Structural modification of titanium surface by octacalcium phosphate via Pulsed Laser Deposition and chemical treatment.

In the present study, the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique was applied to coat titanium for orthopaedic and dental implant applications. Calcium carbonate (CC) was used as starting coating material. The deposited CC films were transformed into octacalcium phosphate (OCP) by chemical treatments. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that the final OCP thin films are formed on the titanium surface. Human myofibroblasts from peripheral vessels and the primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSs) were cultured on the investigated materials. It was shown that all the investigated samples had no short-term toxic effects on cells. The rate of division of myofibroblast cells growing on the surface and saturated BMMSs concentration for the OCP coating were about two times faster than of cells growing on the CC films.

Glass-ceramic coated Mg-Ca alloys for biomedical implant applications.

Biodegradable metals and alloys are promising candidates for biomedical bone implant applications. However, due to the high rate of their biodegradation in human body environment, they should be coated with less reactive materials, such, for example, as bioactive glasses or glass-ceramics. Fort this scope, RKKP composition glass-ceramic coatings have been deposited on Mg-Ca(1.4wt%) alloy substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition method, and their properties have been characterized by a number of techniques. The prepared coatings consist of hydroxyapatite and wollastonite phases, having composition close to that of the bulk target material used for depositions. The 100µm thick films are characterized by dense, compact and rough morphology. They are composed of a glassy matrix with various size (from micro- to nano-) granular inclusions. The average surface roughness is about 295±30nm due to the contribution of micrometric aggregates, while the roughness of the fine-texture particulates is approximately 47±4nm. The results of the electrochemical corrosion evaluation tests evidence that the RKKP coating improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Ca (1.4wt%) alloy in Simulated Body Fluid.

Cuidados centrados en el desarrollo. Situación en las unidades de neonatología de España / Developmental centered care. Situation in Spanish neonatal units

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo (CCD) tienen por objeto favorecer el desarrollo neurosensorial y emocional del niño. En España tenemos información de la aplicación de los CCD desde 1999, pero no se conoce el grado de implantación actual. OBJETIVOS: Describir el grado de implantación de los CCD en las unidades neonatales públicas que atendieron a más de 50 recién nacidos con peso menor a 1.500g en el año 2012. Comparación con los datos previos publicados en 2006. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal observacional descriptivo incluyendo las unidades neonatales españolas seleccionadas. Se envió un cuestionario con 7 preguntas formuladas de igual manera que en el cuestionario del 2006 para la comparación. RESULTADOS: Se envió la encuesta a 27 unidades. La tasa de respuesta del 2012 fue del 81% vs. el 96% en 2006. Respecto a medidas de control del ruido, en 2012 fue el 73% vs. el 11% en el 2006 (p < 0,01). El uso de sacarosa fue el 50% en 2012 frente al 46% en 2006 (p = 0,6). La entrada libre de padres en 2012 fue el 82% vs. el 11% en 2006 (p < 0,01). El Método Canguro, en el 2012, se realizó sin limitaciones en un 82% frente al 31% en el 2006 (p < 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: La implantación de los CCD en España ha mejorado. Todavía hay un margen de mejora en áreas como el uso de sacarosa o el control del ruido, pero hay que resaltar el cambio tan positivo que se ha producido en relación con la entrada de padres

INTRODUCTION: Developmental centered care (DC) is focused on sensorineural and emotional development of the newborns. In Spain we have had information on the application of DC since 1999, but the extent of actual implementation is unknown. Objetive: To determine the level of implementation of DC in Spanish neonatal units where more than 50 infants weighing under 1500g were cared for in 2012. A comparison was made with previous data published in 2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was performed using a survey with seven questions as in the 2006 questionnaire. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 27 units. The response rate was 81% in 2012 versus 96% in 2006. Noise control measures were introduced in 73% of units in 2012 versus 11% in 2006 (P<0.01). The use of saccharose was 50% in 2012 versus 46% in 2006 (P=0.6). Parents free entry was 82% in 2012 versus 11% in 2006 (P<0.01). Kangaroo care was used without restriction by 82% in 2012 compared to 31% in 2006 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the DC in Spain has improved. There is still room for improvement in areas, such as the use of saccharose or noise control. However, it is important to highlight the positive change that has occurred in relation to unrestricted parental visits

