[The approach to the regulation of mercury according to the content of its termoforms in soils and bed loads].

The article contains the results of the ecological and hygienic diagnostics of conditions of lands of areas of different sizes and varying degrees of urbanization, located in different agro-climatic conditions of European Russia (the southern Astrakhan region, he city of Moscow). Assessments of the state of territories use a new approach to rationing of Hg according to quantitative ratios of the content of its thermoforms in soils, grounds and alluvium (in litho substrate). The method of diagnostics is based on known properties of Hg forms: their geochemical activity (migration mobility) and toxicity decline along with the increment of the Hg temperature threshold of the release in the process of continuous warming up of the litho substrate sample (up to 1100°C). Thermoforms are not tied to specific minerals or chemicals and are conditionally designated as FR (Free: <180°C), CL (Chloride: 180-250°C), FS and CS (physically and chemically sorbed: 250-400°C), SU (Sulfide: 400-500°C) IS (isomorphic: >500°C) Hg forms. Among forms, also conditionally according to complexes of low, medium and high temperature variations(FR + CL, FS + CS and SU + IZ, respectively, there are selected groups of «mobile¼, «sustainable¼ and «inert¼ forms. For technogenic Hg there is characterized the predominance in the sample of «mobile¼ and to lesser extent degree - «stable¼ thermoforms. The more intensive this predominance is, the higher is environmental hazard. The natural accumulation is diagnosed by the presence and prevalence of the sum of moderate - and high-temperature inert forms of Hg. According to the ratios of Hg content, its forms and groups, as well as the density of correlationships between them, 6 indices of the conditions of soils and alluvium were developed by ourselves.Main coefficients out of indices on informativeness of results of diagnostics are the following factors: Endogenous input, Geochemical activity and Hg mobility. With regard to the combination of variability in indices, the total amount of Hg, the genesis and intensity of its accumulation (natural or anthropogenic), there were also developed ranking scales of the ecological and hygienic condition of the land areas and surface water bodies. As a result, on the base of such approach to the regulation of Hg the information value of assessments of mercury contamination of land significantly increased. At the objects of assessments there were identified following areas: foci of the manifestation of Hg hypolimnetic emanations on the landscape surface - dispersion halos in the areas of the Earth crust fracture (the dome of the Astrakhan gas condensate field); environmentally dangerous (sometimes even at a low total content of Hg) parts of cities, towns, their districts, as well as beds of watercourses and water reservoirs bottom (the Volga river valley and delta, the Lefortovo quarter in Moscow). There was also diagnosed the threshold of the background distribution of gross Hg content detected = 0.2-0.3 mg/kg. Its magnitude is consistent with domestic and abroad safe levels of Hg accumulation in soils = 0.3-0.4 mg/kg. The approach provides the differentiation of the environmental hazard lands. Technology of the approach can be used in the development of normative Document for the diagnosis of environmental and sanitary condition of territories in the system of Classifications of hazard of waste, in decontamination of territories, water areas and land zoning according to the criteria of natural or anthropogenic Hg accumulation.

Spin-orbit-driven magnetic structure and excitation in the 5d pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7.

Much consideration has been given to the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in 5d oxides, particularly on the formation of novel electronic states and manifested metal-insulator transitions (MITs). SOC plays a dominant role in 5d(5) iridates (Ir(4+)), undergoing MITs both concurrent (pyrochlores) and separated (perovskites) from the onset of magnetic order. However, the role of SOC for other 5d configurations is less clear. For example, 5d(3) (Os(5+)) systems are expected to have an orbital singlet with reduced effective SOC. The pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7 nonetheless exhibits a MIT entwined with magnetic order phenomenologically similar to pyrochlore iridates. Here, we resolve the magnetic structure in Cd2Os2O7 with neutron diffraction and then via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering determine the salient electronic and magnetic energy scales controlling the MIT. In particular, SOC plays a subtle role in creating the electronic ground state but drives the magnetic order and emergence of a multiple spin-flip magnetic excitation.

[Ecological and hygienic condition urbanized area in the geographical center of New Moscow].

