RESUMO
Continuous flow enteral fluid therapy with isotonic and hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions are as safe and effective as intravenous fluid therapy. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment between continuous flow enteral and intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult experimentally dehydrated horses. Six experimentally dehydrated adult mares were used in a study carried out in a 6 × 3 crossover design, which each animal received three different treatments (isotonic enteral fluid therapy-EsISO, hypotonic enteral fluid therapy-EsHYPO and intravenous fluid therapy with Lactate Ringer Solution-LR IV, all in continuous flow). Solutions were administered at a rate of 15 mL-1.kg-1.h-1 for 8 h, after 36 h of water and food deprivation. Serum and urinary biochemical assessment; urinary volume, pH and specific gravity; and blood gas analysis were measured at -36, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The dehydration period (DP) caused discrete hydroelectrolytic and acid base imbalances. The EsISO, EsHYPO and LR IV increased blood volume. Enteral solutions restored the imbalances yielded by the DP and all treatments increased urine volume. Also, the EsHYPO and LR IV showed no effects in acid base balance, while EsISO showed slightly acidifying effect. The present study certifies the efficacy and safety of isotonic and hypotonic continuous flow enteral fluid therapy in comparison to IV fluid therapy in dehydrated horses.
RESUMO
No período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014 foram diagnosticados 9 surtos (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H e I) de Oestrus ovis em pequenos ruminantes no estado da Bahia. No surto A obteve-se 0,5% (1/200); B 2,2% (2/90); C 0,8% (1/120); D 2% (2/100); E 1% (1/100); F 3% (1/33); G 0,6% (1/150); H 2,5% (5/200); I com 11,4% (8/70) em ovinos e 5% (2/40) em caprinos. Os sinais clínicos associados ao parasitismo pelas larvas nos surtos foram respiração ruidosa, espirro seguido de secreção nasal catarral, inquietação, movimentação excessiva da cabeça e andar em círculo. Macroscopicamente havia nos seios e conchas nasais hiperemia, edema da mucosa e presença de larvas. Todas as larvas coletadas dos cornetos e conchas nasais variavam desde o primeiro ao terceiro estágio de desenvolvimento. Algumas larvas L3 coletadas nas necropsias foram incubadas e o imago obtido das pupas mediram aproximadamente 10mm de cor acinzentada e abdômen escurecido. Realizada análise descritiva das condições climáticas, ano e positividade de casos de oestrose, demonstrou que a ocorrência tem tendência de crescimento com os anos (pË0,001) e que houve casos com menor média de temperatura mínima (pË0,001), possibilitando o desenvolvimento da mosca de O. ovis, demonstrando que houve a introdução da mosca enTtre o rebanho de ovinos e caprinos do estado da Bahia, e que as condições climáticas são ideais para perpetuação da espécie.(AU)
From January 2011 to December 2014 were diagnosed 9 outbreaks of Oestrus ovis infection in small ruminants (Outbreaks A-I) in the State of Bahia. The incidence of oestrosis in sheep in outbreak A was 0.5% (1/200), in B 2.2% (2/90), in C 0.8% (1/120), in D 2% (2/100), in E 1% (1/100), in F 3% (1/33), in G 0.6% (1/150), in H 2.5% (5/200), and in I 11.42% (8/70), and 5% (2/40) in goats. Clinical signs associated with parasitism were wheezing, sneezing followed by catarrhal nasal secretion, some restlessness, excessive head movement and walking in circles. The breasts and turbinates were hyperemic, with mucosal edema and presence of O. ovis larvae. All larvae collected from the turbinates ranged from the first to the third stage of development. Some L3 larvae collected at necropsy were incubated and the gray colored Imago with dark abdomen obtained from the pupae measured about 10mm. A descriptive analysis of the climatic conditions was carried out; in the year of investigation the incidence of O. ovis infection has grown (p<0.001), and the lowest mean minimum temperature (p<0.001) caused the development the O. ovis fly, so that there was an introduction of an increased number of these flies into the sheep and goat flocks in state of Bahia with the ideal climatic conditions for their perpetuation.(AU)