Economic impact of improving patient safety using Sugammadex for routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agents are often administered to facilitate tracheal intubation and prevent patient movement during surgical procedures requiring the use of general anesthetics. Incomplete reversal of NMB, can lead to residual NMB, which can increase the risk of post-operative pulmonary complications. Sugammadex is indicated to reverse neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium in adults. The aim of this study is to estimate the clinical and economic impact of introducing sugammadex to routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) with rocuronium in Spain. METHODS: A decision analytic model was constructed reflecting a set of procedures using rocuronium that resulted in moderate or deep NMB at the end of the procedure. Two scenarios were considered for 537,931 procedures using NMB agents in Spain in 2015: a scenario without sugammadex versus a scenario with sugammadex. Comparators included neostigmine (plus glycopyrrolate) and no reversal agent. The total costs for the healthcare system were estimated from the net of costs of reversal agents and overall cost offsets via reduction in postoperative pneumonias and atelectasis for which incidence rates were based on a Spanish real-world evidence (RWE) study. The model time horizon was assumed to be one year. Costs were expressed in 2019 euros (€) and estimated from the perspective of a healthcare system. One-way sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying each parameter included in the model within a range of +/- 50%. RESULTS: The estimated budget impact of the introduction of sugammadex to the routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade in Spanish hospitals was a net saving of €57.1 million annually. An increase in drug acquisition costs was offset by savings in post-operative pulmonary events, including 4806 post-operative pneumonias and 13,996 cases of atelectasis. The total cost of complications avoided was €70.4 million. All parameters included in the model were tested in sensitivity analysis and were favorable to the scenario with sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: This economic analysis shows that sugammadex can potentially lead to cost savings for the reversal of rocuronium-induced moderate or profound NMB compared to no reversal and reversal with neostigmine in the Spanish health care setting. The economic model was based on data obtained from Spain and from assumptions from clinical practice and may not be valid for other countries.

Survival outcomes in patients aged 75 years and over with peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): multicenter study of the Spanish Group of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery (GECOP).

BACKGROUND: The attitude toward cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC in peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer is unclear. The aim of this study is to report the perioperative outcomes after cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC in patients ≥ 75 years. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study collected the data the Spanish Group of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery. Thirty-six patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer met the selection criteria for the study. Morbidity, mortality, disease-free and overall survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Morbidity (grade III-IV) was 17% and 2 patients died of complications related to the procedure (5.4%). Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 16 months. DFS at 1 and 3 years was 81% and 42%, respectively. Overall survival at 1 and 3 years was 96% and 75%. In the univariate analysis, preoperative comorbidities (p = 0.01), liver metastases (p = 0.02), blood transfusion (p = 0.001) and postoperative complications (p = 0.001); and in the multivariate analysis, perioperative blood transfusion (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.95-6.24, p = 0.03) and postoperative complications (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.35-7.56, p = 0.02) were associated with a lower overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Age is not an absolute contraindication to perform cytoreduction surgery with HIPEC in highly selected elderly patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Mortality of septic old and adult male mice correlates with individual differences in premorbid behavioral phenotype and acute-phase sickness behavior.

Individual differences in premorbid behaviors and in those exhibited in the course of an infection disease may be useful to explain the individual susceptibility to infections, the underlying neuroimmunological mechanisms and be helpful to design patient oriented treatments with better prediction of pharmacological reactivity/outcome. Age (old) and gender (male) are also considered vulnerability factors. In the present study, the motor, emotional, anxious-like and social phenotypes of adult (6-month-old) and old (18-month-old) male C57BL/6 × 129Sv mice were determined using both a transversal and longitudinal designs prior to the analysis of LPS (150 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced sickness behavior and mortality. The results show: i) Individual premorbid behavioral phenotype had short- and long-term predictive value of hours of survival; ii) Persistence of behavioral traits from adulthood to old age and predictive value on hours of survival; iii) First signs of sickness behavior were also predicting mortality, mostly in old animals; iv) LPS-sickness behavior was the same at both ages but adult animals were able to show attempts of motor recovery; v) The mortality rate over 96 h was 100% in both ages, but old animals showed shorter survival times. In summary, these results confirm the relevance of age/aging but also individual behavioral differences in the premorbid phenotype and the morbidity response to the LPS-induced-sepsis that correlate with the individual's mortality. Thus, this work supports the translational scenarios to study personalized evaluation of risks factors and psycho-neuro-immunological mechanisms relevant for better interventions and prognosis in the critically ill young but specially aged patient population.

