Sensorial and fatty acid profile of ice cream manufactured with milk of crossbred cows fed palm oil and coconut fat.

This work was carried out to study the nutritional quality of milk of cows fed palm oil (PAL) or coconut fat (COC), and the use of that milk as raw material for ice cream production. Three treatments were tested with 23 healthy cows: control (CON), PAL, and COC. The milk was collected at d 21 and 36 of the experimental diet. Proximate composition (moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrates) and fatty acid composition were evaluated on milk and ice cream, and sensorial analysis, color (lightness, green/red, and blue/yellow), overrun, and texture were evaluated on the ice cream. Fatty acids present in milk and ice cream were determined by gas chromatography. Sensory analysis results showed that the ice cream acceptability index was above 70%. No difference was observed for proximate composition in milk and ice cream. Chromatographic analysis showed an increase in saturated fatty acid concentration in CON and lower levels in PAL; polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration was higher in PAL and lower in CON, in milk and ice cream; monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk was higher in PAL and lower in CON but no difference was found in ice cream. Comparing n-3 content in milk and ice cream, we observed that PAL had higher levels than CON and COC. The results indicate that it is feasible to add sources of fat to the animal feed for fatty acid composition modulation of milk and ice cream.

The impact of dietary sugarcane addition to finishing diets on performance, apparent digestibility, and fatty acid composition of Holstein × Zebu bulls.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of corn silage (CS) or sugarcane (SC) additions to finishing diets on voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, animal performance, and LM fatty acid (FA) composition in crossbred Holstein × Zebu bulls. Forty-two bulls (initial BW 328 ± 39.2 kg and an initial age of 23.5 mo) were used in this experiment. A completely randomized design was used to examine roughage source (CS vs. SC) and ratio of concentrate (CO) on nutrient utilization and production. The experimental diets consisted of 1) 60% CS and 40% CO on DM basis fed for 84 d (CS60:40), 2) 60% CS and 40% CO on DM basis fed for 42 d and 40% CS and 60% CO on DM basis fed for 42 d (CS reverse diet [CSR]), 3) 40% CS and 60% CO on DM basis fed for 84 d (CS40:60), 4) 60% SC and 40% CO on DM basis fed for 84 d (SC60:40), 5) 60% SC and 40% CO on DM basis fed for 42 d and 40% SC and 60% CO on DM basis fed for 42 d (SC reverse diet [SCR]), and 6) 40% SC and 60% CO on DM basis fed for 84 d (SC40:60). Dry matter and NDF intakes were greater (P < 0.01) in bulls fed CS-based diets than bulls fed SC-based diets. The greatest (P < 0.01) DM and CP digestibility were observed in bulls fed SC-based diets. Bulls fed CSR and CS40:60 had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than bulls fed SC-based diets. However, ADG was similar (P = 0.52) in bulls fed CS60:40, CSR, and SC40:60 diets. The percentage of C18:3 n-3 and C20:5 n-3 were greater (P < 0.01) in LM of bulls fed SC-based diets. The percentage of CLA was greater (P < 0.01) in LM of bulls fed SC60:40 than those fed CS-based diets. The findings of the present study indicate that SC40:60 can replace CS60:40 and CSR in finishing diets and, moreover, roughage source significantly altered the FA composition of crossbred Holstein × Zebu bulls LM.