[Thioredoxin in fibroblasts of human dermis in the process of aging.]

The aim of this work was to examine the content of thioredoxin in fibroblasts of human dermis from the development until deep aging (from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old), and defining of a role of thioredoxin in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. Thioredoxin, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of fibroblasts vimentin were detected with indirect immunohistochemical technique. Results showed that portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for thioredoxin in the dermis is increased from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old. Most expressed age related increase in portion of thioredoxin positive dermal fibroblasts (more than 9 times) is present form birth until 20 years as compared to antenatal period. General number and percent of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis are decreased with age with more expressed changes until 40 years old. Correlation analysis showed that age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferative activity is significantly associated with increase in thioredoxin positive fibroblasts in dermis. Results allow to suggest that thioredoxin play a role in age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferation in human dermis.

Orientation Distribution of Molecules in a Smectic Liquid Crystal with a Distorted Director Geometry.

Quantitative determination of the molecular orientation distribution function in samples of liquid crystals with a complex director geometry was performed using the numerical simulation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the spin probes in a liquid-crystalline medium. To achieve the quantitative agreement of experimental and simulated EPR spectra, the hierarchy of the orientation order was explicitly taken into account, namely, the local ordering of liquid crystal molecules by the mean-field potential of surrounding molecules, and the partial disordering of local directors within the sample. The samples under study are planar and twist LC cells with liquid crystal 8CB cooled from the nematic into the smectic A phase in the magnetic field. The presence of the magnetic field perpendicular to the cell director leads to distortion of the orientation of the liquid crystal in the cell. The spin probe technique was successfully employed for the reliable measurement of orientation distribution functions of the low nonorthorhombic symmetry. Orientation order parameters up to 12th rank were measured, including nonaxial and nonorthorhombic order parameters. It is shown that the presence of several contradicting aligning forces leads to the tilt of the preferential director toward the direction, which is a compromise between the orienting forces.

Rotational Dynamics of Nitroxide Biradical in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Measured by Quantitative Simulation of EPR Spectra.

Temperature dependences of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of an imidazoline nitroxide biradical spin probe in a series of room-temperature ionic liquids in the temperature range 124-390 K have been quantitatively simulated. The unusual asymmetric EPR spectrum shape previously observed in these systems [Kokorin et al., Appl. Magn. Res. 48 (2016) 287] is shown to originate from anisotropic rotational diffusion of the probe molecule. All experimental spectra were quantitatively reproduced in simulation using a unified set of geometrical and magnetic parameters of the spin probe, which were found to be fully consistent with the biradical geometry obtained from density functional theory calculations. Temperature dependences of rotation diffusion coefficient of the probe characterize the molecular mobility of the ionic liquid, whereas the temperature dependences of the spin-exchange integral J and of the isotropic hyperfine interaction constant, aN, are shown to reflect the intramolecular conformation motions of the biradical probe.

Spin Probe Determination of Molecular Orientation Distribution and Rotational Mobility in Liquid Crystals: Model-Free Approach.

A model-free approach for simulation of EPR spectra of nitroxide spin probes in liquid-crystalline materials was suggested and used to obtain parameters of molecular orientation and rotational mobility. The developed method is based on experimental recording and numerical simulation of the angular dependence of EPR spectra, which is shown to be much more informative in comparison with a single EPR spectrum. Quantitative spectral simulations considering both local orientational ordering and distribution of local directors in the sample were used for discrimination of models of rotational mobility and orientational alignment. The method was applied for detailed quantitative characterization of axial, orthorhombic, and low-symmetry non-orthorhombic molecular orientation distributions. It is shown that the ordinarily used model of rotational diffusion in a mean-field potential is suitable for the description of molecular mobility and orientational ordering only for relatively low sample temperatures and low-mobility probe molecules with large sizes. In cases of high molecular mobility, the more realistic jump mechanism of molecular moves can be approximately described as quasi-librations. For ordered liquid crystals it was found that mostly the order parameters up to rank 12-14 are essential and easily determined. When well-aligned materials are described, the order parameters up to 18th rank or even higher become meaningful. Both molecular and sample biaxiality is analyzed and quantitatively characterized. The local molecular ordering and sample orientational alignment are quantitatively characterized separately.

[The Effect of Cortical Spreading Depression Wave on EEG Spectral Power Anaesthesed and Conscious Rats].

