Unraveling the energy storage mechanism in graphene-based nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors by gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Graphene has been extensively utilized as an electrode material for nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors. However, a comprehensive understanding of the charging mechanism and ion arrangement at the graphene/electrolyte interface remain elusive. Herein, a gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopic strategy is designed to characterize the dynamic interfacial process of graphene with an adjustable number of layers, which is based on synergistic enhancement of localized surface plasmons from shell-isolated nanoparticles and a metal substrate. By employing such a strategy combined with complementary characterization techniques, we study the potential-dependent configuration of adsorbed ions and capacitance curves for graphene based on the number of layers. As the number of layers increases, the properties of graphene transform from a metalloid nature to graphite-like behavior. The charging mechanism shifts from co-ion desorption in single-layer graphene to ion exchange domination in few-layer graphene. The increase in area specific capacitance from 64 to 145 µF cm-2 is attributed to the influence on ion packing, thereby impacting the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the potential-dependent coordination structure of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide in tetraglyme ([Li(G4)][FSI]) at graphene/electrolyte interface is revealed. This work adds to the understanding of graphene interfaces with distinct properties, offering insights for optimization of electrochemical capacitors.

Exogenous Glycinebetaine Regulates the Contrasting Responses in Leaf Physiochemical Attributes and Growth of Maize under Drought and Flooding Stresses.

Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but there is limited research on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stresses. This study aims to identify the different roles of GB in regulating the diverse defense regulation of maize against drought and flooding. Hybrids of Yindieyu 9 and Heyu 397 grown in pots in a ventilated greenhouse were subjected to flooding (2-3 cm standing layer) and drought (40-45% field capacity) at the three-leaf stage for 8 d. The effects of different concentrations of foliar GB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) on the physiochemical attributes and growth of maize were tested. Greater drought than flooding tolerance in both varieties to combat oxidative stress was associated with higher antioxidant activities and proline content. While flooding decreased superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activities and proline content compared to normal water, they all declined with stress duration, leading to a larger reactive oxygen species compared to drought. It was POD under drought stress and ascorbate peroxidase under flooding stress that played crucial roles in tolerating water stress. Foliar GB further enhanced antioxidant ability and contributed more effects to POD to eliminate more hydrogen peroxide than the superoxide anion, promoting growth, especially for leaves under water stress. Furthermore, exogenous GB made a greater increment in Heyu 397 than Yindieyu 9, as well as flooding compared to drought. Overall, a GB concentration of 5.0 mM, with a non-toxic effect on well-watered maize, was determined to be optimal for the effective mitigation of water-stress damage to the physiochemical characteristics and growth of maize.

Prediction of miRNAs and diseases association based on sparse autoencoder and MLP.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNA molecules which have multiple important regulatory roles within cells. With the deepening research on miRNAs, more and more researches show that the abnormal expression of miRNAs is closely related to various diseases. The relationship between miRNAs and diseases is crucial for discovering the pathogenesis of diseases and exploring new treatment methods. Methods: Therefore, we propose a new sparse autoencoder and MLP method (SPALP) to predict the association between miRNAs and diseases. In this study, we adopt advanced deep learning technologies, including sparse autoencoder and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), to improve the accuracy of predicting miRNA-disease associations. Firstly, the SPALP model uses a sparse autoencoder to perform feature learning and extract the initial features of miRNAs and diseases separately, obtaining the latent features of miRNAs and diseases. Then, the latent features combine miRNAs functional similarity data with diseases semantic similarity data to construct comprehensive miRNAs-diseases datasets. Subsequently, the MLP model can predict the unknown association among miRNAs and diseases. Result: To verify the performance of our model, we set up several comparative experiments. The experimental results show that, compared with traditional methods and other deep learning prediction methods, our method has significantly improved the accuracy of predicting miRNAs-disease associations, with 94.61% accuracy and 0.9859 AUC value. Finally, we conducted case study of SPALP model. We predicted the top 30 miRNAs that might be related to Lupus Erythematosus, Ecute Myeloid Leukemia, Cardiovascular, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus five elderly diseases and validated that 27, 29, 29, 30, and 30 of the top 30 are indeed associated. Discussion: The SPALP approach introduced in this study is adept at forecasting the links between miRNAs and diseases, addressing the complexities of analyzing extensive bioinformatics datasets and enriching the comprehension contribution to disease progression of miRNAs.

Hypoxia-accelerating pyroptosis nanoinducers for promoting image-guided cancer immunotherapy.

