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1.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 219: 109985, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31759261

RESUMO

Efficacy of the Leptospira components of multivalent vaccine DAPPi-L was previously demonstrated against virulent challenge with three serovars of Leptospira interrogans (Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa) carried out 14 days after primary vaccination. In this study we demonstrate that this vaccine provides, two weeks after vaccination, an additional protection (prevention of mortality, clinical signs, renal infection, bacterial excretion, renal carriage and renal lesions) against fatal leptospirosis due to Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (serovar of major medical importance).


Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Proteção Cruzada , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Leptospira interrogans/classificação , Leptospirose/prevenção & controle , Sorogrupo
2.
J Strength Cond Res ; 27(4): 966-72, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22692124

RESUMO

The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is currently used for injury risk prediction, although researchers have not studied its relationships to injury risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare FMS scores at rest to changes in static balance after exercise. Second, we examined FMS scores pre and post exercise. Twenty-five participants performed center of pressure (COP) measures and FMS testing. An acclimatization session for the FMS occurred on day 1, whereas day 2 involved COP measures for static balance and FMS testing before and after a 36-minute exercise protocol. Center of pressure standard deviations in the frontal (COPML-SD) and sagittal (COPAP-SD) planes, center of pressure velocity (COP-Velocity), center of pressure area (COP-Area), and FMS scores were recorded. No significant correlations occurred between preexercise FMS scores and change in COP measures. Preexercise hurdle step scores related to preexercise COPML-SD (p = -0.46), COPAP-SD (p = -0.43), and COP-Area (p = -0.50). Preexercise in-line lunge scores related to postexercise COPAP-SD (p = -0.44) and COP-Velocity (p = -0.39), whereas preexercise active straight leg raise (ASLR) scores related to postexercise COPML-SD (p = -0.46). Functional Movement Screen scores were not related to changes in static balance after exercise and may therefore not be useful to predict who will experience greater static balance deficits after exercise. Additionally, FMS scores did not differ before and after exercise. Clinicians aiming to identify injury risk from a general static balance standpoint may find the hurdle step, in-line lunge, and ASLR useful. Clinicians aiming to identify injury risk from a change in static balance standpoint may need to explore other screening tools.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior/lesões , Masculino , Esforço Físico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Sci Med Sport ; 16(3): 259-65, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22819075

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological evidence indicates more than 70% of all injuries that occur while training for or competing in triathlon happen during running. Maintaining an aerodynamic position on a bicycle during a triathlon places triathletes in a prolonged trunk flexed position which may affect lower extremity running biomechanics following cycling and influence both injury risk and performance in these athletes. The aim of this study was to compare sagittal plane running kinematics after a 30-min cycling protocol to a baseline run without prior exercise. DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: Healthy participants with prior triathlon experience (n=28; height=1.73±0.09m; mass=63.0±7.7kg; age=24.6±5.8years) ran at a self-selected speed on a custom-built treadmill surrounded by a 12-camera motion analysis system before and after a 30-min cycling protocol (RPE 12-14). Three-dimensional kinematics were measured before, and at 2-min, 6-min, 10-min, and 14-min post-cycling. A 1×5 series of repeated measures univariate ANOVAs were used to determine changes in kinematic parameters resulting from the cycling protocol. Statistical significance was set a priori at (p<0.05). RESULTS: Peak angles for anterior pelvic tilt (p<0.001), hip flexion (p<0.001), and spine extension (p<0.001) increased and hip extension decreased (p<0.001) at all time points while running following cycling compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Cycling in an aerodynamic position for 30min induces changes in sagittal plane running kinematics of the spine, pelvis, and hip for at least 14min following cycling. Alterations in kinematics may increase the risk for lower extremity injuries and affect running performance in triathletes.