Frecuencia de extubaciones no programadas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Estudio antes y después / Incidence of unplanned extubations in a neonatal intensive care unit. A before and after study

Introducción: Las extubaciones no programadas (ENP) en pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica son un evento adverso no deseado que se asocia a un incremento de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Comparar la frecuencia de ENP en una unidad neonatal en 2 periodos, antes y después de una serie de intervenciones dirigidas a disminuir las ENP. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de tipo antes y después. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes intubados durante 2 periodos: de mayo a diciembre del 2011 y de junio a diciembre del 2012. En el primer periodo se calculó la tasa de ENP por 100 pacientes-día intubados, se evaluaron las características de los niños que presentaban las extubaciones, las circunstancias en las que estas ocurrían y la necesidad de reintubación. Tras analizar los datos, se aplicó un programa de intervención para prevenir las ENP y se analizaron las mismas variables en el segundo periodo después de su puesta en marcha. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias entre las características de los pacientes incluidos en ambos periodos. En el primer periodo ocurrieron 5 ENP por cada 100 pacientes-día intubados frente a 4,5 ENP en el segundo (p = 0,657). En ambos periodos, la mayoría de las ENP ocurrieron durante la práctica de procedimientos al paciente y la frecuencia de reintubación fue del 77,4 y el 67,7%, respectivamente. Considerando los 2 periodos de forma conjunta en los meses de julio, agosto y septiembre, se produjeron de media 6,2 ENP por cada 100 niños-día intubados frente a 3,4 en el resto de los meses (p = 0,043). Conclusiones: El programa de intervención realizado para disminuir las ENP no ha conseguido una reducción significativa de las mismas. El periodo de verano incrementa significativamente el riesgo de ENP frente al resto de los meses estudiados (AU)

Introduction: Unplanned extubations (UE) of mechanically ventilated newborns involves an undesirable increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: A 2-stage study compared the frequency of UE in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit before and after the implementation of a program of preventive measures to decrease UE. Patients and methods: A before and after prospective study included all mechanically ventilated newborns participating in the 2 stage study from May-December 2011 and June-December 2012. In stage 1, the rate of UE per 100 intubated patient days was calculated and the characteristics of unplanned extubated newborns, circumstances of UE occurrence and need for re-intubation were studied. Consequently, a program of preventive measures for UE was designed and implemented, with the same variables being analysed in stage 2. Results: No differences were found in patient characteristics during the two stages. Stage 1, incidence of UE was 5/100 intubated patient days; Stage 2, 4.5 UE/100 intubated patient days (P=0.657). In both stages, most UE occurred during patient handling with re-intubation incidence at 77.4% and 67.7%, respectively. The combined rate of both stages during summer months of July, August and September was 6.2 UE/100 intubation days, in contrast with the remaining months of both stages: UE incidence rate, 3.4 UE/100 intubation days (p=0.043).Conclusions: The implementation of a preventive measures program did not significantly reduce the incidence of UE. The summer period showed the highest incidence of UE (AU)

[Developmental centered care. Situation in Spanish neonatal units]. / Cuidados centrados en el desarrollo. Situación en las unidades de neonatología de España.

INTRODUCTION: Developmental centered care (DC) is focused on sensorineural and emotional development of the newborns. In Spain we have had information on the application of DC since 1999, but the extent of actual implementation is unknown. OBJETIVE: To determine the level of implementation of DC in Spanish neonatal units where more than 50 infants weighing under 1500g were cared for in 2012. A comparison was made with previous data published in 2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was performed using a survey with seven questions as in the 2006 questionnaire. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 27 units. The response rate was 81% in 2012 versus 96% in 2006. Noise control measures were introduced in 73% of units in 2012 versus 11% in 2006 (P<.01). The use of saccharose was 50% in 2012 versus 46% in 2006 (P=.6). Parents free entry was 82% in 2012 versus 11% in 2006 (P<.01). Kangaroo care was used without restriction by 82% in 2012 compared to 31% in 2006 (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the DC in Spain has improved. There is still room for improvement in areas, such as the use of saccharose or noise control. However, it is important to highlight the positive change that has occurred in relation to unrestricted parental visits.

[Incidence of unplanned extubations in a neonatal intensive care unit. A before and after study]. / Frecuencia de extubaciones no programadas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Estudio antes y después.