Precise image-guided cancer immunotherapy holds immense potential in revolutionizing cancer treatment. The strategies facilitating activatable imaging and controlled therapeutics are highly desired yet to be developed. Herein, we report a new pyroptosis nanoinducer that integrates aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with hypoxia-responsive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for advanced image-guided cancer immunotherapy. We first synthesize and compare three donor-acceptor type AIEgens featuring varying numbers of electron-withdrawing units, and find that the incorporation of two acceptors yields the longest response wavelength and most effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) property, surpassing the performance of analogs with one or three acceptor groups. A COF-based nanoplatform containing AIEgen and pyroptosis drug is successfully constructed via the one-pot method. The intra-COF energy transfer significantly quenches AIEgen, in which both fluorescence and PDT properties greatly enhance upon hypoxia-triggered COF degradation. Moreover, the photodynamic process exacerbates hypoxia, accelerating pyroptosis drug release. The nanoagent enables sensitive delineation of tumor site through in situ activatable fluorescence signature. Thanks to the exceptional ROS production capabilities and hypoxia-accelerating drug release, the nanoagent not only inhibits primary tumor growth but also impedes the progression of distant tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice through potent pyroptosis-mediated immune response. This research introduces a novel strategy for achieving activatable phototheranostics and self-accelerating drug release for synergetic cancer immunotherapy.

In Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy: From Interfaces to Interphases.

The electrochemical interface formed between an electrode and an electrolyte significantly affects the rate and mechanism of the electrode reaction through its structure and properties, which vary across the interface. The scope of the interface has been expanded, along with the development of energy electrochemistry, where a solid-electrolyte interphase may form on the electrode and the active materials change properties near the surface region. Developing a comprehensive understanding of electrochemical interfaces and interphases necessitates three-dimensional spatial resolution characterization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers advantages of imaging and long-range force measurements. Here we assess the capabilities of AFM by comparing the force curves of different regimes and various imaging modes for in situ characterizing of electrochemical interfaces and interphases. Selected examples of progress on work related to the structures and processes of electrode surfaces, electrical double layers, and lithium battery systems are subsequently illustrated. Finally, this review provides perspectives on the future development of electrochemical AFM.

Shared and distinct prefrontal cortex alterations of implicit emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: An fNIRS investigation.

BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation deficits, particularly in cognitive reappraisal, are crucial in depression and anxiety. However, research on the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation is lacking, and it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are shared or distinct between the two disorders. METHODS: We investigated the neural mechanisms of implicit cognitive reappraisal in 28 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), 25 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 30 healthy controls (HC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants completed an implicit cognitive reappraisal task and underwent neuropsychological and clinical assessments. RESULTS: We found that MDD patients reported higher levels of rumination and lower utilization of cognitive reappraisal, while GAD patients reported reduced use of perspective-taking. Notably, both MDD and GAD patients exhibited decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) compared to HC participants during implicit cognitive reappraisal. Specifically, inadequate OFC activation was observed in MDD patients, while GAD patients demonstrated OFC deactivation during the task. Furthermore, DLPFC activation showed a negative correlation with depression severity in MDD patients, while OFC activation was positively correlated with perspective-taking in GAD patients. LIMITATIONS: fNIRS has limited depth and spatial resolution. CONCLUSION: Our fNIRS study is the first to reveal shared and distinct neurobiological profiles of depression and anxiety in implicit emotion regulation. These findings underscore the significance of reduced DLPFC/OFC activation in emotion regulation impairment and highlight unique OFC activation patterns in these disorders. These insights have potential implications for developing cognitive-behavioral therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment approaches.

Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder: An event-related potential study on affect labeling.

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder (PD) involves emotion dysregulation, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom maintenance. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological indicators. AIM: To study the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD with event-related potentials (ERP). METHODS: A total of 25 PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical eva-luations. The study utilized a case-control design with random sampling, selecting participants for the case group from March to December 2018. Participants performed an affect labeling task, using affect labeling as the experimental condition and gender labeling as the control condition. ERP and behavioral data were recorded to compare the late positive potential (LPP) within and between the groups. RESULTS: Both PD and HC groups showed longer reaction times and decreased accuracy under the affect labeling. In the HC group, late LPP amplitudes exhibited a dynamic pattern of initial increase followed by decrease. Importantly, a significant group × condition interaction effect was observed. Simple effect analysis revealed a reduction in the differences of late LPP amplitudes between the affect labeling and gender labeling conditions in the PD group compared to the HC group. Furthermore, among PD patients under the affect labeling, the late LPP was negatively correlated with disease severity, symptom frequency, and intensity. CONCLUSION: PD patients demonstrate abnormalities in implicit emotion regulation, hampering their ability to mobilize cognitive resources for downregulating negative emotions. The late LPP amplitude in response to affect labeling may serve as a potentially valuable clinical indicator of PD severity.

Hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for precise disease theranostics.

Specific biomarker-activatable probes have revolutionized theranostics, being beneficial for precision medicine. Hypoxia is a critical pathological characteristic prevalent in numerous major diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory diseases, and acute ischemia. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as a promising tool to tackle the biomedical issues. Of particular significance are the hypoxia-responsive AIEgens, representing a kind of crucial probe capable of delicately sensing and responding to the hypoxic microenvironment, thereby enhancing the precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for varied biomedical applications. The hypoxia-responsive structures based on AIEgens, such as azobenzene, nitrobenzene, and N-oxide are presented, which are in response to the reduction property to bring about significant alternations in response spectra and/or fluorescence intensity. The bioapplications including imaging and therapy of tumor and ischemia diseases are discussed. Moreover, the review sheds light on the future challenges and prospects in this field. This review aims to provide comprehensive guidance and understanding into the development of activatable bioprobes, especially the hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for improving the diagnosis and therapy outcome of related diseases.

Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tuning the Molecular Polarity of Diluents in Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes.

Electrolyte plays a crucial role in ensuring stable operation of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have the potential to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and mitigate Li dendrite growth, making them a highly promising electrolyte option. However, the principles governing the selection of diluents, a crucial component in LHCE, have not been clearly determined, hampering the advancement of such a type of electrolyte systems. Herein, the diluents from the perspective of molecular polarity are rationally designed and developed. A moderately fluorinated solvent, 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane (TNE), is employed as a diluent to create a novel LHCE. The unique molecular structure of TNE enhances the intrinsic dipole moment, thereby altering solvent interactions and the coordination environment of Li-ions in LHCE. The achieved solvation structure not only enhances the bulk properties of LHCE, but also facilitates the formation of more stable anion-derived SEIs featured with a higher proportion of inorganic species. Consequently, the corresponding full cells of both Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 cells utilizing Li thin-film anodes exhibit extended long-term stability with significantly improved average Coulombic efficiency. This work offers new insights into the functions of diluents in LHCEs and provides direction for further optimizing the LHCEs for LMBs.

Resting-state cortico-limbic functional connectivity pattern in panic disorder: Relationships with emotion regulation strategy use and symptom severity.

Cognitive reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy involving prefrontal cortex (PFC) control of the amygdala. Its aberrant functioning is closely associated with panic disorder (PD). However, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the PFC, implicated in cognitive reappraisal, and the amygdala in PD has not been studied. Thus, this study aims to investigate the rsFC patterns and their association with cognitive reappraisal and PD. This study involved 51 participants, including 26 untreated patients with PD and 25 healthy controls (HC). We evaluated the habit of cognitive reappraisal assessment and the severity of PD using neuropsychological and clinical measures. Resting-state fMRI was utilized to evaluate the rsFC pattern between the PFC, engaged in cognitive reappraisal, and the amygdala. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of this rsFC in the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and PD severity. PD patients showed reduced rsFC between the PFC and the amygdala compared to HC. This weakened rsFC was associated with the severity of PD symptoms. Moreover, cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with PD severity, and mediation analysis indicated that the rsFC of the PFC-amygdala played a mediating role in this association. Abnormal PFC-amygdala rsFC may play a pivotal role in PD development and/or manifestation and mediate the association between cognitive reappraisal and PD severity, potentially serving as a clinical indicator for monitoring and intervention.

The Initial Experience of Laparoscopic Management for Type VI Choledochal Cyst in Children.

Purposes: Dilatation of cystic duct is very rare and had been classified as Todani type VI choledochal cyst. Choledochal cyst combined with dilatation of cystic duct is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The purpose of this study is to report the rare variants and discuss the significance and laparoscopic management strategy in children. Methods: The subjects for this study were 10 consecutive patients with type VI choledochal cyst who had laparoscopic procedures at our institute between January 2009 and January 2023. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, excision of the dilated cystic duct, and choledochal cyst were carried out, and the continuity of the biliary duct was re-established through a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Results: Cystic duct combined with the common bile duct dilatation was revealed in all the patients intraoperatively. Laparoscopic procedures were completed with no conversions. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The mean follow-up duration was 27 ± 12.7 months (range 5-36 months) with no postoperative complications encountered. Conclusions: The rare entity of type VI choledochal cyst should be recognized as a distinct type of choledochal cyst and need to be given enough attention clinically. The laparoscopic procedure is a feasible option for experienced surgeons.

Resistance of the Ginseng Gray Mold Pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, to Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin Fungicides in China.

