Diagnostico prenatal de las cardiopatias congenitas / Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiopathy

Fetal echocardiography can be performed as early as the 16th week gestation and with improved equipment all forms of congenital heart diseases can be detected in utero. In this article we discuss the indications for a fetal heart echocardiography and the techniques used in a fetal heart examination and review the structural and functional information that can be obtained.

[Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiopathy]. / Diagnostico prenatal de las cardiopatias congenitas.

Fetal echocardiography can be performed as early as the 16th week gestation and with improved equipment all forms of congenital heart diseases can be detected in utero. In this article we discuss the indications for a fetal heart echocardiography and the techniques used in a fetal heart examination and review the structural and functional information that can be obtained.

[Clinical, electrocardiographic and angiographic evaluation of natural reservoirs of Chagas' disease in the Republic of Panama]. / Evaluacion clinica, electrocardiografica y angiografica de los reservorios naturales de la enfermedad de chagas en la Republica de Panama.

The authors studied two groups of natural animal reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi: a wild one, the common rat Rattus rattus and the house dog, Canis canis. Thirty one naturally infected rats were evaluated with a technique developed by the authors which allows the recording of the ECG and the performance of a ventricular angiogram without altering the functional capacity of the animal. Forty four dogs were followed clinically for a period of twenty years to study the development of the cardiac lesion seen in the chronic phase of the disease. The authors demonstrate the epidemiologic importance of the dog as a reservoir and the ease with which the infection can be acquired from rats, which live in the same habitat with human patients. The most common lesions in both groups were ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and second degree AV block; and, in the dogs, also death due to refractory cardiac failure, such as is seen in the human patient. Right bundle branch block and dilatation of the right cardiac chambers was the rule in both groups. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of the ECG in the rat and its anatomical basis. They propose the possibility of establishing and standardizing this techniques in the laboratories that study rats or other species.

Evaluacion clinica, electrocardiografica y angiografica de los reservorios naturales de la enfermedad de chagas en la Republica de Panama / Clinical, electrocardiographic and angiographic evaluation of natural reservoirs of Chagas' disease in the Republic of Panama

The authors studied two groups of natural animal reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi: a wild one, the common rat Rattus rattus and the house dog, Canis canis. Thirty one naturally infected rats were evaluated with a technique developed by the authors which allows the recording of the ECG and the performance of a ventricular angiogram without altering the functional capacity of the animal. Forty four dogs were followed clinically for a period of twenty years to study the development of the cardiac lesion seen in the chronic phase of the disease. The authors demonstrate the epidemiologic importance of the dog as a reservoir and the ease with which the infection can be acquired from rats, which live in the same habitat with human patients. The most common lesions in both groups were ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and second degree AV block; and, in the dogs, also death due to refractory cardiac failure, such as is seen in the human patient. Right bundle branch block and dilatation of the right cardiac chambers was the rule in both groups. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of the ECG in the rat and its anatomical basis. They propose the possibility of establishing and standardizing this techniques in the laboratories that study rats or other species

[Arterial hypertension in children]. / Hipertensión arterial en niños.

Arterial hypertension is the main cause of cardiovascular problems in adults. To better know the scope of arterial hypertension in children in our midst, the authors measured the arterial blood pressure in 8642 Panamanian children between 1 month and 18 years of age and studied the principal causes of arterial hypertension. The authors propose norms for the identification and clinical and pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in Panamanian children.

Hipertensión arterial en niños / Arterial hypertension in children

Arterial hypertension is the main cause of cardiovascular problems in adults. To better know the scope of arterial hypertension in children in our midst, the authors measured the arterial blood pressure in 8642 Panamanian children between 1 month and 18 years of age and studied the principal causes of arterial hypertension. The authors propose norms for the identification and clinical and pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in Panamanian children

Case report: the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease with urticaria.

Urticaria has many known etiologies. An association with autoimmune thyroid disease is described. One individual had the triad of urticaria, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and rheumatoid arthritis, whereas the other individual had urticaria preceding Graves' disease by over 1 year.

[Toxic cardiomyopathy due to cocaine use]. / Cardiomiopatía tóxica por uso de cocaína.

The clinical record of 5 patients are studied. They were hospitalized in Santo Tomás Hospital with history of chronic and massive intoxication with inhaled and ingested cocaine. They all had cardiomegaly: in one, of grade I; in three, of grade III. The echocardiography mode B showed global cardiomegaly with dilatation of cavities and ejection fraction of 20% or below.

[The clinical experience in Panama with metronidazole in treating Chagas' disease in the acute and chronic phases]. / Experiencia clínica en Panamá con metronidazole en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas, en la fase aguda y en la fase crónica.