INTRODUCTION: Unplanned extubations (UE) of mechanically ventilated newborns involves an undesirable increase in morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: A 2-stage study compared the frequency of UE in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit before and after the implementation of a program of preventive measures to decrease UE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A before and after prospective study included all mechanically ventilated newborns participating in the 2 stage study from May-December 2011 and June-December 2012. In stage 1, the rate of UE per 100 intubated patient days was calculated and the characteristics of unplanned extubated newborns, circumstances of UE occurrence and need for re-intubation were studied. Consequently, a program of preventive measures for UE was designed and implemented, with the same variables being analysed in stage 2. RESULTS: No differences were found in patient characteristics during the two stages. Stage 1, incidence of UE was 5/100 intubated patient days; Stage 2, 4.5 UE/100 intubated patient days (P=.657). In both stages, most UE occurred during patient handling with re-intubation incidence at 77.4% and 67.7%, respectively. The combined rate of both stages during summer months of July, August and September was 6.2 UE/100 intubation days, in contrast with the remaining months of both stages: UE incidence rate, 3.4 UE/100 intubation days (p=.043). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a preventive measures program did not significantly reduce the incidence of UE. The summer period showed the highest incidence of UE.

Edades de sedestación y marcha en recién nacidos pretérmino menores de 1. 500 gr con displasia broncopulmonar / Ages of sitting up and walking in preterm newborns less than 1, 500 G with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Introducción: La incidencia de secuelas neurológicas en los recién nacidos pretérmino (RNPT) con displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) es considerablemente mayor que la de aquellos que no la presentan. Conocer la cronología de adquisición de los hitos motores puede servir para proporcionar mejor información a los padres acerca de la posible existencia de un retraso en el desarrollo. El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar la influencia que tiene la DBP sobre las edades de adquisición de la sedestación y la marcha en los RNPT<1.500g con exploración neurológica normal a los 2 años. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio longitudinal con una cohorte de 885 RNPT con peso al nacimiento inferior a 1.500g, ingresados en el Hospital 12 de Octubre entre enero de 1991 y diciembre de 2003. Las edades a las que se alcanzaban los hitos motores evaluados se establecían mediante entrevista con los padres. La comparación de medias se realizó mediante la t de Student y el test de Bonferroni. Resultados: Los pacientes con DBP alcanzaron la sedestación a los 7,8±2m vs 7,1±1,3 m en los RNPT sin DBP y la marcha a los 14,5±3,8m vs 13,4±2,5m (p<0,001). Los pacientes con DBP tenían mayor riesgo de adquirir ambos hitos motores por encima del p90 (OR=2,6 (1,6-4,1) para la sedestación y OR=2,8 (1,6-4,8) para la marcha), efecto que se mantuvo tras ajustar por edad gestacional y peso al nacimiento. Conclusión: La DBP, en el grupo de RNPT<1.500g con exploración neurológica normal a los 2 años, implica un retraso en la adquisición de la sedestación y la marcha (AU)

Introduction: Adverse neurological events in very low birth weight (VLBW) children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are more frequent than in children without. An understanding of the ages when preterm infants acquire certain motor skills will give parents more appropriate information on motor development. The objective of the present study is to estimate the influence between BPD and the age of acquisition of sitting unsupported and independent walking in VLBW children with normal neurological examination at 2 years of corrected age. Patients and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on a cohort of 885 children with VLBW, admitted to the Hospital “12 de Octubre” between January 1991 and December 2003. Age for both skills was established by interview with parents. Means were compared with t-test and Bonferroni adjustment where appropriate. Results: Both motor skills were acquired later in the group with BPD (7.8±2m vs. 7.1±1.3m for sitting unsupported and 14.5±3.8m vs. 13.4±2.5m for walking) (P<.001). BPD was associated with delayed acquisition (above p90) of these skills, OR=2.6 (1.6-4.1) for sitting and OR=2.8 (1.6-4.8) for walking. Association was found after adjusting for gestational age (GA) and weight. Conclusión: BPD was associated with delayed acquisition of both skills in VLBW children with normal neurological examination at 2 years (AU)

