An Efficient Surface Map Creation and Tracking Using Smartphone Sensors and Crowdsourcing.

Like Smart Home and Smart Devices, Smart Navigation has become necessary to travel through the congestion of the structure of either building or in the wild. The advancement in smartphone technology and incorporation of many different precise sensors have made the smartphone a unique choice for developing practical navigation applications. Many have taken the initiative to address this by developing mobile-based solutions. Here, a cloud-based intelligent traveler assistant is proposed that exploits user-generated position and elevation data collected from ubiquitous smartphone devices equipped with Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer, and GPS (Global Positioning System) sensors. The data can be collected by the pedestrians and the drivers, and are then automatically put into topological information. The platform and associated innovative application allow travelers to create a map of a route or an infrastructure with ease and to share the information for others to follow. The cloud-based solution that does not cost travelers anything allows them to create, access, and follow any maps online and offline. The proposed solution consumes little battery power and can be used with lowly configured resources. The ability to create unknown, unreached, or unrecognized rural/urban road maps, building structures, and the wild map with the help of volunteer traveler-generated data and to share these data with the greater community makes the presented solution unique and valuable. The proposed crowdsourcing method of knowing the unknown would be an excellent support for travelers.

The effects of supplemental threonine on performance, carcass characteristics, immune response and gut health of broilers in subtropics during pre-starter and starter period.

Three hundred thirty-day-old unsexed commercial broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) with initial average body weight of 44.04 ± 0.42 g were allocated into five experimental groups, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 21-day experiment. Groups were formed according to dose of supplemental L-threonine in various rations i.e., 100% NRC specification, 100% threonine of Vencobb-400 strain specification, 110% threonine of Vencobb-400 strain specification, 120% of threonine of Vencobb-400 strain specification and 130% threonine of Vencobb-400 strain specification. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily body weight gain (ADG), cumulative feed conversion ratio (CFCR), carcass characteristics, immune response, intestinal morphometry and biochemical profile were studied. The ADFI and ADG increased linearly and quadratically as dietary threonine levels were increased. However, the CFCR did not differ (p Ëƒ 0.05) among the groups. Though the carcass weight and drumstick yield did not differ (p Ëƒ 0.05) among the groups, the relative breast yield increased linearly (p = 0.007). The relative dressing yield and relative thigh weight increased linearly (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). The relative weight of immune organs like bursa and thymus increased linearly. The mean total serum immunoglobulin, ND-ELISA titre and the mean lymphocyte proliferation response index increased linearly, whereas mean phagocytic activity index of neutrophil increased linearly (p < 0.001) and quadratically (p = 0.001). The mean villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villus surface area and mean goblet cell number/villus increased linearly and quadratically, whereas the villus width (VW) and goblet cell density increased quadratically. The serum glucose increased linearly (p = 0.001), whereas serum total protein concentration and serum globulin level increased both linearly and quadratically. The albumin: globulin ratio tended to decrease linearly. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol level. However, a linear increment (p = 0.04) in the blood serum HDL cholesterol level with a linear reduction (p = 0.01) in the blood serum LDL cholesterol was noticed.