Tumor promotion by γ and suppression by ß non-muscle actin isoforms.

Here we have shown that ß-cytoplasmic actin acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting cell growth and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, γ-cytoplasmic actin increases the oncogenic potential via ERK1/2, p34-Arc, WAVE2, cofilin1, PP1 and other regulatory proteins. There is a positive feedback loop between γ-actin expression and ERK1/2 activation. We conclude that non-muscle actin isoforms should not be considered as merely housekeeping proteins and the ß/γ-actins ratio can be used as an oncogenic marker at least for lung and colon carcinomas. Agents that increase ß- and/or decrease γ-actin expression may be useful for anticancer therapy.