[Ages of sitting up and walking in preterm newborns less than 1,500 G with bronchopulmonary dysplasia]. / Edades de sedestación y marcha en recién nacidos pretérmino menores de 1. 500 gr con displasia broncopulmonar.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse neurological events in very low birth weight (VLBW) children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are more frequent than in children without. An understanding of the ages when preterm infants acquire certain motor skills will give parents more appropriate information on motor development. The objective of the present study is to estimate the influence between BPD and the age of acquisition of sitting unsupported and independent walking in VLBW children with normal neurological examination at 2 years of corrected age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted on a cohort of 885 children with VLBW, admitted to the Hospital "12 de Octubre" between January 1991 and December 2003. Age for both skills was established by interview with parents. Means were compared with t-test and Bonferroni adjustment where appropriate. RESULTS: Both motor skills were acquired later in the group with BPD (7.8±2m vs. 7.1±1.3m for sitting unsupported and 14.5±3.8m vs. 13.4±2.5m for walking) (P<.001). BPD was associated with delayed acquisition (above p90) of these skills, OR=2.6 (1.6-4.1) for sitting and OR=2.8 (1.6-4.8) for walking. Association was found after adjusting for gestational age (GA) and weight. CONCLUSION: BPD was associated with delayed acquisition of both skills in VLBW children with normal neurological examination at 2 years.

Linfoma primario de próstata: nuevo caso clínico / Primary lymphoma of the prostate gland: a mew clinic case

Presentamos un nuevo caso de Linfoma Primario de Próstata. Hasta la fecha, se han comunicado aproximadamente 100 casos en la literatura mundial. Nuestro caso, se trata de un paciente de 73 años, que consultó por prostatismo. La anatomía patológica, obtenida por punción-biopsia transrectal informó linfoma tipo B, asociado con HBP. Los estudios complementarios de extensión de la enfermedad fueron todos negativos.. El paciente fue tratado mediante RTU, por uropatía obstructiva infravesical, más 6 ciclos de quimioterapia (CHOP). que debió completarse con radioterapia (5.940 cGy) para obtener la remisión completa. A la fecha, y con un seguimiento de 30 meses, el paciente se encuentra asintomático y libre de enfermedad

Linfoma primario de próstata: nuevo caso clínico / Primary lymphoma of the prostate gland: a mew clinic case

Presentamos un nuevo caso de Linfoma Primario de Próstata. Hasta la fecha, se han comunicado aproximadamente 100 casos en la literatura mundial. Nuestro caso, se trata de un paciente de 73 años, que consultó por prostatismo. La anatomía patológica, obtenida por punción-biopsia transrectal informó linfoma tipo B, asociado con HBP. Los estudios complementarios de extensión de la enfermedad fueron todos negativos.. El paciente fue tratado mediante RTU, por uropatía obstructiva infravesical, más 6 ciclos de quimioterapia (CHOP). que debió completarse con radioterapia (5.940 cGy) para obtener la remisión completa. A la fecha, y con un seguimiento de 30 meses, el paciente se encuentra asintomático y libre de enfermedad(AU)

Actualización en prevención y manejo de las trombosis en catéteres venosos centrales / Actualization in prevention and management of central venous catheter thrombosis

Central venous catheters are essential to the modern-day management of many illnesses especially cancer and hematologic desorders. Catheter malfuncion due to catheter tip thrombosis and catheter central venous thrombosis are two common complications. These two complication can cause significant problems in patient management and can be a sourse of morbitiy and occasional mortality. This review focuses on the incidence, risk factors, natural history, diagnostic aproaches, prophilaxis and treatment of thrombotic complications of central venous catheters in cancer patients.

Actualización en prevención y manejo de las trombosis en catéteres venosos centrales / Actualization in prevention and management of central venous catheter thrombosis

Central venous catheters are essential to the modern-day management of many illnesses especially cancer and hematologic desorders. Catheter malfuncion due to catheter tip thrombosis and catheter central venous thrombosis are two common complications. These two complication can cause significant problems in patient management and can be a sourse of morbitiy and occasional mortality. This review focuses on the incidence, risk factors, natural history, diagnostic aproaches, prophilaxis and treatment of thrombotic complications of central venous catheters in cancer patients. (AU)

Haemostatic treatment of a bleeding hepatocarcinoma by polypropylene mesh wrapping in a cirrhotic patient.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocarcinoma (HCC) in a cirrhotic patient is a serious complication with a high incidence of mortality. The pathogenesis of this complication is unknown. Several hypotheses have been proposed in the literature worldwide. The diagnosis, in the absence of specific symptoms, is made by ultrasound, sometimes followed by a CT scan, and finally by exploratory paracentesis. An angiogram is performed to locate the site of the bleeding and possibly allow transcatheter arterial chemo-embolisation. Therapeutic options include one-stage or delayed resection, packing for sub-diaphragmatic bleeding HCC's, and hepatic artery ligation. Suture ligation of the bleeding source is usually impossible due to the friability of the tumor. No sizeable experience with the use of alcoholisation for haemostasis has been reported to date. We report a case of HCC bleeding from segment VI successfully treated by manual compression and placement of a polypropylene mesh (Biomesh P1, Cousin Biotech).

