RESUMO
This paper describes research about a historical bottle found in the Polish town of Skarszewy in 2004. Upon discovery, the find was labeled "In Nazareth Aechter Jerusalemer Balsam im goldnen Engel", sealed and â filled with liquid. The Jerusalem Balsam mentioned on the label was a popular medicament in Europe in the 18th century. From 1719 it was produced by Father Antonio Menzani da Cuna in the Franciscan Pharmacy at the convent of Saint Savior in Jerusalem. In the 19th century, the Balsam became extremely popular in Silesia thanks to the hermit Johannes Treutler from Marianska Hill near Klodzko. It's fame spread north to Prussia and south to Bohemia (Czechia). After the hermit's death, the license for production was obtained by the owner of the Mohren-Apotheke pharmacy, but he had to deal with unfair competition from other pharmacies counterfeiting the Balsam. An attempt was made to determine where the found bottle came from. In the course of the research, it was found that the medicine certainly does not come from authorized production sources, as evidenced by accurate label comparisons.
Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácias , Bálsamos , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIXRESUMO
In 1719, Antonio Menzani di Cuna from the Saint Savior monastery published an alcoholic extract formula made from plant and herb resins under the name Jerusalem Balsam. The Balsam gained high popularity due to its remedial benefits. At the end of the 19 th century, Jerusalem Balsam produced by the hermit Johannes Treutler was found to be particularly popular. We analysed a sample of a valuable find coming from the last decade of the 19 th century, making it probably the oldest surviving Jerusalem Balsam in the world. The purpose of this work was to investigate the composition of the historical sample and to try to determine the origin of its components. This was achieved by comparing the profile of volatile compounds extracted from the balsam using HS-SPME technique with the profile characteristic for plant resins as classic ingredients of the Johannes Treutler formula. The use of two chromatographic columns of different polarity, as well as the transformation of the polar components of the sample into TMS derivatives, allowed to obtain new information on the historical composition of the Balsam. Also, it can be stated with high probability that plant resins were indeed used in the production of the Balsam as referred to in the original recipe of Johannes Treutler. We also discuss challenges in determining the original composition of the Balsam.
Assuntos
Bálsamos/história , Resinas Vegetais/história , Bálsamos/química , Química Farmacêutica , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Israel , Resinas Vegetais/química , Microextração em Fase SólidaRESUMO
1H spin-lattice Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry, vibrational spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have been applied to differentiate between original and counterfeit Viagra®. The relaxation studies have been performed in a frequency range covering four orders of magnitude, from 4kHz to 40MHz. It has been shown that for the counterfeit product the relaxation is bi-exponential in the whole frequency range, while for the original Viagra® the relaxation process is always single exponential. Thus, even a qualitative analysis of the relaxation data makes it possible to identify the falsified medicine. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that vibrational spectroscopy does not allow for differentiating between the products, while AFM studies are likely to lead one to deceptive conclusions regarding the originality of the medicine. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the relaxation data has been performed to describe in detail the relaxation properties of the original and falsified products.
Assuntos
Medicamentos Falsificados/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/efeitos adversos , Citrato de Sildenafila/análise , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/normas , Citrato de Sildenafila/normas , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cellulite is one of the worst tolerated aesthetic imperfections. Edema that accompanies cellulite causes disorders of blood flow what may be observed as changes in the skin surface temperature. The aim of this paper was to develop a new method based on the analysis and processing of thermal images of the skin for biometric evaluation of severity of cellulite and monitoring its treatment. METHODS: The observations of the treatment effects were conducted on 10 females (33.4 ± 6.4 years). Thermal images of the volunteers' thighs were captured before starting the therapy (T0 ). In the following stages: T1 , T2 , and T3 , thermal images were captured 2 weeks after the first, second and third Alidya treatment administration, respectively. Profiled algorithms were developed to determine the mean Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) contrast in the acquired thermograms. RESULTS: The mean GLCM contrast for the phase T0 was 70.91, and for the stages T1 , T2 , and T3 : 57.78, 41.80, and 38.53, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of proposed method (GLCM contrast) enables biometric evaluation of the effectiveness of cellulite treatment. Traditionally used parameters of infrared analysis such as local points of the maximum and minimum temperature or the median temperatures are not useful in thermal, biometric evaluation of anti-cellulite preparations.
Assuntos
Biometria/métodos , Celulite/diagnóstico por imagem , Celulite/tratamento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/administração & dosagem , Temperatura Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Termografia/métodos , Adulto , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: To check on reproducibility of parameters of the cutaneous electrogastrogram registered at a close or a distant time span. METHODS: Twenty-two volunteers recruited by an advertisement (11 females and 11 males, median age 25 years, range: 18-35) underwent three surface electrogastrography examinations of which two were taken on consecutive days and the third one was accomplished at least 2 weeks before or after the two other sessions. The examination involved a 30-min fasted recording, followed by a 90-min postprandial registration after intake of a 394-kcal mixed solid-liquid test meal. RESULTS: Parameters of the electrogastrogram pertaining to the frequency of the gastric slow waves exhibited good to moderate reproducibility, whereas fair reproducibility characterized parameters expected to describe the power of gastric slow waves. With the exception of the difference fed minus fasted power (DeltaDP), in no instance was the medium term reproducibility any worse than the short term one. Categorical data analysis revealed that the relative time share of normogastria postprandially exhibited a better reproducibility than in the fasted period. The Cohen's kappa-value of 0.459 for the DeltaDP for the medium term reproducibility placed this parameter within the range of moderate agreement between repeat examinations. Of the two two-parameter combinations considered, the alliance of the fasted and fed normogastria performed worse than any of those parameters considered alone, whereas a combination of the DeltaDP with the fed-state normogastria revealed a kappa-value amounting to 0.510 for the medium term reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of some electrogastrographic parameters to convey clinically useful information may be hampered by their fair reproducibility. Recoding of parameters of the cutaneous electrogastrogram from primary continuous to secondary categorical may help achieve a better agreement between repeat examinations.
Assuntos
Eletrodiagnóstico/normas , Estômago/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Eletrodiagnóstico/instrumentação , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Controle de Qualidade , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate IOP changes after phacotrabeculectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 glaucoma patients (27 eyes) with coexistence of cataract. Age: 56-79 years. Mean IOP level before surgery: 23.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg. In all cases phacotrabeculectomy was performed. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months. RESULTS: IOP decrease after surgery was achieved: mean decrease 7.1 +/- 2.3 mm Hg after 3 months and 5.5 +/- 2.4 mm Hg, and 4.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg after 6 and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Phacotrabeculectomy combines all advantages of phacoemulsification and creates perspective for IOP normalization.