RESUMO
SCOPE: This study examines to what extent plasma linoleic acid (LA) is modified by adiposity, and explores any association between plasma LA, demographics, dietary intakes, markers of metabolic health, and haplotypes of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1/2 genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 820 participants with fasting blood samples from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey are studied. Plasma fatty acids are determined using GC-MS. Fifteen SNPs of FADS 1/2 genes are genotyped. Plasma LA decreases, while γ-linoleic acid and dihomo-γ-linoleic acid increases in overweight/obese participants (p ≤ 0.002). Participants in the highest quartile of plasma LA show decreased plasma markers of de novo lipogenesis, insulin resistance, and of inflammation (TNF-α, PAI-1) (p ≤ 0.005). Adiposity (waist circumference and body fat) is strongly inversely associated with plasma LA accounting for 11.8% of variance observed, which is followed by FADS1/2 haplotypes (3.9%), quantity and quality of carbohydrate intakes (3.8%), dietary PUFA intakes (3.7%), systolic blood pressure (3.6%), and age (3.2%). CONCLUSION: Plasma LA is inversely associated with adiposity, followed by haplotypes of FADS1/2 genes, carbohydrate intakes, and dietary PUFA intakes. The association observed between plasma LA and adiposity may be linked to decreased de novo lipogenesis, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/genética , Ácido Linoleico/sangue , Obesidade/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Dessaturase de Ácido Graxo Delta-5 , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/metabolismo , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Irlanda , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/imunologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/imunologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SCOPE: Using pattern analysis, we investigated the relationship between plasma fatty acid patterns, dietary intake, and biomarkers of metabolic health using data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma fatty acid patterns were derived from 26 plasma fatty acids using k-means cluster analysis. Four clusters were identified, each with a distinct fatty acid profile. Cluster 1 included high proportions of linoleic acid (LA) and low proportions of stearic acid (SA); cluster 2 was higher in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and SA; the profile of cluster 3 was higher in very-long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLCSFA) and lower in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (cluster 3); while cluster 4 was higher in fatty acids related to de novo lipogenesis and 20:3n-6 and lower in LA (cluster 4). In general, cluster 4 was associated with adverse metabolic profile and higher metabolic risk (p < 0.033). Clusters 2 and 3 were associated with healthier and protective phenotypes (p < 0.033). CONCLUSION: Distinct fatty acid patterns were identified which were related to demographics, dietary habits, and metabolic profile. A pattern higher in VLCSFA and lower in ALA was associated with healthier metabolic outcome.