Determining personalized treatment by gene expression profiling in metastatic breast carcinoma patients: a pilot study

Purpose: The present study evaluates the massive study of gene expression in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) patients using microarray gene expression profiling (MAGE) complemented with conventional sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent "in situ" hybridization (FISH), seeking to optimize the treatment in a subset of heavily pretreated patients and with limited life expectancy. Patients, material and methods: MBC patients in hormone therapy progression with survival expectancy of at least 3 months (m) have been included. The MAGE contains gene probes representing genes known to potentially interact with available drugs as cited in the literature. Results: Thirty-nine procedures were performed from October 2010 to April 2016. Within the 30 evaluable procedures, considering all hormonal manipulations as a single line, the patients had received a median of 4 treatment lines prior to MAGE (range 1-7). Progression was observed in 6 cases, stable disease (SD) in 7 cases and partial response (PR) in 16 cases, which implies a clinical benefit rate (SD + PR) of 76%. Actuarial median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 m (95% CI 2.5-9.5) in patients with clinical benefit. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire series was 11 m (95% CI 2.2-19.8). Conclusion: Data presented here indicate that the use of MAGE provides relevant information to establish personalized treatment in frail patients with limited life expectancy in which therapeutic futility is a particularly difficult burden to assume

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Determining personalized treatment by gene expression profiling in metastatic breast carcinoma patients: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluates the massive study of gene expression in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) patients using microarray gene expression profiling (MAGE) complemented with conventional sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent "in situ" hybridization (FISH), seeking to optimize the treatment in a subset of heavily pretreated patients and with limited life expectancy. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: MBC patients in hormone therapy progression with survival expectancy of at least 3 months (m) have been included. The MAGE contains gene probes representing genes known to potentially interact with available drugs as cited in the literature. RESULTS: Thirty-nine procedures were performed from October 2010 to April 2016. Within the 30 evaluable procedures, considering all hormonal manipulations as a single line, the patients had received a median of 4 treatment lines prior to MAGE (range 1-7). Progression was observed in 6 cases, stable disease (SD) in 7 cases and partial response (PR) in 16 cases, which implies a clinical benefit rate (SD + PR) of 76%. Actuarial median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 m (95% CI 2.5-9.5) in patients with clinical benefit. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire series was 11 m (95% CI 2.2-19.8). CONCLUSION: Data presented here indicate that the use of MAGE provides relevant information to establish personalized treatment in frail patients with limited life expectancy in which therapeutic futility is a particularly difficult burden to assume.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours in elderly patients: is it justified?

Background. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours are widespread in the world. It is unclear what should be the attitude in elderly patients. Methods. This retrospective multicenter study collected the database from ten Spanish centers from Spanish Group of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery. The study period was between November 2002 and March 2014. Seventeen patients with age greater than or equal to 75 years with peritoneal carcinomatosis from pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours met the selection criteria for the study. Outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality such as disease-free and overall survival were analyzed. Results. Median PCI was 16 (range 6–39). Ten postoperative adverse events were detected in nine patients (44.4%). 28% were grade I–II and 17% were grade III–IV. Disease-free survival at 1 and 3 years was 67 and 44%, respectively. Overall survival at 1 and 3 years was 100 and 88%, respectively. Only cytoreduction was related to worst disease free survival after univariate (p = 0.007) and multivariate (OR 11.639, 95% CI 1.24–109.74, p = 0.03) analyses. Cytoreduction was related to the worst overall survival after univariate analysis (p = 0.046). Conclusion. Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours in elderly patients it is a procedure with feasible postoperative morbi-mortality and survival outcomes. Trial registration researchregistry1587 (retrospectively registered) (AU)

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Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours in elderly patients: Is it justified?