Surgical therapy for frontal epilepsies.

We have described our 25 years experience concerning 100 patients operated on for frontal epilepsy. Results show that 55% of patients are practically cured of their seizures and that 76% benefited from cortectomy (reduction of more than 75% of seizures). These results are the worst in the total series of St. Anne. Reasons for success and especially failure were analyzed in detail: 1. SEEG methods gave good indications along three dimensions of the limits and borders of the cortical excision. 2. When clinical semiology and organization of ictal discharges give evidence for rapid bilateral discharge, with involvement of axial musculature and generalized tonic-clonic manifestations, experience shows that it is necessary to combine cortectomy with a section of the adjacent cortico-subcortical fibers of the corona radiata, as if propagation of ictal discharges were impeded if not interrupted by sectioning such fibers and the primary site were incapable of expressing itself clinically. 3. If the characteristics of seizures suggest the quasisimultaneous involvement of the two frontal lobes and the existence of bilateral multifocal epilepsy, we suggest that a systematized anterior callosotomy might lead to useful results. 4. Finally, we propose general criteria for indications and contraindications for surgery.

Distintos comportamientos de la oxigenación sistémica e intestinal en el síndrome de distress respiratorio del adulto (ARDS) tratado con presión espiratoria positiva final (PEEP) / Different behaviors of the systemic and intestinal oxygenation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome treated with positive end-expiratory pressure

La relación entre disponibilidad y consumo de O2 (DO2 y VO2, respectivamente) ha sido extensamente estudiada en pacientes críticos. Sin embargo, existen pocos intentos de vincular éstas mediciones a la oxigenación tisular. Nosotros realizamos éste estudio en pacientes con ARDS tratados con PEEP con el propósito de demostrar que el pH intramucoso gástrico (pHi) podría contribuir al monitoreo de la oxigenación tisular y aportar información adicional sobre el significado de la relación VO2/DO2. Con éste objetivo, 11 pacientes con ARDS, sedados con diazepam, relajados con pancuronio y ventilados mecánicamente con una FiO2 de 1, fueron sometidos a incrementos secuenciales de PEEP a O, 10 y 15 cmH2O, con intervalos de 209 minutos. En cada caso se midieron pHi por tonometría, volumen minuto cardíaco por termodilución y contenidos arteriales y venosos mixtos de O2 (gases, Hb y saturación), calculándose DO2 y VO2. Se realizaron correlaciones entre DO2 y VO2 y DO2 y pHi por cuadrados mínimos. A través de un método de agrupamiento se distinguieron diferentes comportamientos. Adicionalmente, se incluyeron otros 2 pacientes para corroborar la metodología estadística. De ésta forma quedaron definidos 3 grupos. En el grupo I (6 pacientes), con las dismuinuciones de la DO2, el VO2 fue constante (r media 0,49 ñ 0,34), aunque el pHi se redujo (r media 0,90 ñ 0,09)...

Distintos comportamientos de la oxigenación sistémica e intestinal en el síndrome de distress respiratorio del adulto (ARDS) tratado con presión espiratoria positiva final (PEEP) / Different behaviors of the systemic and intestinal oxygenation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome treated with positive end-expiratory pressure