Assuntos
Ciclismo/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Adulto , Atletas , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Marcha , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
4.
Ann Appl Stat ; 6(4): 1883-1905, 2012 Dec 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24523851

RESUMO

For many neurological disorders, prediction of disease state is an important clinical aim. Neuroimaging provides detailed information about brain structure and function from which such predictions may be statistically derived. A multinomial logit model with Gaussian process priors is proposed to: (i) predict disease state based on whole-brain neuroimaging data and (ii) analyze the relative informativeness of different image modalities and brain regions. Advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are employed to perform posterior inference over the model. This paper reports a statistical assessment of multiple neuroimaging modalities applied to the discrimination of three Parkinsonian neurological disorders from one another and healthy controls, showing promising predictive performance of disease states when compared to nonprobabilistic classifiers based on multiple modalities. The statistical analysis also quantifies the relative importance of different neuroimaging measures and brain regions in discriminating between these diseases and suggests that for prediction there is little benefit in acquiring multiple neuroimaging sequences. Finally, the predictive capability of different brain regions is found to be in accordance with the regional pathology of the diseases as reported in the clinical literature.

5.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 82(8): 843-9, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21515558

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The homogeneous genotype and stereotyped phenotype of a unique familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (patients homozygous for aspartate-to-alanine mutations in codon 90 (homD90A) superoxide dismutase 1) provides an ideal model for studying genotype/phenotype interactions and pathological features compared with heterogeneous apparently sporadic ALS. The authors aimed to use diffusion tensor tractography to quantify and compare changes in the intracerebral corticospinal tracts of patients with both forms of ALS, building on previous work using whole-brain voxelwise group analysis. METHOD: 21 sporadic ALS patients, seven homD90A patients and 20 healthy controls underwent 1.5 T diffusion tensor MRI. Patients were assessed using 'upper motor neuron burden,' El Escorial and ALSFR-R scales. The intracranial corticospinal tract was assessed using diffusion tensor tractography measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and radial and axial diffusivity obtained from its entire length. RESULTS: Corticospinal tract FA was reduced in sporadic ALS patients compared with both homD90A ALS patients and controls. The diffusion measures in sporadic ALS patients were consistent with anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. In sporadic ALS, corticospinal tract FA was related to clinical measures. Despite a similar degree of clinical upper motor neuron dysfunction and disability in homD90A ALS patients compared with sporadic ALS, there were no abnormalities in corticospinal tract diffusion measures compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion tensor tractography has shown axonal degeneration within the intracerebral portion of the corticospinal tract in sporadic ALS patients, but not those with a homogeneous form of familial ALS. This suggests significant genotypic influences on the phenotype of ALS and may provide clues to slower progression of disease in homD90A patients.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Degeneração Neural/patologia , Tratos Piramidais/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico , Anisotropia , Códon , Feminino , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Degeneração Neural/genética , Superóxido Dismutase-1
6.
Eur J Neurol ; 17(9): 1193-1202, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20402762

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows the measurement of a number of brain tissue metabolites in vivo, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a putative marker of neuronal integrity. Unlike single voxel MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) enables quantification of these metabolites simultaneously from multiple anatomically localized voxels. Both single voxel MRS and MRSI allow the absolute quantification of these metabolites and, when combined with tissue segmentation, can give accurate metabolite concentrations even in the presence of partial volume effects from nearby cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: Using MRSI with cubic voxels with a nominal volume of 1.0 cm(3), we tested the hypothesis that concentrations of NAA in the basal ganglia in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) would show differences compared to Parkinson's disease (IPD). NAA values (in mM) from MRSI voxels centred to the putamen, pallidum and thalamus were obtained from 11 patients with IPD, 11 with MSA-P, six with MSA-C, 13 with PSP and 18 controls. The mean concentrations of NAA and its bulk grey and white matter values were also estimated over the whole brain slab. RESULTS: N-acetylaspartate concentrations in the pallidum, putamen and lentiform nucleus were significantly lower in patients with MSA-P and PSP compared to IPD and controls. The putaminal values were also significantly reduced in PSP compared to MSA-P. There were no significant differences between groups in the thalamus and over the whole brain slab. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the notion that MRSI can potentially quantify basal ganglia cellular pathology in MSA and PSP.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/patologia , Atrofia de Múltiplos Sistemas/patologia , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva/patologia , Idoso , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atrofia de Múltiplos Sistemas/diagnóstico , Atrofia de Múltiplos Sistemas/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva/diagnóstico , Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva/metabolismo
7.
Appl Opt ; 46(20): 4329-40, 2007 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17579688

