[Medichronal lowers blood ethanol and acetaldehyde and restores the concentration of catecholamines in rat tissues]. / Medikhronal znyzhuie vmist etanolu ta atsetal'dehidu v krovi i vidnovliuie kontsentratsiiu katekholaminiv u tkanynakh shchuriv.

Variation of ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in blood, catecholamines in hypothalamus, brain stem and hemispheres, heart and adrenal glands, serotonin in the same structures of the brain, thin intestine and blood in rats was studied. Isolated action of medichronal during 10 days against the background of prolonged administration of moderate doses of ethanol significantly lowered ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration in the animal blood. Medichronal increased the level of noradrenaline, lowered under the conditions of ethanol intoxication in the hypothalamus, and increased adrenalina level in the heart; noradrenaline level in adrenal glands is restored. The amount of serotonin in the blood and tissues increased under the conditions of ethanol intoxication did not vary under the action of medichronal. The obtained results indicate to pronounced detoxication influence of medichronal. One of the mechanisms of its action is normalizing the catecholamine changes caused by the ethanol intoxication in tissues.

[The new anti-alcohol preparation medikhronal: changes in the level of ethanol, acetaldehyde and monoamines during the treatment of alcoholism patients]. / Novyi antialkogol'nyi preparat medikhronal: izmenenie soderzhaniia étanola, atsetal'degida i monoaminov pri lechenii bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

Treating patients with stage-II alcoholism with medichronal and unithiol sharply decreases blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde. Medichronal restores the decreased level of norepinephrine excretion in 25% of patients and the increased level of epinephrine in 43%. The high baseline concentration of serotonin dropped in 41%, however, its level remained higher than in the controls. There was a negative correlation between the changes of ethanol concentrations and the excretion of norepinephrine. There was a direct dependence between the changes in the norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio and the serotonin concentration.

[The action of medikhronal (glucose-glycine-formate) on catecholamine excretion in alcoholics]. / Deistvie medikhronala (gliuzkozo-glitsin-formiata) na ékskretsiiu katekholaminov u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

The application of the novel antialcoholic drug Medichronal mainly results in normalization of dyscatecholaminemias, by lowering or elevating noradrenaline or adrenaline levels. This effect is similar to that produced by unitiol that is conventionally used in nacrological care. The changes in catecholamine levels occur in various dyscatecholaminemias characterized by a high or low excretion of biogenic monoamines. Before and after therapy, in some patients, the concentrations of catecholamines do not differ from those in healthy persons.

[The effect of protamine on cholesterol, triglycerides and blood serum proteins during the dynamics of experimental hypercholesterolemia]. / Deistvie protamina na kholesterin, triglitseridy i belki syvorotki krovi v dinamike éksperimental'noi giperkholesterinemii.

Content of total proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides was studied in the blood serum and lipoprotein fractions of rabbits after administration of protamine within 1, 3 and 7 months of hypercholesterolemia development. The protamine effect was accompanied by "equalization" of cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, as compared with their alteration in hypercholesterolemia, by stabilization of their content in various periods of the disease, but at the higher level than that of intact animals. The phenomenon observed occurred mainly in lipid components of LDL and VLDL subfractions. Analysis of alterations in the content of cholesterol and proteins in HDL and apo B-containing fractions showed that administration of protamine during long-term hypercholesterolemia led to development of antiatherogenic symptoms. Proatherogenic alterations in lipoprotein composition, developed during hypercholesterolemia, appear to be inhibited by protamine.

[The action of teturam and acetaldehyde on the tissue catecholamines of rats]. / Deistvie teturama i atsetal'degida na katekholaminy tkanei krys.

The results of the isolated and combined effects of teturam and acetaldehyde indicate that a decrease of noradrenaline levels in the brain and heart is induced by teturam. An increase of adrenaline content in the hypothalamus is determined by acetaldehyde. In the adrenals the agents produce the oppositely directed changes in catecholamine content. Against the background of chronic administration of acetaldehyde teturam potentiates its influence on changes in noradrenaline levels in all tissues except the adrenals and adrenaline levels in the hypothalamus and brain stem.

[Effect of protamine on the composition of blood lipoproteins at various periods of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits]. / Diia protaminu na sklad lipoproteïniv krovi u rizni periody giperkholesterynemiï u kroliv.

