RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent evidence has suggested that pilocarpine (ACh receptor agonist) injected peripherally may act centrally producing salivation and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific M(1) (pirenzepine), M(2)/M(4) (methoctramine), M(1)/M(3) (4-DAMP) and M(4) (tropicamide) muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LV) on salivation, water intake and pressor responses to peripheral pilocarpine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulae implanted in the LV were used. Salivation was measured in rats anaesthetized with ketamine (100 mg per kg body weight) and arterial pressure was recorded in unanaesthetized rats. KEY RESULTS: Salivation induced by i.p. pilocarpine (4 micromol per kg body weight) was reduced only by 4-DAMP (25-250 nmol) injected into the LV, not by pirenzepine, methoctramine or tropicamide at the dose of 500 nmol. Pirenzepine (0.1 and 1 nmol) and 4-DAMP (5 and 10 nmol) injected into the LV reduced i.p. pilocarpine-induced water intake, whereas metoctramine (50 nmol) produced nonspecific effects on ingestive behaviours. Injection of pirenzepine (100 nmol) or 4-DAMP (25 and 50 nmol) into the LV reduced i.v. pilocarpine-induced pressor responses. Tropicamide (500 nmol) injected into the LV had no effect on pilocarpine-induced salivation, pressor responses or water intake. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The results suggest that central M(3) receptors are involved in peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation and M(1) receptors in water intake and pressor responses. The involvement of M(3) receptors in water intake and pressor responses is not clear because 4-DAMP blocks both M(1) and M(3) receptors.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Ingestão de Líquido/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacologia , Pilocarpina/farmacologia , Receptores Muscarínicos/fisiologia , Saliva/metabolismo , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Diaminas/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Injeções Intraventriculares , Masculino , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirenzepina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Muscarínicos/classificação , Tropicamida/farmacologiaRESUMO
Percutaneous renal biopsy is a fundamental diagnostic technique in urology and nephrology, recently refined by real-time ultrasonic guidance. The technique described in this article is a biopsy method employing real-time ultrasonic guidance and a semiautomated device. The new device has been constructed to improve percutaneous biopsy technique and to obtain more perfect specimens. This technique was successfully performed in 20 patients undergoing renal biopsy. Diagnostically satisfactory material containing an average of ten glomeruli per specimen was obtained. The results obtained with the new device Biopty Bard have been compared with the results obtained from the same number of biopsies performed with the traditional technique.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha/instrumentação , Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Rim/patologia , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The appropriate methods for early detection and the more effective drugs for best treatment of "other" Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are reviewed: the most important target is to prevent sequelae of infection like seminal phlogosis, woman's pelvic phlogosis, impotency, sterility.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/complicações , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Percutaneous renal biopsy is a fundamental diagnostic technique in clinical nephrology, recently refined by real-time ultrasonic guidance. The technique described in this paper is a biopsy method employing real-time ultrasonic guidance and a semi-automated device. This technique has been successfully performed in 10 patients undergoing renal biopsy. Diagnostically satisfactory material containing an average of 9 glomeruli for specimen was obtained.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha/instrumentação , Glomérulos Renais/patologia , Ultrassonografia , Adulto , Idoso , Automação , Biópsia por Agulha/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter, a mesodermal benign tumor, are rare. The first case of a fibroepithelial ureteral polyp associated with bilateral complete ureteral duplication and another case associated with bilateral hydronephrosis are reported. The first case suggested a malformative congenital etiology. The two fibroepithelial polyps were treated by conservative surgery.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Pólipos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ureterais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Hidronefrose/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Pelve Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Pólipos/complicações , Pólipos/patologia , Pólipos/cirurgia , Ureter/anormalidades , Neoplasias Ureterais/complicações , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgiaRESUMO
Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at increased risk of developing certain malignant tumours. The authors report a case of renal tumour in a HIV-positive patient.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática , NefrectomiaRESUMO
The value of intraoperative anterograde spermatic phlebography in the treatment of varicocele is maintained. The knowledge of the vascular anatomy making it possible to adapt surgical tactics to the needs of the particular patient. Use of this technique significantly reduced the risk of postoperative recurrences.
Assuntos
Flebografia , Cordão Espermático/irrigação sanguínea , Varicocele/cirurgia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva , Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico por imagem , Varicocele/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Criptorquidismo/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Criptorquidismo/complicações , Criptorquidismo/patologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipogonadismo/etiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Síndrome de Klinefelter/complicações , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
Experience is described in the use of indirect immunofluorescence to reveal ABO surface antigens in transitional tumours of the bladder on histological preparations from 50 patients given endoscopic resection or demolitive surgery. After an adequate period of follow-up (mean 13.7 months) of the same patients it is concluded that the prognostic validity of the survey still fails to offer sufficient specificity for guaranteed support of therapeutic decisions.
Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Imunofluorescência , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Humanos , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/imunologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
Varicocele which is relatively common after puberty may cause even severe alterations to fertility. Sequential Isotopic Scrotal Angiography (SISA) was used for the diagnosis of this condition in both the recognition and confirmation phase. This dynamic and static survey based on the use of 99mTc-pyrophosphate proved able to discriminate between the various degrees of varicocele. No statement can as yet be made on the specificity and sensitivity of the examination since so few cases have so far been checked with other techniques (Doppler-Telethermography-Phlebography) and an insufficient number of postsurgical controls came to our observation.
Assuntos
Varicocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Difosfatos , Humanos , Masculino , Cintilografia , Tecnécio , Pirofosfato de Tecnécio Tc 99m , Varicocele/classificaçãoRESUMO
132 patients were examined by Sequential Isotopic Scrotal Angiography (SISA) to determine whether or not they had primary varicoceles. The results with SISA were more reliable than those of clinical examination and scrotal telethermography. It is a rapid, simple and essentially harmless procedure that also provides pictures that can clearly present the situation to the patient. The principal indications for the examination are to confirm the presence of small varicoceles and to look for clinically non-detectable (subclinical) varicoceles.
Assuntos
Escroto/irrigação sanguínea , Varicocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
Method and results are presented for the cystoscintigraphic detection with 99mTc-DTPA, associated with urodynamic examination for the evaluation of the vesicoureteral reflux, involving a relatively simple execution. The use of this method is advised in Pediatrics because of its low gonadal dose, thorough examination and least aggressiveness.
Assuntos
Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/diagnóstico , Criança , Computadores , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Manometria , Ácido Pentético , Cintilografia , Tecnécio , Pentetato de Tecnécio Tc 99m , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
Pathology and Cytology departments are making increasing use of cytological examination of the semen as an aid to the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility. Even in cases where it may seem superfluous, as in azoospermia, it can be used to reveal the presence of immature reproductive cells indicating retarded maturation. It may also reveal a greater or lesser number of inflamed cells, indicating swelling of the spermatic vesicles. In this case the patient will be subjected to more specific tests (the Stamey EPS-EVS tests). Spermatic and prostatic vesicle cells are not often examined but this may be done to investigate the origin of the secretion and the site of any swelling.