The evaluation of ecological and hygienic condition of the environment was performed by ourselves in the geographical center of New Moscow--in the city of Troitsk. There was made an analysis as the published results of similar assessments in the times of the 1990s, data of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare concerning the control for soils quality (at a single point of the city) and drinking water for 2010-2011, and the author's materials on the chemical contamination of soils and grounds in July 2013. Local foci of moderately dangerous pollution of soil were found at lots close to the motorway and in the Worsted factory: Zc (SrBaCrVNiCoCuAgZnPbBeMoWB) = 17-20, benzo (a) pyrene to 218 mcg/kg and Zn up to 233.4 mg/kg. At the point of monitoring soils complied with the requirements according to toxicological, microbiological and parasitological characteristics.. In the drinking tap water there was observed, along with the increased total hardness, the presence up to 1.6 MAC of such natural pollutants as F and Li. In the undergrounds potable water the situation is worsening according to the content of Si, As, B, Br, U. There was no monitoring of surface water and air. However, pockets of soil contamination trace the possible occurrence in the air near the ground of hygienically dangerous anomalies of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Modern ecological and sanitary situation in Troitsk, in general, can be considered to be quite safe if compared to the quality of the environment in industrialized cities. The thing that does cause concern is the quality of drinking water.

[Diagnosis of the territories with the use of integral indices of chemical contamination of soil and grounds, relied on the background and hygienic standards].

Analysis of the efficiency of diagnosis of lands for different functional appropriations with integral indices of chemical contamination of soils and grounds under different environmental conditions showed: the greatest accuracy of the information about the structure and degree of contamination of territories is provided by the index relying on hygienic standard (index of soil contamination, ISC). The number of hygienically dangerous lithochemical anomalies revealed by ISC is several times more than the fixed by the index of total pollution of soils by trace elements (Zc), focused only on their background levels. Index Zc is in many respects subjective and unacceptable in complex soil geochemical conditions where the selection of the regional background is impossible. ISC account not only in trace elements, but other hygienically regulated substances (As, Hg, mobile forms of metals, water-soluble salts, carbohydrates, etc.) either.

[Analysis of the informative value of integral indicators of chemical soil contamination in the evaluation of the status of areas].

The analysis of the informative value of integral indicators of chemical soil contamination in the diagnosis of the status of lands used for different functional purposes has ascertained that the highest validity of information on the pattern and degree of area pollutions is achieved using by the indicator based on hygienic standards (soil pollution index (SPI)). The Xc index based on the background content of trace elements is largely subjective and unacceptable in complex soil geochemical conditions where the regional background (a railway, the Karelian Isthmus) cannot be chosen. SPI accounts for the values of not only trace elements, but also other hygienically regulated substances (As, Hg, mobile forms of metals, hydrocarbons, etc.). The quantity of hygienically dangerous lithochemical anomalies found by means of SPI is several times greater than that by means of Zc (settlements, the Volga delta).

[The methodological aspects of identifying the etiological significance of anthropogenic pollution in the genesis of chronic bronchitis]. / Metodicheskie aspekty identifikatsii étiologicheskoi znachimosti antropogennykh zagriaznenii v geneze khronicheskogo bronkhita.

The paper is concerned with multifactorial assessment of the air anthropogenic contamination effect on development of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases, chronic bronchitis (CB) in particular. Methodological approaches to identify etiological significance of anthropogenic effects in CB genesis include measurements of the air contaminants, calculation of the total contamination index, selection of the study and control territories, analysis of medical documents, conduction of wide-scale medical examinations. CB developing in the conditions of the above contamination is characterized by obstructions, bronchospastic components, other separate or systemic disorders.

[Etiology of acute bronchitis in adults]. / Etiologiia ostrogo bronkhita u vzroslykh.

A total of 126 adult patients with acute bronchitis were subjected to microbiological, virological and immunological examination. Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections were detected in 104 (82.5%) cases of acute bronchitis. The results of microbiological examination and the study of local and systemic immunity showed that in 94.4 +/- 2.6% of the patients the development of acute bronchitis was linked with the appearance of acute pneumococcal infection irrespective of the presence, or absence, of virologically and serologically confirmed acute viral or mycoplasmal infections.