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours are widespread in the world. It is unclear what should be the attitude in elderly patients. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study collected the database from ten Spanish centers from Spanish Group of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery. The study period was between November 2002 and March 2014. Seventeen patients with age greater than or equal to 75 years with peritoneal carcinomatosis from pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours met the selection criteria for the study. Outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality such as disease-free and overall survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Median PCI was 16 (range 6-39). Ten postoperative adverse events were detected in nine patients (44.4%). 28% were grade I-II and 17% were grade III-IV. Disease-free survival at 1 and 3 years was 67 and 44%, respectively. Overall survival at 1 and 3 years was 100 and 88%, respectively. Only cytoreduction was related to worst disease free survival after univariate (p = 0.007) and multivariate (OR 11.639, 95% CI 1.24-109.74, p = 0.03) analyses. Cytoreduction was related to the worst overall survival after univariate analysis (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendix tumours in elderly patients it is a procedure with feasible postoperative morbi-mortality and survival outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: researchregistry1587 (retrospectively registered).

Morbidity and mortality outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients aged 75 years and over: Spanish group of peritoneal cancer surgery (GECOP) multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to report the perioperative outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients ≥75 years from a Spanish multi-institutional experience. METHODS: This multi-institutional retrospectively analyzed a prospectively collected clinical data from 10 Spanish hospitals that are part of the Spanish Group Peritoneal Cancer Surgery (GECOP). We assessed postoperative morbidity rates and performed univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with overall (grade I-IV) and major (grade III-IV) postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients aged ≥75 years were included. Forty six postoperative adverse events were detected in 37 patients (43.5%). Twenty five complications in 20 patients (23.5%) were mild (grade I-II) and 16 complications in 12 patients (14.1%) were moderate-severe (grade III-IV). Five patients died in the first 90 days after the procedure (5.9%). After multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with postoperative complications were: PCI> 12 (OR: 4.14, 95% CI 1.22-14.12, p = 0.043) and the need for perioperative blood transfusion (OR: 14.91, 95% CI 3.87-57.46, p < 0.001). Regarding grade III-IV complications, after multivariate analysis, the presence of preoperative albumin levels <3.5 mgr/dl (OR: 9.15, 95% CI 1.38-60.57, p = 0.017), need for diaphragmatic peritonectomy procedures (OR: 11.32, 95% CI 1.40-91.32, p = 0.023) and perioperative blood transfusion (OR: 8.58, 95% CI 1.44-51.16, p = 0.018) were independent factors. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery and performing HIPEC by experienced groups in selected patients aged ≥75 years can be performed with morbidity and mortality similar to that described in the literature.

Recommendations in the management of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms and peritoneal dissemination from mucinous tumours (pseudomyxoma peritonei)

The epithelial appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon and are usually detected as an unexpected surgical finding. The general surgeon should be aware of the diversity of its clinical manifestations and biological behaviors along with the significance of the surgical treatment on the progression of the illness and the prognosis of the patients. The operative findings and, especially, tumor histology, determine the type of surgery. Intestinal histologic subtype behaves and should be treated similarly to the right colon neoplasms; while mucinous tumors, often discordant between histology and its aggressiveness, can be treated with a simple appendectomy or require complex oncological surgeries. Mucinous tumors are often associated with the presence of mucin or tumor implants in the abdominal cavity, being the clinical syndrome known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). PMP tends to present an indolent but deadly evolution and requires a multimodal approach as a single treatment with curative potential: complete cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic Intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CCRS ? HIPEC) now considered the standard of care in this pathology. The general surgeon should be aware of the governing principles of the treatment of appendiceal neoplasms with or without peritoneal dissemination, know the therapeutic frontiers in every situation (avoiding unnecessary or counterproductive surgeries) and sending early these patients to specialised centres in the radical management of malignant diseases of the peritoneum in the conditions and with the necessary information to facilitate a possible radical treatment (AU)

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Recommendations in the management of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms and peritoneal dissemination from mucinous tumours (pseudomyxoma peritonei).