La relación entre disponibilidad y consumo de O2 (DO2 y VO2, respectivamente) ha sido extensamente estudiada en pacientes críticos. Sin embargo, existen pocos intentos de vincular éstas mediciones a la oxigenación tisular. Nosotros realizamos éste estudio en pacientes con ARDS tratados con PEEP con el propósito de demostrar que el pH intramucoso gástrico (pHi) podría contribuir al monitoreo de la oxigenación tisular y aportar información adicional sobre el significado de la relación VO2/DO2. Con éste objetivo, 11 pacientes con ARDS, sedados con diazepam, relajados con pancuronio y ventilados mecánicamente con una FiO2 de 1, fueron sometidos a incrementos secuenciales de PEEP a O, 10 y 15 cmH2O, con intervalos de 209 minutos. En cada caso se midieron pHi por tonometría, volumen minuto cardíaco por termodilución y contenidos arteriales y venosos mixtos de O2 (gases, Hb y saturación), calculándose DO2 y VO2. Se realizaron correlaciones entre DO2 y VO2 y DO2 y pHi por cuadrados mínimos. A través de un método de agrupamiento se distinguieron diferentes comportamientos. Adicionalmente, se incluyeron otros 2 pacientes para corroborar la metodología estadística. De ésta forma quedaron definidos 3 grupos. En el grupo I (6 pacientes), con las dismuinuciones de la DO2, el VO2 fue constante (r media 0,49 ñ 0,34), aunque el pHi se redujo (r media 0,90 ñ 0,09)...(AU)

Somatomotor manifestations in temporal lobe seizures.

Some authors include somatomotor manifestations (SMM) among the clinical features of temporal lobe seizures in man; however, data are limited and conflicting. This study describes 101 seizures recorded during stereo-EEG explorations in 50 patients, selected on the basis of the demonstration of onset in temporal lobe structures (stereo-EEG) and the presence of lateralized SMM and/or secondary generalization (SG). SMM and SG were present in about 20% of our population of patients with temporal seizures explored with stereo-EEG, and were only rarely observed during the first 10 s (early SMM) of the seizures (less than 10%). Seizures characterized by early SMM were generally induced by electrical stimulation or chemical activation and only exceptionally spontaneous. In all cases the ictal electrical discharge also involved at an early stage extratemporal structures such as the rolandic operculum, the parietal lobe, or contralateral temporal structures. In most cases (greater than 90%) SMM represented a late (greater than 10 s) event in the ictal symptomatology. The face and the upper limb were by far the most frequently involved segments. Thirty-eight percent of seizures ended up in SG. The associated ictal symptomatology was rather poor and differed from our previous findings in temporal lobe seizures: oroalimentary automatisms were relatively rare, whereas an impairment of consciousness was observed in more than 50% of seizures. The critical electrical discharge had a long duration and always involved extratemporal structures in one or both hemispheres. The involvement of the central region could be demonstrated in all patients with deep electrodes in that region. In conclusion, SMM are not characteristic of temporal lobe seizures, and their presence indicates spreading of the critical discharge beyond the temporal lobe.

Prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy as a function of the laterality of the epileptogenic lesion.

Retrospective analysis of the psychiatric diagnoses in a group of patients surgically relieved of medically intractable epilepsy tested the hypothesis that patients with left-sided temporal lobe epileptogenic lesions are at greater risk for the development of a so-called schizophrenic-like psychosis than are those with right-sided temporal lobe epileptogenic lesions. The data confirmed the hypothesis and also demonstrated an increased prevalence of sinistrals in the psychotic group. Thus, epilepsy involving the dominant hemisphere at the inception of the seizure disorder is the significant risk factors. The data also indicated that a psychosis is unlikely to develop in patients with other (nontemporal) forms of focal epilepsy. On the basis of these data and data from other studies, the prevalence of psychosis in patients with poorly controlled temporal lobe epilepsy was estimated to be approximately 10% to 15%.

[Motor and postural manifestations of temporal lobe epilepsy seizure]. / Manifestations motrices et posturales dans les crises d'épilepsie d'origine temporale.

This study reports on 73 epileptic seizures (in 36 patients) originating in the temporal lobe (stereo-EEG) presenting motor or postural signs. Motor symptoms occur rarely in the early phase of seizures (less than 10% of our series) and they are exceptional during spontaneous seizures. The critical electrical discharge always affects extra-temporal structures such as the rolandic operculum, the cingulate gyrus, etc. The occurrence of motor symptoms during the late phase of seizures is associated with a long duration of the critical discharge and, again, with the involvement of extra-temporal structures. The characteristics of the associated clinical signs (e.g., frequent loss of contact with the environment, relatively rare oroalimentary automatic activities), together with the high frequency of secondary 'generalizations' are consistent with the stereo-EEG findings and indicate that these seizures also affect extra-temporal regions.