RESUMO
We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775-940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan. This urban settlement was located on the intersection of the northern Silk Road route which linked the cities of Khorezm in the south to the trading settlements in the Volga region to the north and was known in the tenth century CE as the capital of the nomad Oghuz. The presence of this domestic cat, presented here as an osteobiography using a combination of zooarchaeological, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of human-animal relationships within a previously pastoral region. This illustrates the broader social, cultural, and economic changes occurring within the context of rapid urbanisation during the early medieval period along the Silk Road.
Assuntos
Gatos/genética , Animais de Estimação/história , Ração Animal , Criação de Animais Domésticos/história , Animais , Arqueologia/métodos , Osso e Ossos/fisiologia , Isótopos de Carbono , Cidades , Análise por Conglomerados , Ecologia , Variação Genética , Geografia , História Antiga , Cazaquistão , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , FilogeniaRESUMO
The comparative study of adhesive, hemolytic, DNA-ase, lecithinase, antilysozymic, anticomplementary activities of mono- and associated cultures of 57 Enterobacter spp., 61 Citrobacter spp. and 55 Serratia spp. strains, isolated from patients with pyoinflammatory, intestinal and urological diseases is carried out. Different variations of cocultivated bacteria including Enterobacter and Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia, Citrobacter and Serratia are used. It was shown, that cocultivated Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Serratia bacteria increased the persistent properties of mixt cultures.
