Annular pancreas in neonate patients Vomiting and weight loss in a 13-day newborn / Pâncreas Anular no período neonatal Vômitos e perda de peso em neonato com 13 dias de vida

Objective: Reinforce that, despite being a rare condition, the annular pancreas must be considered a differential diagnosis for intestinal obstructions in the newborn period. Case description: This case report refers to a 13-days newborn admitted to the emergency room presenting with postprandial vomiting and progressive weight loss since maternity discharge. The patient did not respond to initial interventions that included IV antibiotics and nasogastric tube insertion. A contrast study of the upper digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) found a luminal narrowing on the second duodenal portion. The patient was submitted to an exploratory laparotomy which found a pancreatic-tissue ring involving the second part of the duodenum. Despite rare, we reinforce that the annular pancreas must be considered a differential diagnosis for intestinal obstructions in the newborn period. Comments: Annular pancreas is a rare congenital defect in which a ring of pancreatic tissue encircles the duodenum, causing different degrees of intestinal obstruction. (AU)

Objetivo: Evidenciar que, apesar de condição rara, o pâncreas anular deve se firmar como diagnóstico dife-rencial das obstruções intestinais no período neonatal. Descrição do caso: Este relato aborda o caso de uma paciente de 13 dias de vida admitida no pronto atendimento com queixa de volumosos vômitos pós-prandiais e perda de peso progressiva desde a alta da maternidade. Apesar das medidas iniciais, com ressuscitação volêmica, antibioticoterapia e passagem de sonda nasogástrica para descompressão, a paciente evolui sem melhora. Exame contrastado de esôfago-estômago-duodeno detectou estreitamento luminal da segunda porção duodenal. Paciente submetida à laparotomia exploradora, que evidenciou anel de tecido pancreático estreitando o trânsito intestinal na região. Comentários: O pâncreas anular é uma anomalia congênita rara na qual um anel de tecido pancreático envolve a porção descendente do duodeno, causando graus variados de obstrução intestinal extrínseca. (AU)

Arm mobilization provokes deformity of long-term indwelling ports implanted via the jugular vein.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of totally implantable catheter fracture ranges from 0.48% to 5.00%, and these fractures represent a potentially fatal complication. The fracture mechanism of catheters implanted via the jugular vein is unclear, and whether extreme arm movements represent an additional risk factor for repetitive stress of the material remains unknown. The aim of this study was to demonstrate and classify catheter deformations caused by extreme arm mobilization and associations with changes in catheter function and displacement. METHODS: We analyzed the fluoroscopy images of 60 consecutive patients undergoing long-term indwelling port implantation via the jugular vein. Three images were taken: arm in maximal abduction, maximal frontal elevation, and maximal adduction. The images were compared with an image of the remainder of the arm. We analyzed three catheter regions to classify the deformity: A, connection between catheter and reservoir; B, the catheter's subcutaneous tunnel; and C, the catheter's entrance in the jugular vein. The deformations were classified in comparative manner as follows: 0 (no changes), 1 (minor changes, new slightly curvatures with an angle of >90°), and 2 (major changes, new severe curvatures with angles of ≤90°). In each position, catheter function (injection and aspiration) and displacement of the reservoir and tip were analyzed. RESULTS: Only 15% of patients did not show a deformity; 33.3% had a deformity in only one position, 47.7% in two positions, and 10% in three positions. Minor deformities were observed in 70% of patients and major deformities in 40%. Moreover, 25% of patients presented both major and minor deformities. Major deformities were observed in 25.0% of patients on maximal frontal elevation, in 23.3% on maximal adduction and in none on maximal abduction. Region B was the most affected, with 57.8% of all minor deformities and 78.1% of all major deformities. No change in function was noted in 91.7% of the catheters. Maximal arm adduction resulted in greater vertical and horizontal displacement of the catheter tip and horizontal displacement of the reservoir. Higher body mass index values were associated with major deformities. CONCLUSIONS: Maximal frontal elevation and maximal adduction were associated with major catheter deformities, and the subcutaneous tunnel region was the most deformed catheter region. An association between major catheter deformity and high body mass index was noted; in contrast, no association between the severity of catheter deformity, tip or reservoir displacement, or worsened functioning was observed.