EEG power changes in anaesthetized and conscious rats were studied (under repeated experiments) in wide frequency band (0.1-200 Hz) during cortical spreading depression wave (SD). In anaesthetized rats the decrease of EEG spectral power was shown through all diapasons under consideration. The most pronounced decay of the EEG power was marked in the 30-40 Hz band (27.3 ± 18.5, p = 2.46 x 10-(11)). In other frequency ranges the power decrease was less but its significance remained high. In conscious rats the simultaneous decay of the EEG power from 20 to 100 Hz range was also the most informative index of SD wave. The maximum power loss was found for band 30-40 Hz (11.2 ± 7.8, p = 2.55 x 10(-7)). It was shown that besides of EEG power decay the development of SD wave was characterized by the appearance of high frequency activity in front of SD and at the end of it. The increase of high-frequency activity in front of SD wave appeared in the ipsilateral hemisphere and moved along the cortex with the velocity of the SD wave itself. However the bursts of high frequency activity at the end of unilateral SD occurred simultaneously in both hemispheres and lasted 1.5-2.5 min. Findings contribute to detection of SD wave on basis of EEG spectral analysis.

[Some aspects of lung cancer diagnosis based on methods of medical imaging].

The author's exam diagnostic features standard X-ray im- aging, X-ray computed tomography and bronchoscopy of lung cancer diagnosis on basis of tests diagnostic information value (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity).

Tomsk Polytechnic University cyclotron as a source for neutron based cancer treatment.

In this paper we present our cyclotron based neutron source with average energy 6.3 MeV generated during the 13.6 MeV deuterons interactions with beryllium target, neutron field dosimetry, and dosimetry of attendant gamma fields. We also present application of our neutron source for cancer treatment.

[Dynamics of driven rhythm in neuron in sensorimotor cerebral cortices in rabbit on electrodermal paw stimulation].

The dominant centre is a zone of proof higher excitation of neurons in the cortex of the brain, resulting from long stimulation or effector (in our case of a forepaw of an animal) or direct cortical representations of this effector. Besides of higher excitation and the firmness of excitation neurones, the dominant centre has two more very important properties--ability to summation (addition) coming to a cortex and extending on cortical neural networks excitations and inertia. Last property is shown what even in some days after the termination of the stimulations which have formed a dominant, in reply to testing stimulus (earlier indifferent for an animal) the centre is activated and puts in action effector. By means of irritation of a paw of rabbits rhythmic impulses of a current of threshold force us had been formed a rhythmic defensive dominant. Interconnected (coincidence) neuronal activity of the sensorimotor cortex of rabbits, in which the rhythmic defensive dominanta has been created, was investigated. Temporal of sequences intervals between the coincidence impulses in peaks of crosscorrelation histograms (CCH) was analyzed. Frequency of occurrence of the coincidence impulses (intervals between impulses), forming CCH was defined by means of "secondary" autocorrelation histograms (ACH) in during a minute. Peaks on "secondary" ACH showed prevalent intervals between of the coincidence impulses. For the further analysis only those peaks of "secondary" ACH, which prevailed over an average level of the histogram with significance p < 0.05 was used. It has been found that in the formed locus of the defensive dominant the coincidence impulses appear not only in the rhythm of stimulation applied in experiment-- s, but also in multiple beat to it (4, 6 and 8 s). Registration and analysis of neuronal activity were done after creation of a rhythmic dominant. At the beginning of each experiment (i.e. before a presentation of testing stimulus) single 2 --econd peaks were mainly observed, but doubles peaks of coincidence im-ulses appeared with latency 2, 4 or 6 s, were absent or appeared a few case. During application of testing stimulus a significant increase doubles peaks was observed. It is supposed, that application of testing stimulus strengthens already created earlier latent focus of excitation, which begin proved as a compli-ation of rhythm:.

[Time and space distribution of coincident impulses in closed neural circuits in the sensorimotor cortex of the rabbit (the rhythmical defensive dominanta)].

In the course of analysis of the conjugate unit activity of simultaneously recorded neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of rabbits, 22 closed neural circuits consisting of 3 or 4 neurons were considered. In the model of the defensive dominanta, 1-3 weeks after imposing rhythmic (2 s) activity to a rabbit, the distribution of coincident impulses was analyzed in real time. It was found out that the events when the coincident impulses of neural pairs were generated with two-second intervals could be shifted in time and space over a closed circuit of neurons in one direction. Two-second intervals between the coincident impulses of the neighboring pairs could be conjugate, i.e. the end of one interval in one pair coincided with the beginning of a two-second interval in the next pair. Conjugate intervals of the neighboring neural pairs could promote a pass-through of the information on the stimulus properties over the closed neuronal circuit, thus completing a full cycle. The longest passes-through lasted from 10 and 12 s. Also, more intricate variants of the information transfer were revealed. Thus, not only passes-through of the two- second intervals between the neuronal pairs were observed, but also, coincident impulses repeatedly occurred with this interval in some of the pairs of the circuits. The longest transitions lasted 16 and 22 s.

