Risk of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in the Second Eye in Adult Patients with Bilateral Retinal Detachment.

PURPOSE: To examine the incidence and risk factors of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in the patients who develop rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in their fellow eye after having a prior RRD complicated by PVR. DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective observational study. SUBJECTS: Eyes with retinal detachment and PVR between 2015 and 2023 were identified through the Vestrum Health Database. METHODS: Risk factors for PVR development, specifically documented PVR in the fellow eye, gender, age, lens status, and presenting and final visual acuity (VA), were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) for PVR development during 6 months postoperative period. RESULTS: Of 57 264 patients, 11% had PVR in ≥1 eye. Of the 50 989 patients who did not develop PVR after the initial RRD, 4834 developed RRD in the fellow eye. One hundred sixty-six of these patients developed PVR in their second eye for a PVR rate of 3% in the fellow eye. Of the 6275 patients who developed PVR after primary RRD repair, 406 of these patients went on to develop RRD in their fellow eye. Forty-two of these patients developed PVR in their second eye for a PVR rate of 10%. A regression model that also included age, gender, and VA led to an OR of 3.42 (P < 0.001). The OR of PVR development generally decreased with age. Pseudophakic patients had a higher OR for PVR development, 1.48 (P = 0.017). Initial patients with VA 20/40 to 20/80 had an OR of 2.15 (P = 0.003). Patients with VA worse than 20/200 had an OR of 2.89 for PVR development (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history RRD with PVR in 1 eye have approximately 3.5 times higher rate of PVR in their second eye after RRD compared with patients without a history of PVR. This finding potential impacts surgical decisions and use of prophylactic anti-PVR therapy if the patient's second eye has RRD. The final VA in the second eye of patients with a history of PVR is better than for the second eye of patients with no history of PVR, which may indicate surgeons are already taking steps to prevent PVR in the patient's second eye. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Surgical Outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Fellow Eye Involvement in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the associations, fellow eye retinal tear or detachment, and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) in young adults. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. SUBJECTS: Patients aged ≤ 30 years who underwent surgical repair for RRD between 2014 and 2021 at a single practice. The mean age was 23.85 years (range, 12-30 years). METHODS: Data collected included demographics, preoperative clinical features of the RRD, visual acuity (VA), type of surgery performed, anatomic outcomes, OCT findings, fellow eye retinal tear or detachment, and postoperative complications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative VA and single-surgery anatomic success rate. RESULTS: One hundred one patients (109 eyes) were included. Sixty-seven patients (74 eyes) and 17 patients (19 eyes) were followed for ≥ 1 year and 5 years, respectively. The most common associations were myopia (66 eyes, 60.6%), trauma (8 eyes, 7.3%), and prior ocular surgery (7 eyes, 6.4%). Median preoperative Snellen VA was 20/70. The macula was attached in 31 eyes. Scleral buckle (SB) alone was performed in 75 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) + SB was performed in 27 eyes, PPV alone was performed in 6 eyes, and cryotherapy with pneumatic retinopexy was performed in 1 patient. Single-surgery anatomical success was 88.7% for SB, 89.7% for PPV + SB, and 75% for PPV. The median final postoperative Snellen VA was 20/50. Twelve patients presented with bilateral RRDs, and sequential surgery was performed in 8 patients, followed by 4 patients who underwent surgery with fellow eye laser barricade. Fourteen patients (13.9%) developed a retinal tear or detachment in the fellow eye, with a mean interval of 8 months from presentation. Of the 17 patients who were followed for ≥ 5 years, 3 patients (17.6%) developed a fellow eye retinal tear or detachment. After initial anatomical success, 6 eyes (5.5%) developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The most common association of RRD in this study was myopia. Scleral buckle alone was the most common surgical intervention. However, outcomes were generally favorable with SB-only and PPV + SB. Surgeons and patients should be aware of the risk of bilateral retinal detachment and the risk of fellow eye retinal tear and detachment. These patients require long-term surveillance in both eyes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

CHARACTERISTICS, OUTCOMES, AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES OF MACULAR HOLE AFTER RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR.