Protamine has been studied for its effect on changes in the protein-lipid composition of main fractions of blood lipoproteins in different periods (1- and 7-months) of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Daily introduction of protamine to intact animals for 30 days did not change the studied parameters. Results of analysis of the protamine action against the background of the 1-month hypercholesterolemia testify to an increase of the protein and cholesterin concentration in apoB-containing lipoproteins. A moderate increase of the cholesterin concentration in the HDL composition has been observed, the protein concentration remaining at high level. The atherogenic diet for 7 month has induced in animals subjected to its dyslipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis of vessels. Under these conditions protamine has inhibited "proatherogenic" alterations in the composition of lipoproteins. The concentration of protein, cholesterin and triglycerides in the apoB-containing fractions decreased and the concentration of total cholesterin and triglycerides in the blood serum fell considerably.

[Acetaldehyde in the cardiotoxic mechanism of action of alcohol: effects on cardiac and adrenal catecholamines]. / Atsetal'degid v mekhanizmakh kardiotoksicheskikh éffektov alkogolia: deistvie na katekholaminy serdtsa i nadpochechnikov.

How the levels of rat cardiac, adrenal, and epinephrine and norepinephrine change with acetaldehyde and ethanol given alone or in combination during their acute and chronic administration was examined. In some series of experiments, acetaldehyde and ethanol were used in combination with teturam. The findings suggest that the coupling of two negative processes--a reduction in cardiac norepinephrine levels, which is associated mainly with the effects produced by ethanol, and an increase in epinephrine concentrations, which is apparently induced by acetaldehyde--may be one of the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular abnormalities in alcoholic intoxication. Acetaldehyde modifies the regulatory effect of the sympathoadrenal system on cardiac function, causing adrenal catecholamine imbalance.

[Blood lipoproteins in modeling of atherosclerosis and administration of protamine]. / Lipoproteiny krovi pri modelirovanii ateroskleroza i vvedenii protamina.

The influence of protamine on the HDL, LDL, VLDL species concentration variation as well as on their cholesterol and protein content in respect to total blood serum cholesterol in different periods (1 and 7 months) of hypercholesteremia in rabbits is investigated. Daily administration of protamine (10 mg/kg) during 30 days to intact animals did not change the investigated parameters. In the early period of hypercholesteremia protamine considerably increased the content of all lipoprotein fractions. Under the conditions of prolonged hypercholesteremia the LDL and VLDL concentrations decreased by 23 and 60 per cent, respectively; HDL increased by 101 per cent.

[Catecholamines in the tissues and blood of rats after administration of acetaldehyde and ethanol]. / Katekholaminy tkanei i krovi krys pri deistvii acetal'degida i étanola.

Acetaldehyde alone and in combination with acute and chronic ethanol intoxication has been studied for its effect on the concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different brain areas, in the heart muscle, in adrenals and blood plasma of rats. Acetaldehyde is shown to enhance the epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in the brain areas which are non-specific for neuromediation of the mentioned catecholamines. The joint administration of acetaldehyde and ethanol increased the epinephrine concentration in adrenals probably due to the effect of acetaldehyde. On the contrary, the norepinephrine concentration in the heart decreased because of the action of ethanol. The authors' data show that acetaldehyde becomes an inductor of the mechanisms of hormone-mediator dissociation, thus altering the functions of vegetative-adrenal system. The results of the investigation support the hypothesis that acetaldehyde plays a significant role among pathogenic factors of ethanol intoxication, since it changes in a special way the catecholamine concentration in the brain and in peripheral tissues.

[The role of acetaldehyde in the effect of alcohol on the central catecholaminergic mechanisms]. / Rol' atsetal'degida v deistvii alkogolia na tsentral'nye katekho- laminergicheskie mekhanizmy.

Variations in the concentration of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were examined in the hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebral hemispheres under the influence of acetaldehyde and ethanol given alone and combined in single and chronic doses. In some experiments acetaldehyde and ethanol were administered in combination with teturam. The data obtained attest to an important role of acetaldehyde in disturbing the catecholamine mechanisms under alcoholization. As for the hypothalamus, the action of acetaldehyde manifests in the coupling of the two oppositely directed processes--a decrease of NA concentration and a rise of A concentration. In contrast to the other study brain structures, in the cerebral hemispheres acetaldehyde combined with teturam reduces the level of NA and A.