[Quality of life in children with epilepsy: a review]. / La qualité de vie chez l'enfant avec épilepsie: revue de la littérature.

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional construct, without general agreement on the number of domains and the content of each domain. In children with epilepsy, the HRQOL evaluation includes both nonspecific aspects, such as behavioral, psychological and cognitive difficulties and the impact of a chronic pediatric illness on the child and its family and specific aspects, such as the perception of the severity of the seizures and of the undesirable effects of the antiepileptic treatments, as well as the social impact of a negative attitude toward epilepsy. The present article presents a review of the methods proposed for the assessment of HRQOL in children with epilepsy. Most methods rely on parental reports; however, there is an increasing effort to develop tools taking the child's point of view into account. HRQOL tools have often been used in clinical trials and, especially, to evaluate the surgical treatments of epilepsy. For the clinician, HRQOL tools may be a preliminary approach to the patient's problems to be interpreted in relation to the patient's medical, psychological, cognitive, social and familial context. In France, few large-scale studies on HRQOL in children with epilepsy have been conducted. We present the preliminary results of a French study based on parental reports.

New flavanol derivatives from grape (Vitis vinifera) byproducts. Antioxidant aminoethylthio-flavan-3-ol conjugates from a polymeric waste fraction used as a source of flavanols.

A new family of antioxidants has been obtained from a residual fraction of polymeric polyphenols of grape origin. The integral exploitation of resources is important in any sustainable production scheme. Many byproducts and residues generated by the agroindustries contain polyphenols with potential application as preventative agents against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Among these polyphenols oligomeric proanthocyanidins are particularly significant. The polymeric forms, considered of less interest because of their astringent properties, constitute the largest portion of the biologically active plant proanthocyanidins. The new compounds described here result from the breakdown of polymeric flavanols in the presence of cysteamine and bear an amino function, which facilitates their isolation from complex mixtures by cation-exchange gels or resins. In this way, valuable antioxidant molecules can be efficiently obtained from otherwise wasted polymers. The new molecules appear to be as effective as their underivatized counterparts (flavan-3-ols) as antioxidants.