Avaliação da implantação do Consultório na Rua: um estudo de caso / Evaluation of the implementation of the Clinic on the Street: a case study

Resumo Objetivamos compreender as adaptações do programa Consultório na Rua ao contexto territorial, a partir das bases normativas, realizadas por uma equipe atuante na cidade de São Paulo, que oferece cuidado em saúde para as pessoas em situação de rua. Realizamos análise de implantação da mesma, por meio de pesquisa participativa e estudo avaliativo de caso, que envolveu observação participante, entrevistas e análise documental. Os trabalhos de campo e posterior discussão com a equipe subsidiaram a elaboração do modelo lógico e a elaboração e preenchimento da matriz de avaliação. Os resultados indicam avançado grau de implantação do caso estudado, com exceção do atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas e da garantia da logística à itinerância da equipe. O programa enfrenta desafios diante de restrições da gestão e limitações da rede de serviços do município, que impedem o alcance da equidade.

Abstract We aim to understand the adaptations of Clinic on the Street program to the territorial context, based on the normative bases, carried out by a team, which offers health care for people in homelessness. For this, we carried out an analysis of its implementation, through participating research and evaluative case study, which involved participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis. Fieldwork and subsequent discussion with the team supported the development of the logical model and the preparation and completion of the evaluation matrix. The results indicate an advanced degree of implementation of the case studied, except for serving users of psychoactive substances and ensuring logistics to the team's itinerancy. The program faces challenges in the face of management restrictions and limitations of the municipality's service network, which hinder the achievement of equity.

Atenção nutricional na Atenção Primária à Saúde: um estudo comparativo de duas macrorregiões do estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Nutritional care in Primary Health Care: a comparative study of two macro-regions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo Introdução Ainda que a importância das ações relacionadas à alimentação e à nutrição sejam reconhecidas, especialmente para a Estratégia Saúde da Família, são escassos os estudos voltados à organização da atenção nutricional no Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo Descrever e comparar a organização da Atenção Nutricional (AN) na Atenção Primária à Saúde em duas macrorregiões do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Método O presente estudo transversal contemplou 115 serviços da Estratégia Saúde da Família, utilizando um instrumento estruturado, realizando uma análise descritiva dos dados e aplicando o teste exato de Fisher para verificar as associações entre a variável "região" e as demais variáveis de interesse. Resultados Foram realizadas 115 entrevistas com os gestores de 31 municípios. Verificou-se uma frequência maior de ações na RMBS, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as seguintes variáveis: papel do agente comunitário de saúde; avaliação individual do consumo alimentar, campanhas de vacinação e atividades grupais; mensuração do Índice de Massa Corporal na curva gestacional; apoio ao aleitamento materno; orientações sobre alimentação complementar e atendimento de equipe multidisciplinar para sobrepeso. Conclusão Foi observada uma predominância da AN na RMBS. Entretanto, existem limites a serem superados em ambas as regiões, demandando uma análise da qualidade dessas ações para alcançar a integralidade.

Abstract Background Although the importance of food and nutrition actions is recognized, especially in the Family Health Strategy, there are few studies on the organization of nutritional care in the Unified Health System. Objective To describe and compare the organization of Nutritional Care-AN in Primary Health Care in two macroregions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Method This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 115 Family Health Strategy services. A structured instrument was used. Descriptive data analysis and Fisher's exact test were performed to verify associations between the variable 'region' and those of interest. Results 115 interviews were conducted with managers from 31 municipalities. There was a higher frequency of actions at RMBS, with statistically significant differences for the following variables: role of community health agent; individual assessment of food intake, vaccination campaigns, and group activities; measurement of body mass index in the gestational curve; breastfeeding support; guidelines on complementary feeding and multidisciplinary team care for overweight. Conclusion AN predominated in RMBS. However, in both regions, there are limits to be overcome, requiring the analysis of the quality of these actions to achieve completeness.