The epithelial appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon and are usually detected as an unexpected surgical finding. The general surgeon should be aware of the diversity of its clinical manifestations and biological behaviors along with the significance of the surgical treatment on the progression of the illness and the prognosis of the patients. The operative findings and, especially, tumor histology, determine the type of surgery. Intestinal histologic subtype behaves and should be treated similarly to the right colon neoplasms; while mucinous tumors, often discordant between histology and its aggressiveness, can be treated with a simple appendectomy or require complex oncological surgeries. Mucinous tumors are often associated with the presence of mucin or tumor implants in the abdominal cavity, being the clinical syndrome known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). PMP tends to present an indolent but deadly evolution and requires a multimodal approach as a single treatment with curative potential: complete cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic Intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (CCRS + HIPEC) now considered the standard of care in this pathology. The general surgeon should be aware of the governing principles of the treatment of appendiceal neoplasms with or without peritoneal dissemination, know the therapeutic frontiers in every situation (avoiding unnecessary or counterproductive surgeries) and sending early these patients to specialised centres in the radical management of malignant diseases of the peritoneum in the conditions and with the necessary information to facilitate a possible radical treatment.

Manejo de la masa suprarrenal: lo que el urólogo debe saber / Management of adrenal mass: What urologist should know

El incidentaloma suprarrenal es una entidad en aumento en la práctica clínica habitual debido al gran número de exploraciones radiológicas que se realizan. No existen guías clínicas publicadas sobre el manejo del incidentaloma suprarrenal apoyadas por ninguna sociedad científica. Toda masa suprarrenal debe ser estudiada para descartar malignidad o hipersecreción hormonal. Creemos que la patología suprarrenal quirúrgica debe ser manejada por el urólogo, por ser la especialidad que mayor relación tiene con en el retroperitoneo alto. El objetivo de esta revisión es desarrollar los aspectos fundamentales que el urólogo debe saber en el manejo de las masas suprarrenales. Conjuntamente con el servicio de endocrinología de nuestro hospital describimos los principales estudios a realizar ante el diagnóstico de una masa suprarrenal y el esquema terapéutico vigente en nuestro centro (AU)

Adrenal incidentaloma's prevalence is rising because of the big volume of radiologic explorations that we daily do. No comprehensive guidelines have been published by professional societies to guide the evaluation of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. All adrenal masses should be inspected for malignancy or hypersecreting disorders. In our point of view, adrenal surgery should be performed by the urologist, because it's the medical speciality which knows the best this anatomical region. The objective of this review is to present the main points that the urologist may know in the management of adrenal masses. Together with the department of Endocrinology of our hospital, we describe the main studies to perform in front of adrenal mass diagnosis and the current therapeutical diagram utilized in our center (AU)

[Management of adrenal mass: What urologists should know]. / Manejo de la masa suprarrenal: lo que el urólogo debe saber.

Adrenal incidentaloma's prevalence is rising because of the big volume of radiologic explorations that we daily do. No comprehensive guidelines have been published by professional societies to guide the evaluation of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. All adrenal masses should be inspected for malignancy or hypersecreting disorders. In our point of view, adrenal surgery should be performed by the urologist, because it's the medical speciality which knows the best this anatomical region. The objective of this review is to present the main points that the urologist may know in the management of adrenal masses. Together with the department of Endocrinology of our hospital, we describe the main studies to perform in front of adrenal mass diagnosis and the current therapeutical diagram utilized in our center.

Cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin: outcomes after 7 years' experience of a new centre for peritoneal surface malignancies

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a relatively frequent situation in the natural history of colorectal cancer and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Promising results have been shown after radical cytoreduction followed by intraperitoneal chemohyperthermic perfusion. The aim our study was to assess the outcomes after treating patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin by means of cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) followed by early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC). METHODS: Tumour resection was performed in accordance with the guidelines for oncologic surgery. Selective peritonectomies and remnant nodule electroevaporation were performed with the aim of achieving a complete cytoreduction. Peritoneal perfusion was carried out according to the Coliseum technique at 0.5-1 L/min, and chemotherapy was administered at 42oC for 40-90 min. Mitomycin C 10-12.5 mg/m(2) or oxaliplatin 360 mg/m(2) was used. Postoperative intraperitoneally administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (650 mg/m(2) per day) was given for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS: Twenty patients were treated from 2001 to 2008. The mean peritoneal cancer index was 11 (range 2-39). Fifteen patients had undergone complete cytoreductive surgery. The morbidity was 40%. There was one case of death due to bone marrow aplasia. Ten patients had recurrence; five of them underwent salvage surgery. Two patients were treated with a second HIPEC. Actuarial overall survival and progression-free survival were 36% and 30% at 5 years, respectively, with a median follow-up of 18 (range 8-28) months. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery combined with HIPEC is a feasible technique that might increase patient survival. It represents a potential cure for selected patients who have no other alternatives (AU)

[Surgical experience and results in transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy]. / Experiencia y resultados en la suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is currently the gold standard in surgical management of adrenal pathology. OBJECTIVES: To analyze our results after 12 years of experience in this surgery and to compare with the main published series. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we describe retrospectively 100 adrenalectomies performed between 1997-2009. Analyzed variables: age, size, side, preoperative diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, reconversion, hospital stay and histopathologic report. We utilized Fisher test and chi square test to compare categoric data. We utilized t-Student test to compare means from independent groups with normal distribution. We considered statistical significance when p<0.05. RESULTS: Mean age was 53.1 years (+/-14.4). Mean size was 3,7 cm (+/-2.2). In 51% of cases it was the left side. Mean follow-up was 15 months (+/-11.9). Preoperative diagnosis was: functional mass (44%), pheocromocytome (17%), incedentaloma>4 cm (20%), metastasis (10%) and adrenal carcinoma (5%). Mean operative time was 145.1 min (+/-55.6). Mean hematocrite loss was 6.26 points (+/-3.3). Reconversion rate was 9.6%. 2 cases of prolonged postoperative ileus. 2 patients required transfusion. 1 patient death because of an descompensation of liver cirrhosis. 80% of complications were on right side. Mean hospital stay was 6 days (+/-5.6). In last 30 procedures we realized statistical differences with first group, in terms of operative time (119.1 min vs 171.2 min) and hospital stay (4.1 days vs 6.1) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a surgical feasible and safe procedure in urological groups with previous laparoscopic experience. Our results are similar with the published series and confirm the efficacy, security and reproducibility of this technique.

