Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of an unusual intraconal orbital osteoma.

We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient with a 5 month history of proptosis, motility limitation and vision loss in OD. Visual acuity (VA) was 20/200 in OD and 20/20 in OS. CT showed a large, round, intraconal lesion, with bony density and no apparent connection to adjacent orbital walls. MRI showed a T1-weighted hypointense lesion surrounded by a contrast enhancing capsule. The orbital tumor was excised through a lateral orbitotomy revealing a nodular, round, osseous structure. Histological examination disclosed well-formed lamellar bone trabeculae, with no necrosis or mitosis figures. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for MDM2 and CDK4. After 3 years, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence and VA had improved to 20/30. Intraconal osteomas with no clear attachment to orbital walls are extremely rare. We are aware of a few reported cases in the lid, hand, thigh, tongue, pterygopalatine fossa and brain. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in English literature of an orbital intraconal osteoma without any visible relation to the orbital walls.

Progressive chronic calvarial osteomyelitis in rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.

We describe two cases of extensive indolent calvarial osteomyelitis after rhino-orbital-mucormycosis in diabetic patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Both patients presented with acute rhino-orbital symptoms about one month after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Treatment with intravenous liposomal Amphotericin B and prompt radical surgical debridement was instituted, but calvarial osteomyelitis ensued and persisted chronically despite maintenance of antifungal therapy and partial debridement of necrotic calvarial bone. The patients were discharged to continue antifungal therapy on a day-hospital regime. After more than 8 months of treatment, they remain with radiological signs of osteomyelitis but with no symptoms or intracranial extension of the infection. Calvarial indolent osteomyelitis secondary to mucormycosis is extremely rare, and little is known regarding its treatment. We believe it can be controlled with medical treatment and partial bony debridement although more studies are necessary to better define therapy.

Pulmonary 64-MDCT angiography with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material in an unselected patient population: a feasible protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a protocol for pulmonary angiography using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material, in an unselected patient population, as well as to evaluate vascular enhancement and image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 29 patients (22-86 years of age). The body mass index ranged from 19.0 kg/m(2) to 41.8 kg/m(2). Patients underwent pulmonary CT angiography in a 64-MDCT scanner, receiving 50 mL of iodinated contrast material via venous access at a rate of 4.5 mL/s. Bolus tracking was applied in the superior vena cava. Two experienced radiologists assessed image quality and vascular enhancement. RESULTS: The mean density was 382 Hounsfield units (HU) for the pulmonary trunk; 379 and 377 HU for the right and left main pulmonary arteries, respectively; and 346 and 364 HU for the right and left inferior pulmonary arteries, respectively. In all patients, subsegmental arteries were analyzed. There were streak artifacts from contrast material in the superior vena cava in all patients. However, those artifacts did not impair the image analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pulmonary angiography using 64-MDCT with 50 mL of iodinated contrast can produce high quality images in unselected patient populations.

OBJETIVO: Propusemos um protocolo com 50 mL de contraste, sem seleção de população e testamos o contraste vascular e a qualidade de imagem. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove pacientes com idades entre 22 e 86 anos, com índice de massa corporal de 19,0 a 41,8 kg/m2, realizaram angiografia pulmonar em equipamento de 64 detectores. Foram injetados 50 mL de contraste iodado em acesso venoso periférico, na taxa de 4,5 mL/s2, com técnica de bolus tracking na veia cava superior. Dois radiologistas experientes avaliaram o realce vascular e a qualidade de imagem. RESULTADOS: A densidade média no tronco pulmonar, ramos direito e esquerdo, artérias pulmonares inferiores direita e esquerda foram, respectivamente, 382, 379, 377, 346 e 364 unidades Hounsfield. Artérias subsegmentares foram avaliadas em todos os casos. Artefatos por restos de contraste na veia cava superior estavam presentes em todos os casos, sem prejudicar a avaliação das imagens. CONCLUSÃO: Angiotomografia pulmonar pode ser realizada com 50 mL de contraste iodado, sem necessidade de seleção dos pacientes e apesar de suas características físicas, com boa qualidade de imagem.