Telehealth for Supporting Referrals to Specialized Care During COVID-19.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the suspension or postponement of care for non-urgent conditions worldwide. Regula Mais Brasil is an initiative of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil to optimize the management of referrals to specialized care by using telehealth. Objectives: To report the expansion of telehealth activities of Regula Mais Brasil in response to COVID-19 and to assess qualification of referrals in primary health care (PHC) units as well as the added value of teleconsultation in qualifying referral cases. Methods: Descriptive study of the teleconsultations carried out as an additional strategy to the remotely operated referral management system, responsible for navigating cases from PHC units to specialized care in Recife, Brazil, between May 6, 2020 and September 30, 2020. Teleconsultation was implemented as a tool for reducing delays in the access to health care due to COVID-19 and ultimately allowed for reclassification of the referral adequacy and priority. Changes in referral priority ratings and referral decisions after teleconsultation were analyzed. Results: A total of 622 referral cases were analyzed. Approved referrals represented 51.9% of cases. The main reason for approved referrals was the need for diagnostic resources. There was a reduction in priority ratings in 449 cases (72.2%) after teleconsultation. There was a statistically significant association between the change of priority ratings and the decision on referral (Pearson's χ2, p-value <0.0001). Results show that telemedicine had an impact on the prioritization and qualification of cases referred to specialized services. Conclusions: A need was detected to rapidly adapt tools available for telemedicine in Brazil. Our results demonstrate that teleconsultation as an additional strategy to the remotely operated referral management system has contributed toward improving equitable access to specialized services.

Description of e-Health Initiatives to Reduce Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Burden on Brazilian Health System.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) account for 72% of the causes of death in Brazil. In 2013, 54 million Brazilians reported having at least one NCD. The implementation of e-Health in the Unified Health System (SUS) could fill gaps in access to health in primary health care (PHC). OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate telehealth strategies carried out within the scope of the Institutional Development Support Program of the Unified Health System (PROADI-SUS) and developed by Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, between 2018 and 2021, on evaluation, supply, and problem-solving capacity for patients with NCDs. METHODOLOGY: a prospective and descriptive study of three projects in the telehealth areas, using document analysis. The Brasil Redes project used availability, implementation, and cost-effectiveness analysis, TELEconsulta Diabetes is a randomized clinical trial, and Regula Mais Brasil is focused on the waiting list for regulation of specialties. All those strategies were developed within the scope of the SUS. RESULTS: 161 patients were attended by endocrinology teleconsultation in one project and another two research projects, one evaluating Brazil's Telehealth Network Program, and another evaluating effectiveness and safety of teleconsultation in patients with diabetes mellitus referred from primary care to specialized care in SUS. Despite the discrepancy in the provision of telehealth services in the country, there was an increase in access to specialized care on the three projects and especially on the Regula Mais Brasil Collaborative project; we observed a reduction on waiting time and favored distance education processes. CONCLUSION: the three projects offered subsidies for decision-making by the Ministry of Health in e-Health and two developed technologies that could be incorporated into SUS.

Health care of people in homelessness: a comparative study of mobile units in Portugal, United States and Brazil. / Atenção à saúde de pessoas em situação de rua: estudo comparado de unidades móveis em Portugal, Estados Unidos e Brasil.

This paper describes and analyzes the legal and normative framework guiding the use of mobile units in Portugal, United States and Brazil, which seek to improve access and continuity of care for people in homelessness. We used a comparative analysis through literature and documentary review relating three categories: context (demographic, socio-economic and epidemiological), services system (access, coverage, organization, management and financing) and, specifically, mobile units (design, care and financing model). The analysis was based on the theory of convergence/divergence between health systems from the perspective of equity in health. Improving access, addressing psychoactive substances abuse, outreach and multidisciplinary work proved to be common to all three countries, with the potential to reduce inequities. Relationships with primary healthcare, use of vehicles and the type of financing are considered differently in the three countries, influencing the greater or lesser extent of equity in the analyzed proposals.

Atenção à saúde de pessoas em situação de rua: estudo comparado de unidades móveis em Portugal, Estados Unidos e Brasil / Health care of people in homelessness: a comparative study of mobile units in Portugal, United States and Brazil

Resumo O trabalho descreve e analisa o quadro legal e normativo que orienta o uso de unidades móveis em Portugal, Estados Unidos e Brasil, que buscam melhorar o acesso e a continuidade dos cuidados em saúde de pessoas em situação de rua. Utilizou-se a análise comparada, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e documental relacionando três categorias: contexto (demográfico, socioeconômico e epidemiológico), sistema de serviços (acesso, cobertura, organização, gestão e financiamento) e as unidades móveis especificamente (concepção, modelo de atenção e financiamento). A análise fundamentou-se na teoria da convergência/divergência entre os sistemas de saúde, pela perspectiva da equidade em saúde. A melhoria do acesso, a abordagem do uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas, busca ativa e trabalho multidisciplinar mostrou-se comuns aos três países, com potencial para reduzir as iniquidades. As relações com a atenção primária, uso de veículos e o tipo de financiamento são consideradas de maneira divergente nos três países, influenciando o maior ou menor alcance da equidade nas propostas analisadas.

