR sumário: 1,70; IC95%: 1,05; 2,74); porém, de acordo com os critérios GRADE, os estudos apresentaram evidências de qualidade muito baixa. Não foi observada associação em homens. O nível socioeconômico baixo em algum momento da vida está associado ao IMC mais alto na vida adulta.

Resumen: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la asociación entre nivel socioeconómico, de acuerdo con los modelos de curso de vida, y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adultos. Se realizó una revisión en base a las directrices PRISMA. Los estudios se identificaron en las bases de datos MELINE/PubMed, LILACS y Web of Science. Los artículos elegibles investigaron la asociación entre por lo menos un modelo de curso de vida (acumulación de riesgos, período crítico o movilidad social) e IMC. Para evaluar la calidad de los artículos seleccionados se aplicó la lista de criterios NOS en cada estudio. Se seleccionaron 11 artículos para la revisión sistemática y siete artículos para el metaanálisis. La puntuación media y la mediana en la lista NOS fueron 6,4, dentro de una puntuación posible de 8. El modelo más utilizado fue el de la movilidad social. En el metaanálisis entre mujeres hubo asociación entre nivel socioeconómico a lo largo de la vida e IMC. La diferencia media (DM) en el IMC fue mayor entre individuos que permanecieron con un nivel socioeconómico bajo a lo largo de la vida, comparado a los que mantuvieron un nivel socioeconómico alto (DM: 2,17; IC95%: 1,48; 2,86). Antes de esto, la DM en el IMC fue mayor entre individuos con movilidad ascendente, comparado con aquellos que mantuvieron un nivel socioeconómico alto a lo largo de la vida (DM: 1,20; IC95%: 0,73; 1,68). El riesgo de sobrepeso también fue mayor entre mujeres que mantuvieron un nivel socioeconómico bajo (RR sumario: 1,70; IC95%: 1,05; 2,74); no obstante, de acuerdo con los criterios GRADE, los estudios presentaron evidencias de calidad muy baja. No se observó asociación en hombres. El nivel socioeconómico bajo en algún momento de la vida está asociado al IMC más alto en la vida adulta.

Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital filantrópico no Sul do Brasil / Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en profesionales de enfermería de un hospital filantrópico en el sur de Brasil / Noncommunicable diseases among nursing professionals at a charitable hospital in Southern Brazil

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), uso de medicamentos, valores tensionais e glicemia capilar de uma equipe de enfermagem de um hospital filantrópico de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal; as perguntas foram adaptadas do questionário do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel); todos tiveram pressão arterial e glicemia aferidos. Resultados: do total de 272 funcionários avaliados, 29,4% afirmaram ter DCNT, 48,9% faziam uso de medicamento contínuo e 73,9% referiram antecedentes familiares para DCNT; dos entrevistados, 20,6% usavam anti-hipertensivos, e destes, 27,7% apresentaram níveis tensionais elevados e 2,6% referiram usar hipoglicemiantes; destes últimos, 42,9% apresentaram níveis glicêmicos elevados. Conclusão: dos profissionais autodeclarados hipertensos e diabéticos, aqueles em uso de medicações apresentaram valores tensionais e glicemia mais elevados do que os que não faziam tratamento medicamentoso.

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), uso de medicamentos y valores de tensión y glucemia capilar de un equipo de enfermería de un hospital filantrópico de Pelotas/RS. Métodos: Estudio transversal; las preguntas fueron adaptadas del cuestionario Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (Vigitel). Todos tuvieron la presión arterial y la glucemia medidas. Resultados: Del total de 272 funcionarios evaluados, un 29,4% reportó tener ECNT, un 48,9% hacía uso de medicamento continuado y 73,9% refería antecedentes familiares para ECNT. Entre los entrevistados, 20,6% refirió usar antihipertensivos, de estos 27,7% presentaron niveles de tensión elevados, y un 2,6% refirieron usar hipoglucemiantes, de los cuales 42,9% presentó niveles glucémicos elevados. Conclusión: Los profesionales que se autodeclararon hipertensos y diabéticos y estaban en uso de medicamentos presentaron valores de tensión y glucemia más elevados que aquellos que no hacían tratamiento medicamentoso.

Objective: to describe the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), long term (current) drug therapy, blood pressure levels and capillary glycemia among a nursing team at a charitable hospital in Pelotas/RS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The questions were adapted from the Vigitel system questionnaire (Telephone Surveillance of Chronic Disease Risk and Protection Factors). All participants had their blood pressure and blood glucose measured. Results: Of the 272 staff assessed, 29.4% reported having NCDs, 48.9% were on long term (current) drug therapy and 73.9% reported a family history of NCDs. Among those interviewed, 20.6% reported using antihypertensive drugs, of these 27.7% had high blood pressure levels, and 2.6% reported using antihypoglycemic agents, 42.9% of whom had high blood glucose. Conclusion: Among those professionals who stated they had high blood pressure and diabetes, those who were on medication had higher blood pressure and glucose levels than those who were not on medication.