[Improvement of prescriptions for serum tumor markers in a general hospital]. / Amélioration de la prescription de marqueurs tumoraux sériques dans un hôpital général.

OBJECTIVES: Using a standardized prescription sheet we attempted to improve requests for serum tumor markers in a general hospital. METHODS: Over two 35-day periods before and one year after defining a local prescription consensus and introducing a new prescription sheet, we counted the number of orders for five tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, CA 125, alpha FP) and determined their compliance to the defined prescription protocol. RESULTS: Between the two study periods, the number of prescriptions for the designated tumor markers fell by 24%, from 153 requests in 94 patients to 123 requests in 99 patients, despite a 6% increase in the number of admissions. There was a significant reduction in the number of serum markers orders per prescription (from 1.6 to 1.2) although the distribution by tumor marker remained unchanged. Compliance to the prescription protocol improved, rising from 65 to 87% in units where the pre-protocol compliance rate was below 80%. The rate of compliance was not correlated with correct completion of the new prescription sheet (91% vs 86% respectively). The 6-month cost-savings was estimated at 31,104 FF using the general French nomenclature for laboratory tests. Direct cost reduction was estimated at 5,688 FF. CONCLUSION: Long-lasting improvement of serum tumor marker prescriptions can be achieved in a general hospital. Obtaining a local consensus implicating all prescribing units seems more important than a change in the presentation of the prescription sheet.

Diet-induced thermogenesis in HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether postprandial dietary thermogenesis contributes to weight loss during HIV infection. METHODS: The thermogenic response to a test meal (15 kcal/kg) was evaluated with indirect calorimetry in 16 HIV-infected patients in a stable condition and compared with a control group. Patients were compared according to AIDS (n = 8) or non-AIDS (n = 8) status and to body weight loss (WL; n = 9) or no loss (NL; n = 7). Indirect calorimetry was performed after fasting 6 h and during 5 h after the test meal. RESULTS: Maximum value of energy expenditure was reached later in the WL group than in the control and NL group (200 versus 30 min, respectively). Energy expenditure returned to the initial value 300 min after the test meal (last measurement) in the control group but remained elevated in the patient group. Energy expenditure after food intake was more elevated in HIV-infected patients than in controls, especially in patients with detectable clinical change in their nutritional status (0.96 versus 0.72 kcal/kg body weight). CONCLUSION: Both kinetics and quantitative aspect of dietary thermogenesis are modified during HIV infection and the different variations are dependent on the extent of body weight loss.