RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nasojugal groove and tear trough are interchangeably used terms by many authors in the literature despite the fact that they describe distinct and different anatomic entities. In the same vein, there are multiple descriptions of treatments and techniques for the cosmetic improvement of these anatomic areas without specifically addressing the anatomic difference between them. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to define the anatomic characteristics of the tear trough and describe a novel classification scale for the evaluation of the tear trough deformity. METHODS: The tear trough rating scale (TTRS) was applied to a representative sample of our patient population. Five of the authors evaluated each patient using the TTRS, and the numeric results were tabulated and compared. Results The TTRS provided an effective, reproducible method for evaluating tear trough deformities, and there was very little interobserver variability. CONCLUSION: The tear trough should be defined as the depression of the medial lower eyelid just lateral to the anterior lacrimal crest and limited in its inferior aspect by the inferior orbital rim. The TTRS is a reliable tool for the classification of the tear trough and evaluation of therapeutic and cosmetic interventions.
Assuntos
Aparelho Lacrimal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Envelhecimento da Pele , Adulto , Blefaroplastia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RitidoplastiaRESUMO
The oculo-facial surgeon's quest for non-invasive procedures is a response to increasing patient demands for enhanced results without any downtime. Technology has obliged us with multiple injectable and light therapeutic modalities that tighten skin, relax and fill in wrinkles, and improve skin dyspigmentation and texture. When these techniques are combined, the results are superior to the use of individual therapies alone. The foundation for combination therapies are: botulinum toxin, filling agents, chemical peels, intense pulsed light, non-ablative and ablative lasers.
Assuntos
Técnicas Cosméticas , Rejuvenescimento , Ritidoplastia/métodos , Blefaroplastia/métodos , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Abrasão Química , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Seleção de Pacientes , Envelhecimento da PeleRESUMO
Botox (and other botulinum toxins), injectable filling agents, chemical peeling agents, intense pulsed light devices, nonablative lasers, and radiofrequency instrumentation are discussed herein regarding their specific applications to different facial areas for oculofacial rejuvenation.
Assuntos
Abrasão Química/métodos , Dermabrasão/métodos , Olho , Face , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Rejuvenescimento , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Envelhecimento da PeleRESUMO
This article provides an overview of upper eyelid anatomy and racial variations, functional indications in upper lid blepharoplasty, and various surgical techniques.
Assuntos
Blefaroplastia/métodos , Pálpebras/cirurgia , HumanosRESUMO
Cosmetic upper eyelid blepharoplasty is not a procedure comprising skin and fat resection only. Efficient and effective functional repair of the upper lid requires brow stabilization or elevation, levator aponeurotic repair, lacrimal gland suspension, and cutaneous laser resurfacing when necessary.
Assuntos
Blefaroplastia/métodos , Pálpebras/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid as an injectable filling agent. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, retrospective, interventional case series. RESULTS: A total of 1446 consecutive patients (1029 women and 417 men) underwent intradermal injection of commercially available nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid (2242 treatments) for the enhancement of lip volume and contour and the reduction of visible facial rhytids. Almost 61% of all patients remained satisfied with their results after 9 months. The effect was longest in the glabellar and nasolabial fold areas. Minimal transient sequelae were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid is an effective and safe facial soft tissue expander. Its duration varies with each facial area treated.
Assuntos
Ácido Hialurônico/administração & dosagem , Lábio , Ritidoplastia , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intradérmicas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
O uso do laser de dióxido de carbono em cirurgia cosmética veio aperfeiçoar a arte da blefaroplastia. Não é apenas uma nova técnica cirúrgica, mas uma nova arte para ser aprendida pelo cirurgião cosmético. Pelo seu grande potencial pode-se corrigir deformidades e imperfeições de tecidos moles, com um mínimo de sangramento e grande precisão. Pode ser usado para fazer incisões bem definidas com a sua ponta de corte. Faz-se uma incisão na pele da pálpebra superior, disseca-se os tecidos palpebrais e esculpe-se a gordura periorbitária por vaporização. Na pálpebra inferior, incisa-se a conjuntiva e esculpe-se a gordura herniada, sem incisão aparente. Com a ponta de "resurfacing", as rugas de expressão e faciais podem ser atenuadas. Nos pacientes descritos nesse trabalho foram usados o laser CO2 da Coherent - "5000 UltraPulse" e laser de CO2 "Silk Touch" da Sharplan.
