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BACKGROUND: Although basic life support (BLS) has been taught in school by a variety of professionals, it is still unclear that, whether the instructor's previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) experience is an important factor. This study aimed to compare the effect of BLS training, based on trainer experience in actual situations, on knowledge and skills of secondary high school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 150 high school students were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then assigned into two groups, (76 in Group A), and (74 in Group B) randomly. Both groups were trained according to adult BLS: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines on mannequins in three 60 min in-person training sessions. The knowledge and skill scores were measured for both groups before, immediately, and 1 month after intervention by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22, using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, repeated-measure ANOVA tests, and statistically modeling at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups regarding demographic characteristics. The knowledge and skill scores in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline immediately and 1 month after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge scores between groups (P = 0.076(. However, at the immediacy and 1 month after the intervention, the skill score in "Group A" was significantly higher than the "Group B" (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The trainer's experience of CPR in the actual setting in the transfer of BLS knowledge is not important, but it improved Student's BSL skill acquisition score.
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INTRODUCTION: The family members' presence during teaching rounds is introduced as a challenging issue. The outcomes of family presence during teaching rounds in adult care settings is an under investigate issue. The propose of this study was to determining the effect of family presence at teaching rounds on patient's anxiety and satisfaction in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 patients who were hospitalized in CICU were selected based on inclusion criteria and then assigned into 2 groups (with and without family members presence during teaching round), equally by the random minimization method. The patient's anxiety score was measured before and after rounds on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Furthermore, the patient's satisfaction about various clinical aspects of round was measured by a self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-square test, independent sample and paired sample t-test, at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The study groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. In the family members presence group, the STAI score significantly decreased after intervention (P = 0.001). Furthermore, in this group, the after-intervention STAI score was significantly lower than family absence group (P = 0.011). The mean changes of patient's satisfaction about quality of round score in family member presence group were significantly higher than family absence group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Family presence during teaching rounds led to patient's lower anxiety and higher satisfaction score.
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BACKGROUND: Results of various studies indicate that emergency medical service (EMS) staff suffer from occupational stress that adversely affects their quality of life and their care quality. PURPOSE: This study aimed at determining the effect of massage on occupational stress experienced by emergency medical service staff. SETTING: Prehospital emergency medical services stations of a city in the southwest of Iran. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 58 members of staff of the emergency medical services, working in prehospital emergency medical services stations. RESEARCH DESIGN: In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 58 EMS staff were selected from prehospital EMS stations, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then assigned in two groups (29 in massage and 29 in control group) randomly by the minimization method. The intervention group received Swedish massage, twice a week for four weeks in the morning after the end of the work shift. Each massage session lasted 20-25 minutes. Subjects in the control group received no intervention. The level of occupational stress of the two groups was measured under the same conditions before and after the intervention by using the expanded nurses' occupational stress scale (ENSS). Data were analyzed with the SPSS16 software by using the chi-squared test, paired and independent-sample t tests, one-way ANCOVA. P value < .05 was considered as the level of significance. RESULTS: The mean and SD of total occupational stress scores in the control group was 114.41±30.11 in pretest and reach to 112.58± 30.62 in posttest stage. Also the mean and SD of total occupational stress scores in the intervention group was 130.20±26.45 in pretest and reach to 110.41±21.75 in posttest stage. A one-way ANCOVA showed that there is a significant effect of massage on EMS staff's occupational stress level after controlling for pretest score (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The training and the application of massage therapy can serve as an effective method in reducing occupational stress in emergency medical centers.
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BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled symptoms of diabetes can lead to irreparable damage to vital organs. Despite the global trend towards the use of complementary alternative therapies, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of self-acupressure in diabetes patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-acupressure on FBS and insulin level in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed from September 2016 to February 2017. A total of 60 diabetic patients were selected from diabetes clinic in Rafsanjan in Iran, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then assigned to 2 groups (30 in acupressure and 30 in control) randomly by the minimization method. The intervention group received acupressure at ST-36, LIV-3, KD-3 and SP-6 points bilaterally for five minutes for each point in 10 seconds pressure and 2 seconds rest periods. Subjects in the control group received no intervention. The FBS and insulin levels were measured before and after the intervention for both groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 by the Chi-square test, independent-samples t-test, and paired-samples t-test. A level of 0.05 was considered significant for examining the hypotheses. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the acupressure and control group regarding age, sex and level of education. The insulin level significantly increased after treatment in the acupressure group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences between the levels of insulin in study or control groups. Serum FBS level decreased significantly after intervention in the acupressure group compared to the control group (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Self-acupressure as a complementary alternative medicine can be a helpful complementary method in reducing FBS and increasing insulin levels in type 2 diabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with clinical trial registration number: IRCT2016122131459N1. FUNDING: This study was financially sported by Deputy of Research and Technology of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Ref: 20.519).