RESUMO

The design of future single-altitude conjugated adaptive optics (AO) systems may include at least two deformable mirrors (DMs) instead of one as in the current AO system. Each DM will have to correct for a specific spatial frequency range. A method is presented to derive a DM modal basis based on the influence functions of the DM. The modal bases are derived such that they are orthogonal to a given set of modes that restrict the DM correction to a spatial frequency domain. The modal bases have been tested on the woofer-tweeter test bench at the University of Victoria. It has been shown that the rms amplitude of the woofer DM and tweeter DM stroke can be reduced by factors of 3 and 9, respectively, when making the transition from a zonal-driven closed loop to a modal-driven closed loop with the same performance in both cases.

8.
J Neurol ; 254(9): 1260-7, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17385077

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) show increased cortical activation during a motor task compared to both healthy controls and patients with muscle weakness due to peripheral lesions. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activation during a block design paradigm contrasting right hand movements against rest in sixteen patients with ALS, seventeen healthy controls and nine patients with peripheral lesions. The groups were matched for age and gender and the two patient groups were matched for their degree of upper limb weakness. Analysis used a non-parametric approach to perform a 3 way hypothesis-driven comparison between the groups. RESULTS: During the motor task, patients with ALS showed increased cortical activation bilaterally, extending from the sensorimotor cortex [Brodmann areas (BA) 1, 2, 4] posteriorly into the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and inferiorly to the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) when compared to peripheral lesion patients and controls. In addition, ALS patients showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) extending to anterior and medial frontal cortex (BA 8, 9, 10, 32). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that alterations in cortical function in ALS differ in sensorimotor and prefrontal regions. Importantly, we have shown that these changes do not reflect confounding by weakness or task difficulty, but are likely to be related to upper motor neuron pathology in ALS.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/fisiopatologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/complicações , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico , Braço/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Córtex Motor/patologia , Córtex Motor/fisiopatologia , Debilidade Muscular/etiologia , Debilidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Vias Neurais/patologia
9.
Neurology ; 67(12): 2199-205, 2006 Dec 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17190944

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To use diffusion tensor MRI to quantify and compare degeneration of the pons and cerebellar peduncles in multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Parkinson disease (PD) and to relate changes in diffusion measures to clinical features and localized atrophy. METHODS: We used a region-of-interest approach to measure changes in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the middle cerebellar peduncles, decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles, and pons in 17 patients with MSA, 17 with PSP, 12 with PD, and 12 healthy volunteers. We also evaluated atrophy of the cerebellar peduncles and pons on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images in patients with MSA and PSP. RESULTS: In MSA, fractional anisotropy was markedly reduced in the middle cerebellar peduncles, and mean diffusivity increased both here and in the pons compared with other groups, whereas in PSP, mean diffusivity was strikingly increased in the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar ataxia was related to mean diffusivity in the middle cerebellar peduncles (r = 0.71, p = 0.001) and pons (r = 0.60, p = 0.01) in MSA. Diffusion measures were related to localized atrophy in both MSA and PSP. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion tensor MRI can be used to quantify neurodegenerative processes in different brain stem and cerebellar structures in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy during life, and may have diagnostic value. Larger studies of early, undifferentiated parkinsonian syndromes are indicated to provide estimates of the relative diagnostic value of diffusion measures, atrophy measures, and visual assessment of scans.