Experiencia y resultados en la suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal / Surgical experience and results in transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Introducción: La suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica es actualmente el gold estándar en el manejo quirúrgico de la patología suprarrenal. Objetivos: Analizar nuestros resultados tras 12 años de experiencia en esta cirugía y compararlos con las principales series publicadas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Análisis de 100 suprarrenalectomías realizadas entre junio de 1997 y junio de 2009. Se describen las siguientes variables: edad, tamaño, lateralidad, diagnóstico preoperatorio, tiempo quirúrgico, pérdida sanguínea, reconversión, complicaciones, estancia media y resultado anatomopatológico. Se utilizaron el test de Fisher y el test de chi cuadrado para comparar datos categóricos. Se utilizó el test t de Student para comparar medias de grupos independientes con distribución normal. Se consideró la significación estadística cuando p<0,05. Resultados: La edad media fue de 53,1 años (±14,4). El tamaño medio fue de 3,7cm (±2,2). En el 51% de los casos fue izquierda. La media de seguimiento fue de 15 meses (±11,9). El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue masa funcionante (44%), feocromocitoma (17%), incidentaloma mayor de 4cm (20%), metástasis (10%) y carcinoma suprarrenal (5%). El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue de 145,1 min (±55,6). El descenso medio de hematocrito fue de 6,26 puntos (±3,3). La tasa de reconversión fue del 9,6%. Hubo 2 casos de íleo postoperatorio prolongado. Dos pacientes requirieron transfusión. Uno murió en el postoperatorio por descompensación de cirrosis hepática asociada. El 80% de las complicaciones fueron en el lado derecho. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 6 días (±5,6). En el grupo de los 30 últimos procedimientos se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en cuanto al tiempo quirúrgico (119,1 vs. 171,2min) y a la estancia media hospitalaria (4,1 vs. 6,1 días, p<0,05). Conclusiones: La suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal es una cirugía factible y segura en grupos con experiencia laparoscópica previa. Nuestros resultados se asemejan a las series publicadas en cuanto a la eficacia y a la morbilidad de la técnica (AU)

Introduction: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is currently the gold standard in surgical management of adrenal pathology. Objectives: To analyze our results after 12 years of experience in this surgery and to compare with the main published series. Material & methods: we describe retrospectively 100 adrenalectomies performed between 1997–2009. Analized variables: age, size, side, preoperative diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, reconversion, hospital stay and histopathologic report. We utilized Fisher test and chi square test to compare categoric data. We utilized t-Student test to compare means from independents groups with normal distribution. We considered statistical significance when p<0.05. Results: mean age was 53,1 years (±14,4). Mean size was 3,7cm (±2,2). In 51% of cases it was the left side. Mean follow-up was 15 months (±11,9). Preoperative diagnosis was: functional mass (44%), pheocromocytome (17%), incedentaloma >4cm (20%), metastasis (10%) and adrenal carcinoma (5%). Mean operative time was 145,1min (±55,6). Mean hematocrite loss was 6,26 points (±3,3). Reconversion rate was 9,6%. 2 cases of prolonged postoperative ileus. 2 patients required transfusion. 1 patient death because of an descompensation of liver cirrhosis. 80% of complications were on right side. Mean hospital stay was 6 days (±5,6). In last 30 procedures we realized statistical differences with first group, in terms of operative time (119,1min vs 171,2min) and hospital stay (4,1 days vs 6,1) (p<0,05). Conclusions: Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a surgical feasible and safe procedure in urological groups with previous laparoscopic experience. Our results are similar with the published series and confirm the efficacy, security and reproducibility of this technique (AU)

Evaluación de los planes de actuación preferente sobre las empresas de mayor siniestralidad en las comunidades autónomas / Evaluation of strategic action plans for the prevention of occupational injuries carried out by regional governments in Spain

Objetivo. Los planes de actuación preferente (PAP) son planes de prevención frente a los accidentes de trabajo. En este trabajo se describen los PAP desarrollados por las comunidades autónomas (CCAA) entre 1999 y 2006 y se evalúa la calidad formal de los mismos. Métodos. Mediante contacto postal y telefónico se solicitó a los responsables en cada CCAA (n=17) toda la documentación disponible sobre los PAP. Se buscó también información al respecto en las páginas de Internet de cada gobierno autónomo. Se definieron mediante consenso doce criterios con distinto peso según su relevancia como indicadores de calidad de los planes (1=baja; 2=moderada; 3=alta). Se calcularon puntuaciones totales para cada plan autonómico según el cumplimiento de dichos criterios. Resultados. No se obtuvo ninguna documentación sobre PAP en Madrid y Galicia. La mayoría de los planes revisados desarrollan protocolos de visita (n=14) y de actuación (n=13) en las empresas, además de mecanismos de coordinación con la Inspección de Trabajo (n=13). La definición de objetivos sobre los procesos a desarrollar, la evaluación de estos procesos o la coordinación con las mutuas de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales son criterios presentes con baja frecuencia en los planes revisados (n<=4). Los planes con mayores puntuaciones y mayor cumplimiento de criterios son los de Comunidad Valenciana, Andalucía y Aragón, mientras que los planes con puntuaciones más bajas son los de Castilla-La Mancha y Extremadura. Conclusiones. La mayoría de CCAA han desarrollado planes de actuación preferente, aunque con diferentes niveles de calidad formal según los criterios aplicados. La evaluación de los resultados de estos planes en términos de incidencia de accidentes de trabajo permitirá valorar en último término la efectividad de este tipo de intervenciones