Abstract This paper describes and analyzes the legal and normative framework guiding the use of mobile units in Portugal, United States and Brazil, which seek to improve access and continuity of care for people in homelessness. We used a comparative analysis through literature and documentary review relating three categories: context (demographic, socio-economic and epidemiological), services system (access, coverage, organization, management and financing) and, specifically, mobile units (design, care and financing model). The analysis was based on the theory of convergence/divergence between health systems from the perspective of equity in health. Improving access, addressing psychoactive substances abuse, outreach and multidisciplinary work proved to be common to all three countries, with the potential to reduce inequities. Relationships with primary healthcare, use of vehicles and the type of financing are considered differently in the three countries, influencing the greater or lesser extent of equity in the analyzed proposals.

The concept of territory in Mental Health. / A concepção de território na Saúde Mental.

The term "territory" and its correlates have become commonplace in the field of Mental Health since the psychiatric reform, a potentially emancipatory milestone in non-hospital-centered ideals. However, in a previous empirical study, we found a lack of consistent concepts and practices (corresponding to the use of this term) in the territorial reinsertion of persons with mental illness. To clarify the term's various uses and its possible correlations in practice, we have conducted a systematic survey of scientific articles and official documents, comparing them to each other and with the concept of territory from Critical Geography. We conclude that in the Mental Health field in Brazil, despite numerous and repeated critical efforts, a functional notion of territory has prevailed, overlooking power relations and symbolic appropriations, increasing the tendency of subjecting the reinsertion of persons with mental illness to a given territory rather than favoring socio-spatial transformations for the coexistence of differences.

A concepção de território na Saúde Mental / La concepción de territorio en la Salud Mental / The concept of territory in Mental Health

Resumo: O termo território e seus derivados se tornaram correntes no campo da Saúde Mental desde a reforma psiquiátrica, marco de ideário não hospitalocêntrico e potencialmente emancipatório. No entanto, constatamos em pesquisa empírica anterior que a essa incorporação terminológica não corresponderam concepções e práticas coerentes de reinserção territorial de pessoas com sofrimento mental. Para esclarecer os diversos usos do termo e suas possíveis correlações na prática, realizamos um levantamento sistemático de artigos científicos e documentos oficiais, confrontando-os entre si e com o conceito de território da Geografia Crítica. Concluímos que no campo da Saúde Mental brasileira, à revelia de muitos e sempre renovados esforços críticos, tem prevalecido uma noção funcional de território, que omite relações de poder e apropriações simbólicas, aumentando a tendência de a reinserção de pessoas com sofrimento mental desembocar na sua sujeição ao território dado, em vez de favorecer transformações socioespaciais para o convívio com as diferenças.

Resumen: El término territorio y sus derivaciones se han hecho habituales en el campo de la Salud Mental desde la reforma psiquiátrica, marco del ideario no hospitalocéntrico y potencialmente emancipatorio. No obstante, constatamos en la investigación empírica precedente que a esa incorporación terminológica no le correspondieron concepciones y prácticas coherentes de reinserción territorial de personas con enfermedades mentales. Para aclarar los diversos usos del término, y sus posibles correlaciones en la práctica, realizamos una localización sistemática de artículos científicos y documentos oficiales, comparándolos entre sí y con el concepto de territorio de la Geografía Crítica. Concluimos que en el campo de la Salud Mental brasileña, a pesar de los muchos, y siempre renovados esfuerzos críticos, ha prevalecido una noción funcional de territorio, que omite relaciones de poder y apropiaciones simbólicas, aumentando la tendencia de la reinserción de personas con enfermedades mentales que desembocan en su sujeción a un territorio determinado, en vez de favorecer transformaciones socio-espaciales para la convivencia en diversidad.

Abstract: The term "territory" and its correlates have become commonplace in the field of Mental Health since the psychiatric reform, a potentially emancipatory milestone in non-hospital-centered ideals. However, in a previous empirical study, we found a lack of consistent concepts and practices (corresponding to the use of this term) in the territorial reinsertion of persons with mental illness. To clarify the term's various uses and its possible correlations in practice, we have conducted a systematic survey of scientific articles and official documents, comparing them to each other and with the concept of territory from Critical Geography. We conclude that in the Mental Health field in Brazil, despite numerous and repeated critical efforts, a functional notion of territory has prevailed, overlooking power relations and symbolic appropriations, increasing the tendency of subjecting the reinsertion of persons with mental illness to a given territory rather than favoring socio-spatial transformations for the coexistence of differences.