The authors evaluated the serological response of metronidazole, or 8823 RP-(Hydroxy-2' ethy1)-1-methyl-2 nitro-5 imidazole) in 1307 patients, with Chagas' disease in the acute or chronic stage with age ranging between 6 months to 73 years. 273 patients were in the acute phase: 153 children and 120 adults. Patients in the chronic stage were classified with serological, clinical and cardiological criteria: 1.-POSITIVE SEROLOGY without cardiological signs or symptomatology (EKG, VECTO, ECHO M mode and 2-D, Chest Rx, physiological and pharmacological tests, radiocardiological-HMIBI, MUGA); 2.- POSITIVE SEROLOGY with cardiological signs and symptoms (all cardiological tests were abnormals); 3.- POSITIVE SEROLOGY with cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Metronidazole, P.O. or I.V. was utilizing dosages ranging from 15 to 25 mg/Kilo body weight per five days in acute phase and 250 to 500 mg. P.O. in the chronic stage of the disease for 180 days. The drug was well tolerated by all patients in both phases of the disease. Adequate anabolic effect was identified in both stages of the illness. Serological reactions were negative in all patients (100%) without cardiomyopathy. In patients with cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure, the complement fixation test title were similar before and after treatment.

Experiencia clínica en Panamá con metronidazole en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas, en la fase aguda y en la fase crónica / The clinical experience in Panama with metronidazole in treating Chagas' disease in the acute and chronic phases

The authors evaluated the serological response of metronidazole, or 8823 RP-(Hydroxy-2' ethy1)-1-methyl-2 nitro-5 imidazole) in 1307 patients, with Chagas' disease in the acute or chronic stage with age ranging between 6 months to 73 years. 273 patients were in the acute phase: 153 children and 120 adults. Patients in the chronic stage were classified with serological, clinical and cardiological criteria: 1.-POSITIVE SEROLOGY without cardiological signs or symptomatology (EKG, VECTO, ECHO M mode and 2-D, Chest Rx, physiological and pharmacological tests, radiocardiological-HMIBI, MUGA); 2.- POSITIVE SEROLOGY with cardiological signs and symptoms (all cardiological tests were abnormals); 3.- POSITIVE SEROLOGY with cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Metronidazole, P.O. or I.V. was utilizing dosages ranging from 15 to 25 mg/Kilo body weight per five days in acute phase and 250 to 500 mg. P.O. in the chronic stage of the disease for 180 days. The drug was well tolerated by all patients in both phases of the disease. Adequate anabolic effect was identified in both stages of the illness. Serological reactions were negative in all patients (100%) without cardiomyopathy. In patients with cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure, the complement fixation test title were similar before and after treatment

Cardiomiopatía tóxica por uso de cocaína / Toxic cardiomyopathy due to cocaine use

The clinical record of 5 patients are studied. They were hospitalized in Santo Tomás Hospital with history of chronic and massive intoxication with inhaled and ingested cocaine. They all had cardiomegaly: in one, of grade I; in three, of grade III. The echocardiography mode B showed global cardiomegaly with dilatation of cavities and ejection fraction of 20% or below

[Fetal cardiocirculatory physiology]. / Fisiología cardiocirculatoria fetal.

The authors analyzed the physiology of fetal circulation and its variations during hypoxia. They propose a systematic approach which would allow early diagnosis of hypoxia during its initial phases, as a contribution in order to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.

[Prenatal diagnosis and management of a case of cardiac tumor]. / Diagnóstico prenatal y manejo de un caso de tumor cardíaco.

The cardiac tumors are very rare when diagnosed in the prenatal period. The authors report a typical case diagnosed in the 27 week of gestation by echocardiography. This is the first case reported in Panama.

[Echocardiographic assessment of patients with sickle cell anemia]. / Evaluación ecocardiográfica de pacientes con anemia falciforme.

One hundred and sixty four (164) patients were evaluated. Sixty (60) with Sickle cell disease (SSHg.) and ninety seven (97) with Trait (ASHg.); seventeen (17) were normal control group. The study confirmed that the incidence of cardiomyopathy in Trait (ASHg.) is greater than reported by other clinical investigations. Cardiac arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, bundle branch blocks, and T and ST modifications with sub epicardial isquemia were most significant electrocardiographics changes. The possibility of myocardial infarction in SS patients with low or normal hemoglobin is significant. M-Mode and 2-D echo, demonstrated similar end diastolic volumes in AS and SS patients in which cardiomyopathy were diagnosticated. Patients with cardiac failure, treated with cardiotonics, diuretics and ACE were compensated most frequently. To prevent hemosiderosis, antioxydant (alfatocoferol and Ubiquinones) were used with satisfactory response.