In vitro activity of tigecycline and comparators (2014-2016) among key WHO 'priority pathogens' and longitudinal assessment (2004-2016) of antimicrobial resistance: a report from the T.E.S.T. study.

We report contemporary (2014-2016) Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) global data on activity of tigecycline and comparators against WHO 'priority pathogens', and global trends (2004-2016) in antimicrobial resistance. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution methodology. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using CLSI breakpoints (FDA breakpoints for tigecycline). Data are reported for Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. From 2014-2016, Africa, Asia and South America reported highest resistance rates among Acinetobacter baumannii; North America lowest (all antimicrobials tested). The tigecycline MIC90 against A. baumannii was 2 mg/L in all regions except South America (1 mg/L). Among Enterobacteriaceae, meropenem resistance was low and tigecycline resistance was ≤1.3% in all regions (Escherichia coli, 0.0-0.3%; Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.0-1.3%; Enterobacter spp. 0.5-1.1%; Serratia marcescens 0.0-1.3%). Ceftriaxone resistance among E. coli ranged from 14.5% (North America) to 54.7% (Asia), and among K. pneumoniae from 9.1% (North America) to 54.0% (South America). North America reported highest rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (64.6%); Europe lowest (17.7%). The tigecycline MIC90 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranged from 0.12 mg/L (Africa and North America) to 0.5 mg/L (Asia). From 2004-2016, carbapenem resistance increased among A. baumannii (all regions), reaching 92.3% in Africa and 85.7% in South America (2016). Rates of ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli increased in all regions except Asia. Ceftriaxone resistance in K. pneumoniae increased in Europe. Rates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and MRSA were highest in North America and South America (and Asia for MRSA); lowest in Europe.

[Gemifloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary infections (acute cystitis)]. / Gemifloxacino para el tratamiento de infecciones no complicadas de las vias urinarias (cistitis aguda).

Uncomplicated urinary infections are a significant and growing cause of morbidity amongst young women. Commonly these infections are caused by Escherichia coil or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Escherichia coil is resistant to several empirical antibiotics: amoxicilin, trimetoprima-sulfametozaxol and, more recently, to some more old flouroquinolons. Gemifloxacin is a flouroquinolon with an excellent in vitro activity against many community acquired bacteria which cause respiratory or urinary infections. This antibiotic has a very unique and dual action mechanism directed against girasa and topoisomerasa II DNA, which grants minimum low inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coil, Klebsiella and S. saprophyticus species and others attacking respiratory system. Young women with uncomplicated urinary infections were evaluated in two random clinical studies; they were treated with 320 mg gemifloxacin once a day for three days. Gemifloxacin was compared to ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in approved doses and durations and it proved to be useful with clinical success rates of 95% or more in both studies. Gemifloxacin showed to be safe and well tolerated. A dose a day is a safe and useful alternative amongst current empirical options to treat patients with uncomplicated urinary infections.