Access, equity and social cohesion: evaluation of intersectoral strategies for people experiencing homelessness / Acceso, equidad y cohesión social: evaluación de estrategias intersectoriales para la población en situación de calle / Acesso, equidade e coesão social: avaliação de estratégias intersetoriais para a população em situação de rua

Objective To understand and evaluate the work of intersectoral assistance on the insertion and the flow of people in situation of street with severe mental illness in public services of Mental Health. Method A case study developed from ten visits to a night shelter between March and April 2012. For data collection, the participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out with four sheltered individuals, as well as non-directive group interviews with five technicians of the social-assistance services. Results Were analyzed using Content Analysis and developing a Logic Model validated with the professionals involved. Conclusion The social assistance services are the main entry of this clientele in the public network of assistance services, and the Mental Health services have difficulty in responding to the specificities of the same clientele and in establishing intersectoral work.
 .

Objetivo Compreender e avaliar o trabalho de assistência intersetorial sobre a inserção e o fluxo de pessoas em situação de rua, com transtorno mental grave, nos serviços públicos de Saúde Mental. Método Estudo de caso, desenvolvido a partir de 10 visitas a um albergue, entre março e abril de 2012. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada a observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro albergados, além de entrevistas não diretivas em grupo, com cinco técnicos dos serviços socioassistenciais. Resultados Foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo e da elaboração de Modelo Lógico, e validados junto aos profissionais envolvidos. Conclusão Os serviços socioassistenciais são a principal entrada dessa clientela à rede pública de assistência, e que os serviços de Saúde Mental apresentam dificuldades em responder às especificidades dessa mesma clientela e estabelecer trabalho intersetorial.
 .

Objetivo Comprender y evaluar el trabajo de asistencia intersectorial acerca de la inserción y el flujo de personas en situación de calle, con trastorno mental severo, en los servicios públicos de Salud Mental. Método Estudio de caso, desarrollado a partir de 10 visitas a un albergue, entre marzo y abril de 2012. Para la recolección de datos fue realizada la observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas con cuatro albergados, además de entrevistas no directivas en grupo, con cinco técnicos de los servicios socioasistenciales. Resultados Fueron validados mediante el Análisis de Contenido y la confección del Modelo Lógico, y validados junto a los profesionales involucrados. Conclusión Los servicios socioasistenciales son la principal forma de ingreso de esa clientela a la red pública de asistencia, y que los servicios de Salud Mental presentan dificultades de responder a las especificidades de dicha clientela y establecer trabajo intersectorial. .

[Access, equity and social cohesion: evaluation of intersectoral strategies for people experiencing homelessness]. / Acesso, equidade e coesão social: avaliaçã de estratégias intersetoriais para a população em situação de rua.

OBJECTIVE: To understand and evaluate the work of intersectoral assistance on the insertion and the flow of people in situation of street with severe mental illness in public services of Mental Health. METHOD: A case study developed from ten visits to a night shelter between March and April 2012. For data collection, the participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out with four sheltered individuals, as well as non-directive group interviews with five technicians of the social-assistance services. RESULTS: Were analyzed using Content Analysis and developing a Logic Model validated with the professionals involved. CONCLUSION: The social assistance services are the main entry of this clientele in the public network of assistance services, and the Mental Health services have difficulty in responding to the specificities of the same clientele and in establishing intersectoral work.


Acesso e intersetorialidade: o acompanhamento de pessoas em situação de rua com transtorno mental grave / Access and intersectoriality: tracking street dwellers with severe mental disorder

Neste artigo, abordamos o acesso de pessoas em situação de rua com transtorno mental grave aos serviços públicos de saúde mental. Para tanto, realizamos revisão narrativa sobre o tema. Concluímos que os serviços de Assistência Social têm frequente contato com essa parcela da população, oferecendo respostas às suas necessidades, como moradia e resgate de direitos civis. Os serviços de saúde mental ainda apresentam dificuldades em estabelecer estratégias para o atendimento às pessoas em sofrimento mental na própria rua e em inseri-las em CAPS e UBS. Desse modo, a rede socioassistencial tem sido frequentemente a porta de entrada dessa população aos serviços de saúde mental, indicando que o trabalho intersetorial precisa ser mais bem desenvolvido para a efetividade do acesso à rede pública de saúde.

In this paper, we address the access of homeless people with severe mental disorder to public mental health care. To this end, we conducted a narrative review on the topic and concluded that Social Welfare services have frequent contact with that portion of the population, providing answers to their needs, such as housing and civil rights of redemption. Mental health services still have difficulty establishing strategies to care for people in mental distress in the street and enter them in CAPS and health units. Thus, the welfare network has often been the gateway of this population to mental health services, indicating that the intersectoral work needs to be further developed to ensure effective access to public health services.