[Drug resistance of bacterial strains isolated from sows with the clinical picture of mastitis-metritis-agalactia]. / Lekarstvena ustoichivost na shtamove bakterii, izolirirani ot svine maiki s klinika na mastit-metrit-agalaksiia (MMA).

The disk method with Ericson and Bauer's solid nutrient media were employed to ascertain the drug resistance of a total of 54 strains of Escherichia coli, 25 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 11 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 7 strains of Corynebacterium pyogenes, 7 strains of Streptococcus uberis, 2 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 1 strain of Streptococcus disgalactiae isolated from utero-cervical exudate and milk samples of sows with clinical symptoms of mastitis-metritis-agalactia (MMA). It was found that gentamycin only suppressed 100 per cent of the strains. So far as the other chemotherapeutic agents were concerned the organisms showed a varying extent of resistance. After determining the sensitivity of the strains to drugs two groups of pigs (from which the strains referred to were isolated) were subject to treatment. All 20 sows of the first group were treated with oxytocin only, while the 446 animals of the second group were treated with gentamycin in combination with oxytocin. It was found that effective therapy in the case of MMA was impossible with the application of preparations on the base of the hind lobe of the pituitary only. It is necessary to use chemotherapeutic means tow which the isolated organisms are susceptible.

[Effect of low vacuum on the health status of the udder in the machine milking of cows]. / Vliianie na niskiia vakuum vurkhu zdravoslovnoto sustoianie na mlechnata zhleza pri mashinno doene na kravi.

Investigations were carried out with two groups of cows at first lactation to elucidate the effect of low rate vacuum on the health status of the mammary gland. The clinical, cytologic, and microbiologic studies were performed in dynamic. It was found that the milking of cows with the use of 39.9 kPa vacuum produced a negative effect on the normal udder. It led to secretory troubles, subclinical mastitis, and latent infection.

[Microbial etiology of the MMA syndrome (mastitis-metritis-agalactia) in swine raised commercially]. / Mikrobna etiologiia na sindroma MMA pri svinete, otglezhdani pri promishleni usloviia.

A total of 147 uterine-cervical exudates and milk samples from 165 lobes of the mammary gland of sows with clinical symptoms of mastitis-metritis-agalactia (MMA) were studied microbiologically. It was found that greatest was the share of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus organisms taking part in the microbial etiology of the syndrome. Second ranked Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Corynebacterium pyogenes along with some aerobic sporulating bacilli.

[Cefacetril in treatment of clinical bovine mastitis]. / Lekuvane na klinichni mastiti pri kravite s cefacetril.

The dynamic of the reconvalescence process was followed up in the udder of cows treated with the intramammary preparation Cefacetril. Complete therapeutic effect was recorded with 93.10 per cent of the cases, elimination of the infection -- with 86 per cent, and normalization of the cell content -- with 37.93 per cent. It was also established that during recovery the chlorine content of milk dropped, while lactose rose. The percent content of the protein fractions changed, whereupon the serum albumin and the immunoglobulins decreased, and the beta-lactoglobulin and the gamma-lactoglobulin increased.

[Pathohistological changes in the mammae and sex organs of sows with the MMA syndrome]. / Vurkhu patokhistologichnite promeni v mlechnata zhleza i polovite organi pri svine-maiki sus sindroma MMA.

Studied were morphologically the udder and genitalia of 13 sows with the mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome (MMA) and of 3 normal sows from the first to the third day after farrowing. In 53.80 per cent of the cases there were histological changes of acute catarrhal and purulent mastitis, and in 23.08 per cent--degeneration of the glandular epithelium, 23.08 per cent having hypoplasia of the milk alveolae. In 61.80 per cent of the cases the changes in the udder were accompanied with changes in the uterus (catarrhal and purulent endometritis). There were in the ovaries of both the diseased and the normal sows persisting corpora lutea and massive atresia of secondary follicles.

[Clinical, cytological and microbiological studies of the MMA syndrome]. / Klinichni, tsitologichni i mikrobiologichni prouchvaniia na sindroma MMA.

Clinical, cytological, and microbiological investigations were carried out of a total of 793 sows in the course of 10 days after farrowing. It was found that the MMA syndrome was manifested in the first days following farrowing with higher temperature, changes in the genital organs with a purulent discharge from the first to the third day, and lesions in the mammary gland with inflammatory processes or decrease in the milk secretion. The cell content of milk of the diseased sows was higher. The microbiologic study of uterine, vaginal, and milk secretion led to the isolation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as mixed infections and other bacteria as causative agents of MMA.

[Cytological, microbiological and biochemical analysis of cow's milk at the beginning of lactation]. / Tsitologichni, mikrobiologichni i biokhimichni prouchvaniia na mliakoto pri kravi v nachaloto na laktatsiiata.

Milk samples of eleven cows of first lactation and ten cows of second lactation were studied in dynamics with regard to their cytological, microbiological, and biochemical properties. The milk was ampled with all quarters individually every other day up to the 10th day, and every fifth day up to the 20th day from calving. It was found that on the second day of calving the cell content of the milk of cows of both first and second lactation was higher, showing a trend of a rapid drop and reaching 441--484 thou. per 1 cm3 by the sixth day. In the course of 20 days following calving there were essential differences in the level of infections with the cows of the two groups. On the basis of the microbiologic investigations it was considered possible to differentiate the inflammation processes of the udder from the normal status on the sixth day.

[Development of subclinical mastitis in cows]. / Vurkhu razboia na subklinichnite mastiti pri kravite.

Montly investigations have been carried out on a farm for the presence of subclinical mastitis in a total of 59 cows. As many as six examinations have been made up to the drying of the cows and two after their calving. It has been found that subclinical mastitis assumes a protracted course, and in 23.7 per cent of the cows it is present during the whole period of investigation of 6-8 months. In 42.9 per cent of the animals the recovery of the affected udder sets in without therapeutic intervention. It has also been noted that in 33.8 per cent of the diseased cows subclinical mastitis develops into a clinical form of mastitis.

[Biochemical and cytological changes in the milk and blood of cows with subclinical mastitis]. / Biokhimichni i tsitologichni promeni v mliakoto i kruvta na kravi sus subklinichen mastit

Some biochemical and cytological investigations were carried out with milk and milk serum, blood and blood serum of 87 cows, of which 57 manifested symptoms of subclinical mastitis and 25 were normal. It was established that the milk of animals having subclinical mastitis had lower content of lactose, inorganic phosphorus, and sialic acids; on the other hand chlorides were at a higher level, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase rose. Besides, the contents of serum albumin and gamma-lactoglobulins showed dependable rise, while those of alpha-lactoglobulin and beta-lactoglobulin dropped. Dependable was likewise the drop of the total protein level. However, no changes were found in the total protein content and the distribution of protein fractions in the blood serum of cows manifesting inflammation of the udder.