Assuntos
Retinopatia Diabética , Edema Macular , Descolamento Retiniano , Perfurações Retinianas , Acuidade Visual , Vitrectomia , Humanos , Retinopatia Diabética/cirurgia , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/cirurgia , Edema Macular/etiologia , Edema Macular/fisiopatologia , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/fisiopatologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Vitrectomia/métodosAssuntos
COVID-19 , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica , Perfurações Retinianas , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/diagnóstico , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/etiologia , Veia Retiniana , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Traumatismos Oculares/diagnóstico , Vitrectomia/métodos , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformações Vasculares/complicações , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodosAssuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatia Diabética , Edema Macular , Miopia Degenerativa , Esclerite , Humanos , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Edema Macular/etiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Miopia Degenerativa/complicações , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Biomarcadores , Tomada de DecisõesAssuntos
Membrana Epirretiniana , Perfurações Retinianas , Humanos , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Hemorragia Vítrea , Retina , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Lasers , Vitrectomia , Membrana Basal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaAssuntos
Oftalmopatias , Nevo Pigmentado , Humanos , Vitrectomia , Corpo Vítreo , Recurvamento da Esclera , Nevo Pigmentado/cirurgiaAssuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatia Diabética , Síndrome de Waardenburg , Humanos , VitrectomiaAssuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas , Membrana Epirretiniana , Perfurações Retinianas , Humanos , Vitrectomia/métodos , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Membrana Basal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
One way to build chemical diversity into indoles is to oxidize them to indolyl radical cations (Indâ¢+). These intermediates can accept new functional groups across C2-C3 bonds or independently at C2. Less encountered is selective diversification at C3, a position plagued by competing dearomative side reactions. We disclose an aqueous photoredox-catalyzed method for transforming Indâ¢+ into C3-substituted tryptophan mimetics that uses water as a transient protecting group to guide site-selective C3 alkylation.
Assuntos
Miopia , Descolamento Retiniano , Perfurações Retinianas , Humanos , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Angiofluoresceinografia , Vitrectomia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Miopia/complicações , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização IntercelularRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report a case of unilateral, sectoral retinal metastasis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) that mimicked cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman presented with a four-week history of a visual field loss in her right eye. She had a past medical history of extensive-stage SCLC with brain metastasis, stable on maintenance atezolizumab for two years. On initial presentation, she was diagnosed with CMV retinitis. No improvement was observed with 4 weeks of oral valganciclovir. Upon referral for a second opinion, her fundus exam appeared compatible with CMV retinitis, and anterior chamber tap for polymerase chain reaction for viral etiologies was performed followed by intravitreal and intravenous ganciclovir without improvement. She was referred for a third opinion, where diagnostic vitrectomy with vitreous and retinal biopsies were consistent with SCLC metastatic to the retina. The patient underwent enucleation of the right eye for definitive pathologic analysis and subsequently was started on additional systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Retinal metastases are exceedingly rare, particularly retinal metastasis of SCLC. Retinal metastasis should be considered in patients initially diagnosed with viral retinitis who fail to improve despite antiviral therapy, particularly if they have a known history of malignancy. Furthermore, retinal metastasis of SCLC potentially could be misdiagnosed histopathologically as retinoblastoma if the patient's history is unknown and appropriate immunohistochemical stains are not performed.
Assuntos
Macroaneurisma Arterial Retiniano , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana , Artéria Retiniana , Uveíte , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana , Humanos , Macroaneurisma Arterial Retiniano/complicações , Hemorragia Retiniana , Retina , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana/complicações , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana/diagnóstico , Uveíte/complicações , AngiofluoresceinografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dimeric IgA to monomeric IgA ratio (dIgA ratio) is a biomarker of gut mucosal leakage in liver cirrhosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel point-of-care (POC) dIgA ratio test for cirrhosis. METHODS: Plasma samples from people with chronic liver disease were analyzed using the BioPoint POC dIgA ratio antigen immunoassay lateral flow test. Cirrhosis was defined by Fibroscan>12.5 kPa, clinical evidence of cirrhosis or liver histopathology. POC dIgA test diagnostic accuracy was determined in a test cohort using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; optimal cutoffs for sensitivity and specificity were then applied to a validation cohort. RESULTS: A total of 1478 plasma samples from 866 patients with chronic liver disease were included (test cohort n = 260, validation cohort n = 606). In all, 32% had cirrhosis; 44% Child-Pugh A, 26% Child-Pugh B, and 29% Child-Pugh C. Median POC dIgA ratio was higher in cirrhosis (0.9) compared with no cirrhosis (0.4, p < 0.001), and in Child-Pugh class B/C compared with A cirrhosis (1.4 Child-Pugh B/C vs. 0.6 Child-Pugh A, p < 0.001). POC dIgA ratio test had good diagnostic accuracy for liver cirrhosis in the test cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.80); a dIgA ratio cutoff of 0.6 had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 86%. POC dIgA test accuracy was moderate in the validation cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.75; positive predictive value 64%, negative predictive value 83%). Using a dual cutoff approach, 79% of cirrhosis cases were correctly diagnosed and further testing was avoided in 57%. CONCLUSIONS: POC dIgA ratio test had moderate accuracy for cirrhosis. Further studies evaluating the accuracy of POC dIgA ratio testing for cirrhosis screening are warranted.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática , Polímeros , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos de Coortes , Testes Imediatos , Imunoglobulina ARESUMO
Electrochemical potentials of photocatalysts are solvent dependent. One of the largest discrepancies is observed when water is used in place of organic solvents as the reaction media. Unfortunately, the redox potentials for many photocatalysts in water have not been determined, at least under one unifying set of conditions, and this greatly hinders the rational design of sustainable and biocompatible photoredox reactions. Herein, we measure the spectral and electrochemical properties of the most common photoredox catalysts in water and catalog their absorption and fluorescence maxima and ground- and excited-state potentials.