Proton dynamics in superprotonic Rb3H(SeO4)2 crystal by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

Broadband dielectric and AC conductivity spectra (1 Hz to 1 THz) of the superprotonic single crystal Rb3H(SeO4)2 (RHSe) along the c axis were studied in a wide temperature range 10 K < T < 475 K that covers the ferroelastic (T < 453 K) and superprotonic (T > 453 K) phases. A contribution of the interfacial electrode polarization layers was separated from the bulk electrical properties and the bulk DC conductivity was evaluated above room temperature. The phase transition to the superprotonic phase was shown to be connected with the steep but almost continuous increase in bulk DC conductivity, and with giant permittivity effects due to the enhanced bulk proton hopping and interfacial electrode polarization layers. The AC conductivity scaling analysis confirms validity of the first universality above room temperature. At low temperatures, although the conductivity was low, the frequency dependence of dielectric loss indicates no clear evidence of the nearly constant loss effect, so-called second universality. The bulk (intrinsic) dielectric properties, AC and DC conductivity of the RHSe crystal at frequencies up to 1 GHz are shown to be caused by the thermally activated proton hopping. The increase of the AC conductivity above 100 GHz could be assigned to the low-frequency wing of proton vibrational modes.

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites.

Core-shell composites of ferromagnetic conducting nanoparticles La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 (LSMO) embedded in an insulating matrix of TiO2 (LSMO@TiO2) have been processed, structurally and magnetically characterized, and their DC magnetoresistivity and complex dielectric response measured and fitted from Hz up to the infrared (IR) range (1014 Hz). XRD indicates that the TiO2 shells are amorphous. Modelling of the IR spectra using standard models based on the effective medium approximation has it confirmed and has characterized the effective phonon modes of the LSMO nanoceramics and LSMO@TiO2 composite. Modelling of the lower-frequency spectra has shown that TiO2 shell thicknesses are rather non-uniform down to thin nm values, which leads to giant low-frequency permittivity values and non-negligible free-carrier tunnelling among the LSMO cores. Two main dielectric dispersion regions were observed and shown to be due to the inhomogeneous conductivity-the one occuring in the 1011-1012 Hz range relates to nonmagnetic less-conducting dead layers on the surface of LSMO nanocrystallites and the broad second one below the 1010 Hz range is due to the non-uniform thicknesses of the dielectric TiO2 shells. In the IR range, effective phonon modes of the LSMO nanoceramics and LSMO@TiO2 composite were characterized from the reflectivity spectra.

Complex permittivity measurements of ferroelectrics employing composite dielectric resonator technique.

Composite cylindrical TE(0n1) mode dielectric resonator has been used for the complex permittivity measurements of ferroelectrics at frequency about 8.8 GHz. Rigorous equations have been derived that allowed us to find a relationship between measured resonance frequency and Q-factor and the complex permittivity. It has been shown that the choice of appropriate diameter of a sample together with rigorous complex angular frequency analysis allows precise measurements of various ferroelectric. Proposed technique can be used for materials having both real and imaginary part of permittivity as large as a few thousand. Variable temperature measurements were performed on a PbMg(1/3)Nb(2/3)O3 (PMN) ceramic sample, and the measured complex permittivity have shown good agreement with the results of measurements obtained on the same sample at lower frequencies (0.1-1.8 GHz).