[Cortical network activity before behavioral reaction and before its omission in rabbits with defensive dominanta].

Defensive dominanta was formed in rabbit CNS. Activity of the cortical neuronal network was investigated in these rabbits in the state of quiet wakefulness and in the intervals between the presentations of testing stimulus (light flashes). Statistical analysis of spike trains revealed some distinctions in neuronal functional organizations in the excitation focus (sensorimotor cortex) and in the visual cortex in the states of quiet wakefulness, before the movement of the paw, and before the omission of the reaction. The evidence of different roles in the network activity of sensorimotor neurons that responded and not responded to light was obtained.

[Dynamics of driven rhythm in neuronal assemblies in sensorimotor and visual cerebral cortices in rabbit].

Coincident activity of pairs of neurons in the sensorimotor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex was studied in naive, learning, and trained rabbits during the formation of a hidden excitation focus in their central nervous system (a defensive dominanta) of the rhythmic nature. In the trained rabbits (as compared to the naive animals), percent of neuronal pairs (both neighboring and distant) in whose coincident activity the rhythm of stimulation prevailed was higher. In the visual cortex, percent of such pairs was significantly higher only for the distant neurons. Analysis of interaction between neurons in the visual and sensorimotor cortices revealed increasing the number of neuronal pairs with the driven rhythm while training. Such an increase was observed when both sensorimotor and visual neurons were considered as leading.

[Correlation between activities of neurons of sensorimotor and visual cortices after forming a hidden focus of excitation (defensive dominanta) in cortical representation of a forelimb in rabbits].

The interaction between neurons of sensorimotor and visual cortices was investigated by cross-correlation analysis. In this interaction, we examined the role of sensorimotor neurons responding to light. In rabbits with a hidden focus of excitation, neurons of the sensorimotor cortex responding to light significantly more often formed correlation joints with cells of the visual cortex than neurons not responding to light. On the other hand, neurons of the visual cortex significantly more often formed correlation joints with neurons of the sensorimotor cortex not responding to light.

[Provisionality phenomenon in the histo- organo- and systemogenesis].

This review summarizes the results of the study of the provisionality phenomenon in the development of the organs of the urinary system (mesonephros, metanephros) in viviparous (human, rat) and oviparous (bird) amniotes, human organs of mixed origin (pituitary, ovary, stomodeum) reparative regeneration of supporting tissues (in humans and Syrian hamster), morphogenesis of primary hepatic cancer developing against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. It is shown that during the development of tissues and organs, the stages of provisional and definitive histo- and organogenesis could be determined; saltatory mechanism is typical for embryonic organogenesis (formation of cartilaginous skeletal primordia, meso- and metanephrons) and foci of oncogenesis. Transformation zones of the type of tissue organization in the epithelium are located in the areas of contacts of the derivatives of different embryonic primordia. Mechanism of transformation of the epithelial layer of stomodeum and Rathke's pouch is provided by local activation of apoptosis and by the formation of the epithelial cells of a qualitatively new generation.

[Neuronal correlates of changes in the time parameters of motor reactions in rabbits after tonic immobilization].

The latent excitation focus in the sensorimotor cortex of rabbits was formed by a series of pulses of the threshold current applied on a paw with 2-second intervals. After repeated applications of the routine immobilization procedure, besides the 2-second starts of the paw in response to testing stimulus, spontaneous starts appeared with the intervals close to 3 and 4 seconds. The analysis of the coincident (interconnected) activity of pairs of nearby neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of three rabbits repeatedly exposed to the immobilization procedure showed that (a) in situations when animals made movements with the intervals of 2 seconds, the 2-second rhythm prevailed in the coincident activity of neurons; (b) during movements made with the 3-second interval, a 3-second rhythm was more frequently revealed in the coincident activity of cells, (c) in the situations when the animals did not make movements, either 2-, or 3-second rhythms were equiprobably observed in the connected activity of nearby neurons. In all these three situations, the 2-second rhythm prevailed in the connected activity of distant neurons, i.e., the rhythm which was imposed to animals during formation of the latent center of excitation.