Assuntos
Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Cerebelo/patologia , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Ponte/patologia , Idoso , Atrofia/patologia , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Síndrome
10.
Emerg Med J ; 19(2): 185; author reply 185-6, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11904286
11.
Emerg Med J ; 18(2): 99-104, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11300208

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess and improve deployment of a brief test for alcohol misuse: the Paddington Alcohol Test (PAT). Design-Prospective study of the effects of audit feedback. SETTING: An urban accident and emergency department. SUBJECTS: Senior house officers (SHO) (n = 13). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: PAT use and categorisation of patients for each SHO; observational analysis of presenting complaints according to PAT. RESULTS: 1062 of 1737 patients (61.1%) were defined as PAT possible-that is, presented with > or = one complaint listed on the PAT test proforma. In month 1, PAT uptake was poor. PAT use improved significantly when feedback was instituted (p<0.0001). The response to audit and feedback showed marked inter-SHO variation. When feedback was withdrawn (month 4), there was a significant reduction in PAT use (p=0.003). Three other indices of detection followed this trend: (a) number of PAT positive patients identified, (b) proportion of PAT possible patients identified as PAT positive, and (c) number of PAT positive patients referred to the alcoholic health worker. The 10 most common PAT positive categories, accounting for 77% of all PAT positive complaints were: fall > collapse (including "fit", "blackout") > head injury (including "facial injury") > assault (including "domestic violence" and 'other') > nonspecific gastrointestinal problem > "unwell" > psychiatric (including "depression", "overdose", "confusion") > cardiac (including "chest pain" and "palpitations") > self neglect > repeat attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing audit with feedback improves both PAT use and detection of alcohol misuse. The PAT is now simpler including only 10 conditions, which should further aid its use.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Intoxicação Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Intoxicação Alcoólica/reabilitação , Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Estudos Transversais , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Br J Nutr ; 78(4): 599-613, 1997 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9389886

RESUMO

The effects of acidogenic conditions, a high S level and the addition of thiamin on the rumen microbial metabolism of thiamin were investigated in vitro in a semi-continuous fermenter (RUSITEC), using a factorial design. Acidogenic conditions were obtained by simultaneously increasing the starch: cellulose ratio and the amount of solid substrate fed, and by decreasing the buffering capacity of the liquid phase of the fermenter. S in the form of sulfate was supplied at two levels, one corresponding to a control amount of S (2 g/kg dietary DM), the second to an excess (5 g/kg DM) which is sufficient to trigger cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) when used in vivo. Acidogenic conditions decreased the pH of the fermenters, CH4 production and cellulose digestibility, increased the short-chain fatty acid production, but had no effect on thiamin production. The high S level enhanced the production of sulfide considerably, had no effect ont he microbial metabolism of energy and N, and decreased thiamin production (326 v. 266 nmol/d). The added thiamin was rapidly converted into phosphorylated compounds which largely decreased the apparent synthesis of this vitamin by the rumen microflora. The total thiamin flow was increased by added thiamin. In no case was thiaminase activity in the fermenter liquid phase significantly modified. The high level of S induced only a limited decrease of total thiamin flow. Consequently, it is unlikely that the investigated factors could be considered to be high risk factors for the thiamin-dependent CCN.


Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ruminantes/metabolismo , Tiamina/metabolismo , Animais , Encefalopatias/etiologia , Encefalopatias/veterinária , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Modelos Biológicos , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Tiamina/administração & dosagem
13.
Arch Tierernahr ; 49(3): 193-202, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8767053

RESUMO

Polioencephalomalacia (P.E.M.) in ruminants is often associated with high concentrate diets and rumen acidosis; this syndrome is classically related to a disturbance of the rumen metabolism of thiamin. An in vitro model using a semicontinuous system (RUSITEC) was used to investigate the effect of pH on microbial metabolism and on production of thiamin in the rumen. These effects were tested using either a natural diet (hay/wheat) or a semi-synthetic one. Lowering the pH decreased total volatile fatty acids, methane and microbial nitrogen production. Molar proportions of VFA were modified by an increase in butyric, valeric and caproic acids. Microbial production of thiamin was comparable to in vivo synthesis but decreased when the diet was enriched with thiamin. The diet of the donors of inoculum had no effect on this metabolism. For all diets, lowering of pH did not reduce microbial production of thiamin. Thiaminase activity in the liquid phase of fermentors was very low and was not modified by pH. Thus lowering of pH in vitro, had no deleterious effect on microbial production of thiamin. Therefore, lowering of the rumen pH in acidotic conditions may not be a factor which promotes P.E.M.


