[The agronomical and radiological estimation of application of different kinds and dozes of organic fertilizers at improvement waterless valley types meadows contamination 137Cs and 90Sr].

On the basis of agronomical, economic and radiological estimations of results of long-term researches with organic fertilizers (peat, sapropel, manure, mixes manure and peat) it is established, that is effective at improvement of the waterless meadows on sod-podsolic sandy soils contaminated by radionuclides to bring in 40-60 t/ha mixes manure and peat or covering the manure, on a background liming and mineral fertilizers (level of profitability--4.8-8.7%), providing reception of the maximal increase of a crop (6.0-7.5 t/ha of hay) and decrease to 10 times of size of transfer factors of 137Cs and to 3.0 times 90Sr in a crop of long-term cereal herbs (size of the prevented collective doze, deltaD - 0.0060-0.0065 man-Sv per one year; cost of the prevented collective doze, deltaepsilon--11500-13000 $ on 1 man-Sv annually. The application of 40 and 60 t/ga of peat and sapropel in the pure state on a background liming and mineral fertilizers is not expedient, as cost of additional production does not cover total expenses for their entering (level of profitability--20-32.0%), the and cost of the prevented collective doze exceeds 20000 $ US per 1 man-Sv annually.

[Radiological estimation of the protective measures used in agricultural complex of Belarus Republic in 2000-2005 (20 years after the accident on the Chernobyl NPP)].

The radiological estimation of the basic agrochemistry measures spent for the agriculture of the Republic of Belarus in 2000-2005 is given. Laws of behavior radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in agrosystems are considered depending on used protective a measures (countermeasures) and the primary goals on liquidation of consequences in sphere of agrarian and industrial complex which are necessary for solving during the remote period after accident ChNNP (in 2006-2010) are studied.

Twenty years' application of agricultural countermeasures following the Chernobyl accident: lessons learned.

The accident at the Chernobyl NPP (nuclear power plant) was the most serious ever to have occurred in the history of nuclear energy. The consumption of contaminated foodstuffs in affected areas was a significant source of irradiation for the population. A wide range of different countermeasures have been used to reduce exposure of people and to mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident for agriculture in affected regions in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. This paper for the first time summarises key data on countermeasure application over twenty years for all three countries and describes key lessons learnt from this experience.

[The dependence of accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the forages cultivation degree of sod-podzolic soils].

For prognosis of accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in forages harvested in radionuclide contaminated sod-podzolic soils, it is suggested to use transfer factors (TF9a) (Bq/kg)/(kBq/m2)) established not only by the content of mobile potassium (137Cs, r = -0.53) and the value of exchange acidity (90Sr, r = -0.73), but also by the index of agrochemical soil cultivation I(cd) (137Cs, r = -0.69; 90Sr, r = -0.64). The possibility of obtaining forages conforming to the state standards on the haymaking and pasture areas with high density of radioactive contamination of soils was shown by the example of "Sudkovo" collective farm. The approach is based on achievement of a high degree of cultivation (l(cd) - 0.81-1.0) due to a complex of protective measures, which resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs and a 4-fold decrease in the activity of 90Sr, compared to the soils with a low degree of cultivation (I(cd) - 0.41-0.60).