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea severely threatens the yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng). Various categories of fungicides have been utilized to control gray mold on this crop. In this study, the resistance of 102 isolates of B. cinerea from 11 commercial ginseng-growing regions in China to fungicides was examined. A total of 32.4% were resistant to boscalid, with EC50 values that ranged from 12.26 to 235.87 µg/ml, and 94.1% were resistant to pyraclostrobin, with EC50 values that ranged from 5.88 to 487.72 µg/ml. Except for sdhA and sdhD, the amino acid substitutions of P225F, P225L, N230I, H272Y, and H272R in the sdhB subunit from 24 (4 sensitive [S] and 20 resistant [R]), 5 (1 S and 4 R), 1 (S), 1 (R), and 8 (4 S and 4 R) strains, respectively, and the concurrent amino acid substitutions of G85A + I93V + M158V + V168I in the sdhC subunit from 5 (4 S and 1 R) strains were identified. A G143A substitution in cytochrome b was identified in 96 isolates that were resistant to pyraclostrobin and three that were sensitive to it. The Bcbi-143/144 intron was identified in the other three isolates sensitive to pyraclostrobin, but it was absent in the isolates that harbored the G143A mutation. The results showed that the populations of B. cinerea on ginseng have developed strong resistance to pyraclostrobin. Therefore, it is not recommended to continue using this fungicide to control gray mold on P. ginseng. Boscalid is still effective against most isolates. However, to prevent fungicide resistance, it is recommended to use a mixture of boscalid with other categories of fungicides.

Type I Photosensitizer Targeting Glycans: Overcoming Biofilm Resistance by Inhibiting the Two-Component System, Quorum Sensing, and Multidrug Efflux.

Stubborn biofilm infections pose serious threats to human health due to the persistence, recurrence, and dramatically magnified antibiotic resistance. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising approach to combat biofilm. Nevertheless, how to inhibit the bacterial signal transduction system and the efflux pump to conquer biofilm recurrence and resistance remains a challenging and unaddressed issue. Herein, a boric acid-functionalized lipophilic cationic type I photosensitizer, ACR-DMP, is developed, which efficiently generates •OH to overcome the hypoxic microenvironment and photodynamically eradicates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and biofilms. Furthermore, it not only alters membrane potential homeostasis and osmotic pressure balance due to its strong binding ability with plasma membrane but also inhibits quorum sensing and the two-component system, reduces virulence factors, and regulates the activity of the drug efflux pump attributed to the glycan-targeting ability, helping to prevent biofilm recurrence and conquer biofilm resistance. In vivo, ACR-DMP successfully obliterates MRSA biofilms attached to implanted medical catheters, alleviates inflammation, and promotes vascularization, thereby combating infections and accelerating wound healing. This work not only provides an efficient strategy to combat stubborn biofilm infections and bacterial multidrug resistance but also offers systematic guidance for the rational design of next-generation advanced antimicrobial materials.

Severe Aortic Valvular Incompetence From IgG4-Related Disease: An Unusual Entity.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a new clinical entity characterized by lymphoplasmacytic lesions rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells. Myocardial involvement is extremely rare and not a typical cardiovascular manifestation of IgG4-RD. We report a rare case of IgG4-RD-associated myocardial mass causing severe aortic incompetence, successfully treated with surgery and corticosteroids. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Reordering and synchronization of electrical turbulence in cardiac tissue through global and partial optogenetical illumination.

Electrical turbulence in the heart is considered the culprit of cardiac disease, including the fatal ventricular fibrillation. Optogenetics is an emerging technology that has the capability to produce action potentials of cardiomyocytes to affect the electric wave propagation in cardiac tissue, thereby possessing the potential to control the turbulence, by shining a rotating spiral pattern onto the tissue. In this paper, we present a method to reorder and synchronize electrical turbulence through optogenetics. A generic two-variable reaction-diffusion model and a simplified three-variable ionic cardiac model are used. We discuss cases involving either global or partial illumination.

Unraveling the Mechanism of Very Initial Dendritic Growth Under Lithium Ion Transport Control in Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium metal deposition is strongly affected by the intrinsic properties of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and working electrolyte, but a relevant understanding is far from complete. Here, by employing multiple electrochemical techniques and the design of SEI and electrolyte, we elucidate the electrochemistry of Li deposition under mass transport control. It is discovered that SEIs with a lower Li ion transference number and/or conductivity induce a distinctive current transition even under moderate potentiostatic polarization, which is associated with the control regime transition of Li ion transport from the SEI to the electrolyte. Furthermore, our findings help reveal the creation of a space-charge layer at the electrode/SEI interface due to the involvement of the diffusion process of Li ions through the SEI, which promotes the formation of dendrite embryos that develop and eventually trigger SEI breakage and the control regime transition of Li ion transport. Our insight into the very initial dendritic growth mechanism offers a bridge toward design and control for superior SEIs.

