Trp28Arg/Ile35Thr LHB gene variants are associated with elevated testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder, of multifactorial etiology, which affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age. It is considered the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism in this population. The genetic basis of PCOS is still largely unknown despite significant family clustering; determining its mode of inheritance is particularly difficult given the heterogenic presentation of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 130 Brazilian women, aged 14-42 years, who met the 2003 Rotterdam criteria for PCOS diagnosis, were included, and 96 healthy women constituted the control group. Presence of hirsutism was classified using the modified Ferriman-Gallwey score (F-G score) as absent (≤7), mild (8-14), and severe (≥15). Blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and androstenedione were determined. The coding region of the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit (LHB) gene was amplified and sequenced. Differences in allelic and genotypic frequency distribution of each polymorphism across controls and cases were estimated by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square or Fisher's exact test (p<0.05), and the probability of an association between the detection of a polymorphism and presence of a diagnosis of PCOS, by logistic regression. RESULT(S): Sequencing detected 8 polymorphisms in the LHB gene coding region. Two polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium were significantly more prevalent in the presence of hyperandrogenemia: rs1800447/rs34349826 (Trp28Arg/Ile35Thr) (p=0.02). CONCLUSION(S): In this series, a modulatory effect of LHB polymorphisms on hyperandrogenemia phenotype of PCOS was observed; however, this finding needs to be replicated in other populations.

Aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico e manejo dos tumores que produzem catecolaminas: feocromocitomas e paragangliomas / Clinical aspects, diagnosis and management of catecolamin-producing tumors: pheocromocitomas and paragangiomas

Os feocromocitomas e paragangliomas são tumores raros, originários de células cromafins. Os primeiros localizam-se na medula suprarrenal e os últimos podem ser encontrados em qualquer local ao longo das cadeias simpática sou parassimpáticas do sistema nervoso autônomo. Constituem causa potencialmente curável de hipertensão arterial. Usualmente, secretam catecolaminas, incluindo-se dopamina, adrenalina e noradrenalina, responsáveis pela tríade semiológica clássica de manifestações: episódios paroxísticos de cefaléia, diaforese e palpitação. No entanto, a apresentação clínica é muito variável, e um grande número de pacientes pode ser oligo- ou assintomático, sugerindo que a parte significativa dos casos não é diagnosticada. Alta suspeição, uso racional de exames laboratoriais e métodos de imagem apropriados dão o diagnóstico anatômico e funcional preciso. Este artigo traz uma revisão sobre as recomendações mais atuais para abordagem desses tumores endócrinos.

Pheocromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare tumors, originated from chromaffim cells. The first ones are located in the suprarrenal medulla, and the others are found somewhere along the sympathetic and parasympathetic chains from the autonomous neural system. They constitute a potentially curable cause of arterial hypertension. Usually, they secrete cathecolamines, including dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the classic triad of manifestations: paroxysms of cephaleia, diaphoresis and palpitations. However, clinical presentation is very heterogeneous and a significant number of patients are oligo- or assymptomatic, suggesting that the majority of these cases may not be detected. High suspicion, rational use of laboratorial exams and appropriate imaging methods lead to accurate functional and anatomical diagnosis. The present article brings a revision about the most recent recommendations for management of these endocrine tumors.