[Internal hernias after bariatric surgery]. / Innere Hernien nach bariatrischer Chirurgie.

Hernias are among the most common long-term complications after bariatric surgery. Besides incisional hernias, which occur very often after conventional open bariatric surgery, internal hernias after bariatric surgery constitute a special challenge. The incidence of internal hernias after bariatric surgery is more common than for other upper gastrointestinal tract operations. Internal hernias are not limited to laparoscopic procedures but are also observed after conventional open gastric bypass surgery. As the incidence is significantly increased after laparoscopic interventions, there seems to be a close association with minimally invasive procedures. The clinical symptoms of internal hernias without complete obstruction are non-specific and the correct diagnosis is often not straightforward. In addition to the aspects of prevention of internal hernias in laparoscopic surgery, this article discusses the diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the various forms of internal hernia after bariatric operations.

Absorption of solar radiation by an ellipsoid sensor simulated the human body.

Assessment of heat gain in man caused by solar radiation is one of the most important problems in research of the human heat balance outdoors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a new method for estimation of solar heat income. Absorption of short wave radiation (direct, diffuse and reflected) was measured with an ellipsoid sensor representing a simple, physical model of man. Measurements were performed in climatic chamber with the use of an iodide CSI solar lamp. The absorbed quantity of solar radiation varied as a result of sun altitude as well as of a colour and insulation of fabric covering the ellipsoid sensor. The new coefficients derived from our investigations for estimating doses of absorbed solar radiation should be applicable for a standing man. They correlate better with mean skin temperature observed on subjects outdoor than previous results obtained based on a cylinder as an analogue model of man. The ellipsoid sensor covered by a black fabric absorbed about 6 times more of solar radiation than when covered by a white textile.

Solar heat load on man. Review of different methods of estimation.

Different methods have been compared for the estimation of solar heat load on man. The comparison comprised several methods based on the calculation of absorbed solar radiation and one method for calculation of mean radiant temperature (Mrt). Regression analysis was carried out for predicted values and values calculated for a vertical cylinder, assumed as an analog model of a standing man. Regression of mean skin temperature, measured in 10 subjects exposed to solar radiation under a variety of climatic conditions, on predicted radiant heat load was also analysed. Mean skin temperature correlated best with Mrt, accounting for more than 50% of the variance. The results indicated that three methods provide a realistic estimation of the radiation heat load, whereas some methods show deviations of several hundred per cent.

The influence of climatic conditions on the heat balance of the human body.

The structure of heat exchange between the human body and its surroundings has been studied according to M.I. Budyko's model. Comparative measurements were carried out in the Polish Lakeland (maritime, temperate warm climate), in Central Mongolia (continental, temperate cool climate), and in the Kara Kum desert (dry subtropical climate). The results deal with the summer and early autumn seasons. The calculations indicate that the quantitative apportionment of various forms of heat exchange depend on specific weather conditions, which are typical for the distinguished climatic zones.