SERS Tracking Oxidative Stress on a Metalloporphyrin Framework by Vitamin C.

Accurate control of charge transfer is crucial to investigate the catalytic reaction mechanism of the biological oxidation process that biomedicine participates in. Herein, we have established an assembly model of metalloporphyrin framework (MPF) nanosheets as the active centers of biological enzymes. The introduction of Vitamin C (VC) into the MPF system can precisely modulate its content of charges. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity and peroxidase-like catalytic performance are enhanced simultaneously for the first time by manipulating the optimal molar ratio of an MPF to VC and the reaction sequence with target model molecules. We have confirmed that the formation of the intermediate of Fe(2+)-OOH species is specifically enhanced after VC modulation, which indicates that VC can regulate the oxidative stress of the active center of biological enzymes. This discovery not only accurately resolves the mechanism of VC-selective anticancer therapy but also has important significance for the precise treatment of VC synergistic targeting medicines.

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-HER2 Targeted Therapy for Metastatic HR-Positive and HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Despite the development of HER2-targeted drugs, achieving favorable outcomes for patients with HR+/HER2+MBC remains challenging. This study utilized Bayesian Network Meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of anti-HER2 combination regimens. The primary analysis focused on progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary analyses included objective response rate, overall survival (OS) and the incidence rate of grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs). A comprehensive search across seven databases identified 25 randomized controlled trials for inclusion in this meta-analysis. For patients eligible for endocrinotherapy, our findings revealed that dual-target combined endocrine therapy, such as Her2-mAb+Her2-mAb+Endo (HR = 0.38; 95%CrI: 0.16-0.88) and Her2-mAb+Her2-tki+Endo (HR = 0.45; 95%CrI: 0.23-0.89), significantly improved PFS compared to endocrine therapy alone. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs), Her2-mAb+Her2-mAb+Endo and Her2-mAb+Her2-tki+Endo ranked highest in terms of PFS and OS, respectively. For patients unsuitable for endocrine therapy, anti-HER2 dual-target combined chemotherapy, such as Her2-mAb+Her2-mAb+Chem (HR = 0.76; 95%CrI: 0.6-0.96) and Her2-mAb+Her2-tki+Chem (HR = 0.48; 95%CrI: 0.29-0.81), demonstrated significant improvements in PFS compared to Her2-mAb+Chem. The results were the same when compared with Her2-tki+Chem. According to the SUCRAs, Her2-mAb+Her2-tki+Chem and Her2-mAb+Her2-mAb+Chem ranked highest for PFS and OS, respectively. Subgroup analyses consistently supported these overall findings, indicating that dual-target therapy was the optimal approach irrespective of treatment line.

Use of Immunohistochemical p53 Mutant-Phenotype in Diagnosis of High-Grade Dysplasia of Esophageal Squamous Epithelia.

BACKGROUND: Mild cellular atypia of esophageal squamous epithelial dysplasia has a risk of progressing to cancer that poses great confusion for pathological diagnosis. There is no research on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of esophageal squamous dysplasia by the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) p53. The study aims to conduct a graded diagnosis of esophageal squamous epithelial hyperplasia by combining p53 expressions and microscopic histomorphological characteristics. METHODS: The study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022 and included a total of 208 cases including 262 specimens with atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia of squamous epithelia discovered by esophageal mucosal biopsy. HE staining was used to grade the epithelial hyperplasia degree, and all cases underwent p53 IHC evaluation. RESULTS: Benign lesions: we did not find any p53 IHC mutant-phenotype (0/12 cases) in 12 cases of esophagitis. We found 10 cases (10/80 cases) of p53 IHC mutant-phenotype in 80 cases of low-grade dysplasia, and 158 cases (158/170 cases) of p53 IHC mutant-phenotype of high-grade lesions in 170 cases of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer based on the χ2 test results. We found statistically significant differences in p53 IHC mutant-phenotype between the high-grade squamous epithelial lesions and benign lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of p53 in detecting high-grade squamous epithelial lesions were 92.9% and 89.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 94.0%, and the negative predictive value was 87.2%. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that p53 IHC had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting high-grade esophageal squamous epithelial lesions. Therefore, it has potential to be used as a routine item in pathological detection for auxiliary risk stratification of esophageal squamous epithelial lesions.