PURPOSE: To investigate full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) that develop after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive case series of patients who underwent RRD repair between 2015 and 2021 and subsequently developed FTMH. Twenty-three patients (23 eyes) were included. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy + membrane peel for macular hole (MH) repair. RESULTS: The mean age at RRD diagnosis was 62 years and 52% were male. In total, 78% were macula-off RRDs. Fourteen eyes (60.9%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy alone, 7 (30.4%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling, 1 (4.3%) underwent scleral buckling only, and 1 (4.3%) underwent pneumatic retinopexy. Median time from RRD repair to MH diagnosis was 116 days. Macula-off RRDs had a significantly lower time to MH diagnosis (mean 154 days, P < 0.05) than macula-on RRDs (mean 875 days). Twenty-one MH (91%) had optical coherence tomography evidence of an epiretinal membrane. Mean logMAR visual acuity at MH diagnosis was 1.05 (∼20/224) and significantly improved to 0.66 (∼20/91) at the final follow-up ( P < 0.001); 100% of MHs closed by the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy for MH after RRD repair has a high closure rate and leads to significant VA improvement. MH formation after RRD repair may be associated with macula-off detachments and epiretinal membrane. Macula-off RRDs develop MH faster than macula-on RRDs.

A Financial Analysis of Procedural Revenue in Outpatient Spine Clinic: An Analysis of 36,312 Patient Appointments and Subsequent Surgeries at a Single Major Academic Institution.

OBJECTIVE: The economic pressures widely discussed in health care have a large impact on spine practices. This current study is the first to look at characteristics associated with revenues from an outpatient spine clinic. METHODS: All clinic visits to spine providers were identified at a single academic institution spanning the dates June 1, 2014, to June 1, 2018. All payment information was calculated using Medicare reimbursement values for Current Procedural Terminology codes. Relevant clinical, surgical, and cost structure data was collected for each patient. RESULTS: On average, providers had 21.9 average appointments over the course of 7.6 hours per clinic day. The average ratio of new to follow-up patients was 39.3%, with an average new patient to surgery conversion rate of 15.0%. The adjusted average total procedural revenue per new patient, controlled for scheduled appointment length and actual appointment length, was $686.02. The adjusted average procedural revenue per surgery was $3444.64 and average procedural revenue per hour in spine clinic was $552.40. With a 1% and 5% increase in new patient visits, total procedural revenue increases 2.7% and 13.5%, respectively. With a 1% and 5% increase in conversion rate, total procedural revenue increases 6.7% and 33.3%, respectively. With a decrease in new patient appointment length from 30 minutes to 25 minutes, the opportunity for 1.7 new patient appointments per day was created resulting in a net increase in procedural revenue per clinic day of $837.57. CONCLUSIONS: Incremental changes in practice structure can significantly affect procedural revenue. Significant heterogeneity also exists among spine providers.

Interrogating cellular fate decisions with high-throughput arrays of multiplexed cellular communities.

Recreating heterotypic cell-cell interactions in vitro is key to dissecting the role of cellular communication during a variety of biological processes. This is especially relevant for stem cell niches, where neighbouring cells provide instructive inputs that govern cell fate decisions. To investigate the logic and dynamics of cell-cell signalling networks, we prepared heterotypic cell-cell interaction arrays using DNA-programmed adhesion. Our platform specifies the number and initial position of up to four distinct cell types within each array and offers tunable control over cell-contact time during long-term culture. Here, we use the platform to study the dynamics of single adult neural stem cell fate decisions in response to competing juxtacrine signals. Our results suggest a potential signalling hierarchy between Delta-like 1 and ephrin-B2 ligands, as neural stem cells adopt the Delta-like 1 phenotype of stem cell maintenance on simultaneous presentation of both signals.