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1.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 3: 2054358116675343, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28270924

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In observational studies, higher uric acid levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine whether reduction of plasma uric acid with febuxostat, a xanthine oxido reductase inhibitor, impacts adipose tissue oxidative stress, adipokines, and markers of systemic inflammation or kidney fibrosis. DESIGN: This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Academic university setting was used. PATIENTS: Overweight or obese adults with hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetic nephropathy were included. MEASUREMENTS: Adipose tissue thiobarbituric acid reducing substances (TBARS) and adiponectin concentrations and urinary transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) were primary endpoints. Plasma C-reactive protein, high molecular weight-adiponectin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and TBARS and albuminuria were among predefined secondary endpoints. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to febuxostat (n = 40) or matching placebo (n = 40) and followed for 24 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline plasma uric acid levels were 426 ± 83 µmol/L; 95% completed the study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) declined from 54 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline to 51 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 24 weeks (P = .05). In separate mixed-effects models, compared with placebo, febuxostat reduced uric acid by 50% (P < .001) but had no significant effects on subcutaneous adipose tissue TBARS (-7.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 57.4%-101.4%) or adiponectin (6.7%, 95% CI, 26.0%-53.8%) levels or urinary TGF-ß/creatinine ratio (18.0%, 95% CI, 10.0%-54.8%) or secondary endpoints. LIMITATIONS: Relatively modest sample size and short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this population with progressive diabetic nephropathy, febuxostat effectively reduced plasma uric acid. However, no detectable effects were observed for the prespecified primary or secondary endpoints. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01350388).


MISE EN CONTEXTE: Dans les études observationnelles, des taux élevés d'acide urique sont associés à un syndrome métabolique, au diabète et à l'insuffisance rénale. OBJECTIFS DE L'ÉTUDE: Cette étude visait à déterminer si l'utilisation de febuxostat, un inhibiteur de la xanthine oxydoréductase, pour réduire le taux d'acide urique dans le plasma avait une incidence sur le stress oxydatif du tissu adipeux, les adipokines, les marqueurs de l'inflammation systémique ou sur la fibrose kystique. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Il s'agit d'un essai à double insu, randomisé et contrôlé. CADRE: L'étude s'est effectuée en contexte universitaire. PATIENTS: Les participants à cette étude étaient des adultes obèses ou en surpoids, présentant une hyperuricémie ainsi qu'une néphropathie diabétique de type 2. MESURES: Les critères principaux incluaient la concentration d'adiponectine et de substances réagissant avec l'acide thiobarbiturique (TBARS) dans les tissus adipeux, de même que le facteur de croissance transformant urinaire (TGF-ß). Les critères secondaires incluaient les protéines C-réactives du plasma, l'adiponectine de poids moléculaire élevé, l'interleukine-6, le facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha, les TBARS ainsi que l'albuminurie. MÉTHODOLOGIE: On a prescrit, de façon aléatoire, du febuxostat (n = 40) ou un placebo (n = 40) aux participants, et ces derniers ont été suivis sur une période de 24 semaines. RÉSULTATS: Les valeurs initiales d'acide urique dans le plasma se situaient à 426 ± 83 µmol/L. La grande majorité des participants (95%) a complété l'étude. Le débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé a chuté de 54 ± 17 mL/min/1,73 m2, sa valeur moyenne au début de l'étude, à 51 ± 17 mL/min/1,73 m2 au bout des 24 semaines (P = 0,05). Dans les modèles à effet fixe séparés, lorsque comparé au placebo, le fébuxostat a réduit l'acide urique de 50% (P < 0,001), mais n'a eu aucun effet significatif sur les TBARS des tissus adipeux sous-cutanés (−7,4%, I.C. à 95% entre −57,4 et 101,4%), ni sur le niveau d'adiponectine (6,7%, I.C. à 95% entre −26,0% et 53,8%) ou sur le ratio TGF-ß/créatinine (18,0%, I.C. à 95% entre −10,0% et 54,8%). Il n'a pas non plus eu d'effets significatifs sur les critères secondaires. LIMITES DE L'ÉTUDE: La taille relativement modeste de l'échantillon, de même que la courte durée du suivi constituent les limites de l'étude. CONCLUSIONS: Dans la population observée, soit des patients atteints de néphropathie diabétique progressive, l'administration de fébuxostat a réduit de façon efficace les taux plasmatiques d'acide urique. Par ailleurs, aucun effet apparent n'a été observé sur les critères primaires et secondaires préétablis. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'ESSAI: Cette étude a été enregistrée sur clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01350388).

2.
J Ren Nutr ; 25(4): 364-70, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25753603

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether more advanced kidney failure is associated with sedentary behavior and whether demographics, comorbidity, nutritional, and inflammatory markers explain this association. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Outpatients recruited from outpatient clinics and dialysis units. SUBJECTS: One hundred sixty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: Standardized questionnaires including Baecke physical activity questionnaire, standardized anthropometry examination, and blood draw. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sedentary behavior (defined as answering "very often" for "during leisure time I watch television" or answering "never" for "during leisure time I walk") and being physically active (top 25th percentile of the total Baecke score). RESULTS: Nineteen percent of CKD and 50% of MHD patients were sedentary (P < .001) and 38.8% of CKD and 11.3% of MHD patients were physically active. In separate multivariable logistic regression models, compared with CKD patients, MHD patients were more sedentary (odds ratio 3.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-12.51) and less physically active (odds ratio 0.07; 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.40) independent of demographics, comorbidity, smoking, body size, serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and albumin. Congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and higher body mass index were independently associated with sedentary behavior, whereas younger age, lower body mass index, lower serum hsCRP, and higher serum albumin were associated with being physically active. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent among diabetic CKD or MHD patients. The strong association of MHD status with sedentary behavior is not explained by demographics, smoking, comorbidity, nutritional, and inflammatory markers. Interventions targeting obesity might improve sedentary behavior and physical activity, whereas interventions targeting inflammation might improve physical activity in these populations.


Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/complicações , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Comportamento Sedentário , Idoso , Comorbidade , Complicações do Diabetes/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Inquéritos e Questionários
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