Objective. Plans of preferential action (PPA) are strategic plans for the prevention of occupational injuries. In this paper, PPAs developed by the autonomous community governments in Spain are described and their formal quality evaluated (1999-2006). Methods. Persons responsible for PPAs were contacted via mail and phone in order to obtain all available documentation about the plans in each autonomous government (n=17). Available online information was also reviewed. For evaluation of the PPA, twelve explicit criteria were agreed on and weighted according to their value as quality indicators (1=low; 2=moderate; 3=high). Global scores were generated for plans in each autonomous government according to the level of fulfilment of these criteria. Results. It was not possible to obtain written information about PPA from the autonomous governments of Madrid and Galicia. Most of the reviewed plans included protocols for site visits (n=14) of companies and protocols for actions (n=13) , as well as mechanisms for coordination with the labour inspectorate (n=13). Defined objectives and evaluation processes, as well as mechanisms for coordination with insurance companies, were rarely described in the plans (n<=4). The PPAs with the highest global scores corresponded to the autonomous communities of Valencia, Andalusia and Aragon, whereas the plans with the lowest accomplishment of criteria were found in Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura. Conclusions. Most autonomous governments in Spain have strategic plans for the prevention of occupational injuries but the formal quality of these plans varies among them. Assessment of the results of these plans for preventive interventions, in terms of incidence of occupational injuries, will ultimately allow an evaluation of their effectiveness

Decálogo de la valoración de la aptitud para trabajar Diez principios básicos para su realización en el ámbito de la medicina del trabajo / Ten commandments on assessment of fitness for duty. Basic principles for its practice in Occupational Medicine

La valoración de la aptitud para trabajar es la evaluación de la capacidad psicofísica del individuo para realizar su trabajo sin riesgo para su propia salud o la de otros. A pesar de ser una actividad relevante de la medicina del trabajo, no existen en España criterios claros o recomendaciones para su realización. Se organizó un taller de expertos con el fin de analizar los criterios y métodos utilizados al valorar la aptitud e iniciar una reflexión científico-técnica sobre este tema en nuestro país. Fruto de ello, y sobre la base de las evidencias científicas existentes y las buenas prácticas profesionales en el ámbito internacional, se ha elaborado un decálogo que pretende aportar criterios técnicos para una mejor ordenación de la práctica profesional en este campo. Se trata de diez principios básicos para la realización de la valoración de la aptitud para trabajar en el ámbito de la medicina del trabajo

The assessment of fitness for duty, or work fitness, is the evaluation of a person’s psychophysical capacity to perform his/ her job without risk to self or others. Despite being a relevant activity in occupational medicine, there are no clear criteria or recommendations on how to assess fitness for work in Spain. An experts workshop was organised to analyse criteria and methods to assess fitness for work, as well as to initiate a scientific and technical debate on this subject in our country. As a consequence, and based on the available scientific evidence and international standards of good professional practice, ten commandments were developed, centered around technical criteria, to achieve a more systematic approach to professional practice in this field. Ten basic principles are listed for the assessment of fitness for duty in occupational medicine

Cultura preventiva en la encrucijada / Safety culture at the crossroad

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Controversial origin of Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Pseudomyxoma peritonei describes the accumulation of mucinous material in the abdominal cavity. The main diagnostic problem appears when the primary site of origin could be appendix or ovary. In this paper describe clinicopathological features and biological markers that support appendiceal origin (AU)