Pulmonary 64-MDCT angiography with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material in an unselected patient population: a feasible protocol / Angiografia pulmonar em tomógrafo de 64 detectores com 50 mL de contraste iodado: protocolo de aquisição factível em uma população não selecionada de pacientes

Abstract Objective: To propose a protocol for pulmonary angiography using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material, in an unselected patient population, as well as to evaluate vascular enhancement and image quality. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 29 patients (22-86 years of age). The body mass index ranged from 19.0 kg/m2 to 41.8 kg/m2. Patients underwent pulmonary CT angiography in a 64-MDCT scanner, receiving 50 mL of iodinated contrast material via venous access at a rate of 4.5 mL/s. Bolus tracking was applied in the superior vena cava. Two experienced radiologists assessed image quality and vascular enhancement. Results: The mean density was 382 Hounsfield units (HU) for the pulmonary trunk; 379 and 377 HU for the right and left main pulmonary arteries, respectively; and 346 and 364 HU for the right and left inferior pulmonary arteries, respectively. In all patients, subsegmental arteries were analyzed. There were streak artifacts from contrast material in the superior vena cava in all patients. However, those artifacts did not impair the image analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that pulmonary angiography using 64-MDCT with 50 mL of iodinated contrast can produce high quality images in unselected patient populations.

Resumo Objetivo: Propusemos um protocolo com 50 mL de contraste, sem seleção de população e testamos o contraste vascular e a qualidade de imagem. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes com idades entre 22 e 86 anos, com índice de massa corporal de 19,0 a 41,8 kg/m2, realizaram angiografia pulmonar em equipamento de 64 detectores. Foram injetados 50 mL de contraste iodado em acesso venoso periférico, na taxa de 4,5 mL/s2, com técnica de bolus tracking na veia cava superior. Dois radiologistas experientes avaliaram o realce vascular e a qualidade de imagem. Resultados: A densidade média no tronco pulmonar, ramos direito e esquerdo, artérias pulmonares inferiores direita e esquerda foram, respectivamente, 382, 379, 377, 346 e 364 unidades Hounsfield. Artérias subsegmentares foram avaliadas em todos os casos. Artefatos por restos de contraste na veia cava superior estavam presentes em todos os casos, sem prejudicar a avaliação das imagens. Conclusão: Angiotomografia pulmonar pode ser realizada com 50 mL de contraste iodado, sem necessidade de seleção dos pacientes e apesar de suas características físicas, com boa qualidade de imagem.

Doenças inflamatórias da orelha média / Inflammatory diseases of the middle ear

OBJETIVO: Determinar as alterações tomográficas mais frequentes na doença inflamatória da orelha média e comparar os achados da tomografia computadorizada e da ressonância magnética com os dados otológicos e cirúrgicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram comparados os resultados dos examesde imagem, clínico e cirúrgico de 95 pacientes (95 tomografias computadorizadas e uma ressonânciamagnética). RESULTADOS: Em 52 casos os resultados dos exames de imagem foram normais. Dos 43 pacientes com alterações radiológicas, a comparação com os achados dos exames de imagem, otolaringológico e histopatológico demonstrou: otomastoidite aguda em 2 (4,6%) pacientes, otomastoidite crônica unilateral em 9 (21,0%), otomastoidite crônica bilateral em 2 (4,6%), colesteatoma unilateral em 26 (60,5%) e colesteatoma bilateral em 4 (9,3%). CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia computadorizada foi capaz de definir as características das lesões e as complicações existentes na maioria dos casos e foi necessário o uso da ressonância magnética em um dos 43 pacientes com alterações radiológicas, para definir o tipo de material presente na orelha média. O conhecimento dos dados clínicos e do exame otológico permitiu a interpretação dos achados de imagem mais apropriada para cada caso.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the aspects and frequency of middle ear alterations at computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with clinical suspicion for middle ear inflammatory disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Imaging examination resultsof 95 patients (95 computed tomography and 1 magnetic resonanceimaging) were compared with the results of otology, imaging and surgical findings. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients had normal imaging results. Forty-three patients had radiologic alterations compared to the physical, otology and hystopathologic exams: acute otomastoiditis in 2 patients (4.6%), unilateral chronic otomastoiditis in 9(21.0%), bilateral chronic otomastoiditis in 2 (4.6%), unilateral cholesteatoma in 26 (60.5%), and bilateral cholesteatoma in 4 (9.3%).CONCLUSION: Computed tomography was able to demonstrate the characteristics of the lesions and found complications in majority of the cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was used only in one patient to rule out scar and cholesteatoma. The knowledge of theclinical and otologic data enables the radiologist to elaborate a more appropriate interpretation of the imaging findings.