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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(5-6): 289-294, 2022 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35657185

RESUMO

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Classification of asthma in different phenotypes has therapeutic implications and may lead to personalized medicine. Induced sputum is the gold standard for asthma phenotyping but is complex, time-consuming and not widely available. The combination of different biomarkers such as exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophils and total serum IgE levels allows the prediction of inflammatory phenotype in 58% of asthmatic patients when sputum is not available. We recently demonstrated the interest of measuring volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath to phenotype asthma. These compounds could play an important role in the future to predict the response to expensive biologicals available in severe asthma to reduce exacerbations and the use of systemic corticosteroids.


: L'asthme est une pathologie inflammatoire chronique des voies respiratoires. Classer l'asthme en différents phénotypes inflammatoires a des implications thérapeutiques importantes et peut conduire à un traitement personnalisé. Le gold standard pour l'établissement du phénotype inflammatoire est l'analyse de l'expectoration induite qui est une technique complexe, difficilement accessible en routine. La combinaison de plusieurs biomarqueurs d'intérêt tels le monoxyde d'azote dans l'air exhalé, l'éosinophilie systémique et le taux d'IgE sérique permet de prédire correctement le phénotype inflammatoire dans 58% des cas. Récemment, nous avons également mis en évidence l'intérêt de la détection de molécules dans l'haleine. Ces composés organiques volatiles pourraient représenter des biomarqueurs futurs de la réponse au traitement, spécialement dans l'asthme sévère, pour lequel des traitements ciblés coûteux sont actuellement disponibles en vue de réduire les exacerbations et le recours aux corticostéroïdes oraux.


Assuntos
Asma , Medicina de Precisão , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores , Eosinófilos , Humanos , Fenótipo , Escarro
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(10): 768-772, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34632748

RESUMO

Here we present pharmacological and clinical properties of a new fixed triple inhaled combination including an inhaled corticoid, a long acting ?2 agonist and a long acting anticholinergic for the treatment of severe asthma. Enerzair® is the name of this triple combination which contains 160 µg mometasone, 150 µg indacaterol and 50 µg glycopyrronium administered by a Breezhaler®. As compared to an ICS/LABA combination Enerzair® improves expiratory flow rates and reduces exacerbation rate. The Breezhaler® device may be coupled to a sensor (Propeller Health) that, through a bluetooth system, allows to control patient adherence and provides recall to the patient to take his aerosol.


Nous présentons, dans cet article, les propriétés pharmacologiques et les effets cliniques d'une nouvelle triple combinaison fixe inhalée comprenant un corticoïde inhalé, un ?2 mimétique à longue durée d'action et un anticholinergique à longue durée d'action destinée au traitement de l'asthme sévère. Cette combinaison qui porte le nom d'Enerzair® regroupe dans le même dispositif (le Breezhaler®) 160 µg de mométasone, 150 µg d'indacatérol et 50 µg de glycopyrronium. Par rapport à une combinaison corticoïde inhalé et ?2 mimétique, l'Enerzair® améliore la valeur des débits expiratoires et réduit la fréquence des exacerbations. Le dispositif peut être couplé à un capteur (Propeller Health) qui, par un système bluetooth, offre la possibilité de surveiller l'adhérence au traitement et fournit un rappel de prise au patient.


Assuntos
Asma , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Administração por Inalação , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Glicopirrolato , Humanos , Indanos , Furoato de Mometasona/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Quinolonas
3.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 179: 113981, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32305435

RESUMO

Demonstration of bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a key feature in asthma diagnosis. Methacholine challenge has proved to be a highly sensitive test to diagnose asthma in patients with chronic respiratory symptoms and preserved baseline lung function (FEV1 > 70% pred.) but is time consuming and may sometimes reveal unpleasant to the patient. We conducted a retrospective study on 270 patients recruited from the University Asthma Clinic of Liege. We have compared the values of several lung function indices and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in predicting a provocative methacholine concentration ≤16 mg/ml on a discovery cohort of 129 patients (57 already on ICS) and on a validation cohort of 141 patients (66 already on ICS). In the discovery study (n = 129), 85 patients (66%) had a positive methacholine challenge with PC20M ≤ 16 mg/ml. Those patients had lower baseline % predicted FEV1 (92% vs. 100%; p < 0.01), lower FEV1/FVC ratio (79% vs. 82%; p < 0.05), higher RV/TLC ratio (114% vs. 100%; p < 0,0001), lower SGaw (specific conductance) (0.76 vs. 0.95; p < 0,001) and higher FeNO (29 ppb vs. 19 ppb; p < 0,01). When performing ROC curve the RV/TLC ratio provided the greatest AUC (0.74, p < 0.001), sGAW had intermediate AUC of 0.69 (p < 0.001) while FeNO, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were modestly predictive (AUC of 0.65 (p < 0.05), 0,67 (p < 0.001) and 0,63 (p < 0.001). These results were confirmed in the validation study (n = 141). Based on a logistic regression analysis, significant variables associated with positive methacholine challenge were FeNO and RV/TLC (% Pred). A combined application of FeNO and RV/TLC (% Pred) for predicting the PC20M had a specificity of 85%, a sensitivity of 59% and an AUC of 0.79. In the validation study, three variables (RV/TLC, FeNO and FEV1) were independently associated with positive methacholine challenge and the combination of these three variables yielded a specificity of 77%, a sensitivity of 39% and an AUC of 0.77. The RV/TLC ratio combined to FeNO may be of interest to predict significant methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness.


Assuntos
Asma/fisiopatologia , Cloreto de Metacolina/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Testes Respiratórios/métodos , Brônquios/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pletismografia Total , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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