Correlations between neuron activity in the sensorimotor cortex of the right and left hemispheres in rabbits during a defensive dominant and "animal hypnosis".

A latent focus of excitation with a rhythmic nature (a defensive dominant focus) was created in the CNS of rabbits. The focus was formed by threshold electrocutaneous stimulation of the left forelimb using series of impulses consisting of 15-20 stimuli with interstimulus intervals of 2 sec. The linked activity of cells in the sensorimotor cortex of the right and left hemispheres was analyzed. When cross-correlation histograms of the spike activity of sensorimotor cortex neurons in the left hemisphere were constructed and analyzed in relation to spikes of high and intermediate amplitude recorded in the right hemisphere, the linked activity of 15% and 23% of neuron pairs, respectively, showed predominance of a rhythm equal or close to the stimulation rhythm used to form the dominant focus. When the appearance times of spikes from neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the right hemisphere were analyzed in relation to spikes of high and intermediate amplitude recorded in the cortex of the left hemisphere, predominance of 2-sec rhythms was seen in the linked activity of only 3% and 10% of neuron pairs, respectively. After induction of "animal hypnosis," differences between the hemispheres in relation to this measure leveled out.

[Surgeon's strategy in forming large intestine anastomoses].

The article includes experience with treatment of 103 patients with the formed different large intestine anastomoses. Primary operations for cancer of the rectum were made on 76 patients, restorative operations--on 27 patients. The following techniques were used: manual formation of the large intestine anastomosis, apparatus anastomoses using AKA-2, "ETHICON CDH" and double apparatuses method using "CONTOUR" and "ETHICON CDH". It was found that the application of stitching apparatuses required shorter time necessary for applying large intestine anastomosis and for operation. When forming the large intestine anastomoses in the abdominal cavity the manual method should be preferred. The formation of anastomosis in the small pelvis cavity is accompanied by technical problems and requires using stitching apparatuses. The method using apparatuses "CONTOUR" and "ETHICON CDH" decreases the number of postoperative complications and can extend the list of indications for performing sphincter-sparing operations.

[Correlations of activity of neurons of sensorimotor cortex of the right and left brain hemispheres of rabbits during defensive dominant and "animal hypnosis"].

A hidden excitation focus of the rhythmic nature (a rhythmic defensive dominant focus) was produced in the rabbit's CNS. The focus was formed by means of threshold electrodermal stimulation of the left forelimb by series of pulses consisting of 15-20 stimuli with 2 s intervals between the pulses. Correlated activity of cells in the sensorimotor cortex of the right and left brain hemispheres was analyzed. In cases when crosscorrelation histograms were constructed by the results of the analysis of discharges of the left-side cortical of neurons regarding high- and middle-amplitude pulses in a right hemisphere, 15 and 23 % of correlated neural pairs, respectively, revealed the prevalence of the rhythm identical or close to the initial rhythm of stimulation that formed the hidden excitation focus. In contrast, in cases when the same analysis was applied to the right-side cortical neurons regarding high- and middle-amplitude discharges in the left hemisphere, prevalence of the dominant 2-second rhythm was revealed in correlated activity of only 3 and 10% of neural pairs, respectively. After the exposure to "animal hypnosis" procedure, the distinctions between the brain in this parameter were eliminated.

Linked activity of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the rabbit in the state of a defensive dominant and "animal hypnosis".

A cryptic focus of excitation (a dominant focus) was created in the brains of rabbits by threshold stimulation of the left limb with a current at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. After creation of a focus, there were equal probabilities of detecting pairs of neurons whose linked activity was dominated by a 2-sec rhythm in the sensorimotor cortex of both the right and left hemispheres (29.3% and 32.4%, respectively). When animals were placed in "animal hypnosis," the total proportion of neuron pairs whose activity was dominated by the rhythm created by establishment of the dominant decreased significantly only in the right hemisphere (21%). After exiting the state of animal hypnosis, the proportion of neurons in the cortex of the right hemisphere whose activity was dominated by the 2-sec rhythm increased significantly if the neurons in the pair were close-lying but decreased significantly if the neurons in the pair were mutually distant. No such changes after hypnotization were seen in the cortex of the left hemisphere. In both the right and left hemispheres, dominance of the 2-sec rhythm in the activity of pairs of neurons was seen significantly more frequently when cross-correlation histograms were constructed by analyzing cells in relation to the spike activity of neurons generating spikes of the lowest (right hemisphere) or lowest and intermediate (left hemisphere) amplitude on neurograms of multineuron activity.