Assuntos
Rúmen/metabolismo , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ovinos/metabolismo , Tiamina/metabolismo , Animais , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fermentação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidrolases/análise , Hidrolases/fisiologia , Metano/metabolismo , Técnicas Microbiológicas/veterinária , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Rúmen/enzimologia
14.
Reprod Nutr Dev ; 36(1): 31-42, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8881590

RESUMO

A semi-synthetic thiamine-free diet was used on weaned lambs to test the effect of a high sulfur level on the rumen, microbial activity and on the microbial production of thiamine. In vivo and in vitro kinetic studies, as well as the determination of the thiamine concentrations and thiaminase activity in the rumen, were performed during the 16 week experiment. A high sulfur level (0.6%) in the diet, in comparison with a normal sulfur level (0.2%), did not modify the microbial activity of the rumen with the exception of a slightly retarded decrease in the volatile fatty acid (VFA) rumen concentration. The rumen thiamine level and the thiaminase activity were not modified by the dietary sulfur level. In contrast, the rate of sulfate reduction into sulfide in the rumen increased progressively with the 0.6% sulfur diet. In conclusion, a high sulfur level (0.6%) in the diet of sheep did not modify the thiamine status of the rumen. It strongly increased the production of sulfides but an adaptation period of several weeks was required by the rumen microflora to reduce sulfate at a maximal rate.


Assuntos
Dieta , Rúmen/metabolismo , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ovinos , Enxofre/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/metabolismo , Animais , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Feminino , Cinética , Estado Nutricional , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Sulfetos/metabolismo , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso
15.
Reprod Nutr Dev ; 32(1): 83-90, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1575909

RESUMO

Kinetic aspects of ethanol metabolism were studied in sheep after intravenous or intraruminal infusion of ethanol. Vmax and Km in fed animals were respectively 295 +/- 10 mg.h-1.l-1 (l = litre of body water) and 32.1 +/- 2.4 mg.l-1. Elimination half-life was 1.47 +/- 0.26 h. The corresponding values in the fasted animal were not significantly different. During venous infusion an increase in plasma acetate, inversely correlated to plasma ethanol, was observed. No modification in glycemia occurred. Intraruminal infusion of ethanol increased the concentration of all SCFA in the rumen juice, the largest part of this modification being relative to acetate. Repetition of the infusion over a period of 11 consecutive days increased the number of SCFA in the rumen, indicating microflora adaptation to ethanol utilization. Taking into account the range of ethanol concentrations found in silage (10-50 g.kg-1 BW) we can consider that ethanol is readily metabolized simultaneously by the rumen microflora and the enzymatic system of the host. With a corresponding daily intake of ethanol (0.2-1 g.kg-1 BW) both systems are not saturated and plasma ethanol level always remains below 0.25 g.l-1.


Assuntos
Etanol/farmacocinética , Ovinos/metabolismo , Acetatos/sangue , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Etanol/sangue , Meia-Vida , Injeções Intravenosas , Cinética , Rúmen/metabolismo
16.
Reprod Nutr Dev ; Suppl 2: 235s-236s, 1990.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2206350

RESUMO

Ethanol metabolism in the sheep was investigated using bolus and constant infusion techniques. Mean half-life of ethanol was 155 min. Ethanol infusion induced a 2-3-fold increase in plasma acetate and propionate levels and a small delayed decrease in that of plasma glucose.


Assuntos
Etanol/sangue , Ovinos/sangue , Animais , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Infusões Intravenosas , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino
17.
Reprod Nutr Dev (1980) ; 28 Suppl 1: 181-2, 1988.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3254599

RESUMO

Ketogenesis was measured in isolated liver cells from fed or 48 h starved rabbits given either a low fat diet (3%) or a high fat diet (18%). In the fed rabbits, ketogenesis with butyrate, octanoate and oleate was greatly enhanced by the high fat diet. In the starved animals the increase in ketogenesis was moderate and only observed with oleate and butyrate. Results are discussed in relation to in vivo observations.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Jejum , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Fígado/metabolismo , Animais , Butiratos/biossíntese , Caprilatos/biossíntese , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ácidos Oleicos/biossíntese , Coelhos
18.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr ; 11(3): 280-6, 1987.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3110446

RESUMO

Two groups of five conscious dogs received total parenteral nutrition (about 100 kcal/kg body weight per 24 hr) continuously for 96 hr (0.28 g triglycerides/kg body weight per hr, constituting more than 55% of the energy supply). The only difference between the two groups was the nature of the 20% lipid emulsion. In one group, this emulsion contained only long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), and in the other it contained a mixture (vol/vol) of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and LCTs. MCTs thus were given in an amount of about 30% of the total energy supplied. During infusion with the MCT/LCT mixture, C8, C10, and C12 fatty acids appeared in the total plasma fatty acids. When the infusion was stopped, the medium-chain fatty acids disappeared; those with shorter chains did so more rapidly. The plasma triglyceride clearance was faster for the MCT/LCT mixture than for the LCTs, whereas phospholipid and cholesterol clearance seemed slower for the MCT/LCT mixture. With this mixture, there was a slight increase in the plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, lactate, and pyruvate, and a slight decrease in plasma glucose. The MCT/LCT mixture was well tolerated, causing no discernible problems, and, in particular, no signs of narcosis or encephalopathy.


Assuntos
Nutrição Parenteral Total , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cães , Emulsões , Metabolismo Energético , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Corpos Cetônicos/sangue , Lactatos/sangue , Ácido Láctico , Masculino , Piruvatos/sangue , Ácido Pirúvico , Triglicerídeos/sangue
19.
Ann Rech Vet ; 17(1): 43-9, 1986.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3022633

RESUMO

To test the effects of an insufficient fiber content, a high percentage of readily fermentescible carbohydrate and non protein nitrogen uptake on thiamin nutrition, three goats were submitted during periods of 40 or 90 days to three diets with low fiber contents (1: 16.53%; 2: 12.37%; 3: 12.84%) and low thiamin contents (1: 0.07; 2: 0.08; 3: 0.05' mg/kg). The diets were basically composed of beet pulp and equilibrated in protein either with copra meal or with urea. Diets 2 and 3 were enriched with 20% lactose. Animals had no access to coarse forage or litter. Variations of blood transketolase activity, pyruvicemia and lactacidemia were followed. Preliminary standard values of transketolase activity were determined with a hay diet (38 +/- 10 Ul/l total blood) or a grass diet (47 +/- 13 Ul/l). In the same way, no decrease of food intake or clinical signs of thiamin deficiency could be observed. In none of the cases were noted impairment of blood transketolase activity or increase in lactacidemia or pyruvicemia. It was concluded that a diet deficient in fiber and rich in fermentescible carbohydrate cannot by itself induce a decrease in thiamin synthesis in so far as transitions between diets are not done abruptly.


Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Cabras , Deficiência de Tiamina/veterinária , Transcetolase/sangue , Animais , Cabras/sangue , Cabras/metabolismo , Deficiência de Tiamina/etiologia
20.
Sci Total Environ ; 43(1-2): 103-26, 1985 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-4012292

RESUMO

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Ba, Mg and Ca have been determined in 180 human bones from the last five millenia, and in 22 contemporary and 20000-50000-year-old animal bones. The original concentrations of Cd and Zn in the ancient human bones were not changed by fossilization processes, whereas Pb and Mg tended to migrate out of the bones, and Ba and Ca concentrations increased with the age of the bones. The distribution of metals in the structure of both the ancient and contemporary bones is not uniform, and neglecting this may render it difficult to compare results obtained from different studies. In Europe and Peru in the late Middle Ages the concentration of Pb in human bones increased by one order of magnitude. The high level of Pb persisted in Europe for several centuries and only recently decreased by an order of magnitude. The concentration of Cd has increased in human bones in the 20th century, to about ten times above the pre-industrial level. The concentration of Pb in contemporary cow bones from France is below analytical detection limits, probably due to competition of Pb with Ca and P which are added to cow fodder as mineral additives.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/análise , Metais/análise , Paleontologia , Animais , Bário/análise , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Cádmio/análise , Cálcio/análise , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Magnésio/análise , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Zinco/análise
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