Personal and social bases of children's self-concepts about physical movement.

This project examined the personal and social bases of children's self-concepts about physical movement. Children completed the Movement Assessment Battery, ASK-KIDS self-concept inventory, personal and social self-categorizations. Participants were girls and boys from 5 to 12 years old. Study 1 (N=242) confirmed that the ASK-KIDS self-concept inventory could be extended to physical movement for younger and older girls and boys. In Study 2 (N=42), self-concepts about movement were not necessarily associated with actual performance and personal self-categorizations about oneself as a 'bookish' or 'sporty' person. In contrast, self-concepts about physical movement were associated with social self-categorizations regarding age and sex. Study 3 (N=70) confirmed the social basis of children's self-concepts about movement. Self-concepts about physical movement were associated with children's sense of belonging and not with a sense of individuality. The findings have implications for the design of programs that motivate children to participate in physical activities.

Interactions of MDL 29,311 and probucol metabolites with cholesteryl esters.

The hypothesis that the efficacy of hydrophobic antioxidants in animal models of atherogenesis may, in part, be related to physical effects on cholesteryl esters in cells was probed with analogs and metabolites of probucol. The interactions of an effective bis-thiomethane analog (MDL 29,311) and selected metabolites of probucol with cholesteryl oleate were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy. Like probucol, MDL 29,311 and the bisphenol metabolite decrease the liquid-crystalline phase transition enthalpy of cholesteryl oleate with increasing concentrations. At 20 mol%, no transition is detectable. By contrast, the spiroquinone metabolite of probucol and the diphenoquinone metabolite common to both molecules have minimal effects on the liquid-crystalline transitions of cholesteryl oleate. At 20 mol%, neither compound has as great an effect as 1 mol% MDL 29,311. Consistent with their effects on dry cholesteryl oleate, MDL 29,311 and the bisphenol metabolite convert lipid inclusions in cells supplemented with cholesterol to an isotropic physical state similar to that observed with probucol. The number of anisotropic inclusions in the cells decreases with increasing concentration in the medium in the range of 50 to 250 micrograms/mL. In cells fed with the spiroquinone or diphenoquinone metabolites, the lipid inclusions are liquid-crystalline and resemble those observed with cholesterol-fed controls. These data are interpreted in terms of a model in which hydrophobic antioxidants closely related to probucol disrupt the packing of cellular cholesteryl esters.

Comprehension of prosody in Huntington's disease.

Patients with Huntington's Disease (HD) who were without dementia were compared to unilateral stroke patients and controls as previously reported in 1983, to discover if they had a prosodic defect. Subjects were presented tape-recorded speech filtered sentences and asked to indicate the tone of voice as happy, sad or angry (affective prosody), or as a question, command or statement (propositional prosody). HD patients were impaired in comprehension of both types of prosody compared to controls but were not different from stroke patients. A second study compared early HD patients with at-risk siblings and spouse controls on comprehension of affective and propositional prosody, discrimination of both types of prosody, rhythm discrimination and tonal memory (Seashore tests). HD patients were impaired in both comprehension and discrimination of all types of prosody. HD patients were less accurate than at-risk patients on the tonal memory task but not on the rhythm discrimination task. These findings suggest compromise in ability to understand the more subtle prosodic aspects of communication which may contribute to social impairment of HD patients very early in the course of the disease.

Dextrose adduct formation in aqueous teicoplanin solutions.

The interaction of Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, with dextrose in aqueous solution has been investigated. The equilibrium concentrations of the adduct formed by the interaction of the dextrose aldehyde and the Teicoplanin amino group is shown to be directly related to the concentration of the dextrose and is thought to be inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration. It was also found that phosphate ion catalyzed the reverse reaction. Approximately 30 days were required to reach equilibrium a 4 degrees C, while equilibrium was established in about 7 days at room temperature. The reaction is reversed with dilution and the rate of the reverse reaction is two to three times faster than expected when phosphate ion is present at 0.05 M. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants, the activation energies for the various reactions were determined to be in the range 67-80 kjoules (16-19 kcal)/mol.

Effect of cortisol on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin in chickens.

Three independent trials were conducted to determine if cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) was affected by the injection of cortisol in broiler cockerels. Trials 1 and 2 were similar, and Trial 3 imposed a period of heat stress in combination with cortisol. At 6 wk of age, chicks were injected intramuscularly with 2 mg of cortisol in a corn oil vehicle/500 g body weight at 48, 36, 24, and 12 h prior to challenge with PHA-P. Controls received an equal amount of corn oil on the same schedule. Each chick received .05 mL of PHA-P (100 micrograms) in the right wattle and an equal volume of saline in the left wattle. The CBH was assessed by measuring the thickness of wattles at various times from 0 to 48 h after challenge with PHA-P. Wattle indices were calculated. Birds were necropsied at 48 h post-PHA-P, and bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and both adrenals excised and weighed. Cortisol produced a significantly greater CBH response in Trials 1 and 2 as indicated by higher wattle indices at 48 h and at 6 h in Trial 3. Regression analysis indicated significantly greater intercepts for the cortisol responses in Trials 1 and 3 and a significantly greater linear component for the cortisol response in Trial 2. Body weights and relative bursa and spleen weights were reduced significantly by cortisol, whereas relative adrenal weights were increased significantly in Trials 2 and 3. These data indicated that cortisol enhanced CBH to the mitogen PHA-P in broiler cockerels. This is in contrast to reported immunosuppressive effects of other glucocorticoids.

Comparison of two intravenous sedation techniques for percutaneous radio frequency trigeminal rhizotomy. A pilot study.

Conscious sedation, as used in dentistry and oral surgery, has been used satisfactorily to manage patients undergoing the intense pain encountered in radio frequency trigeminal rhizotomy for tic douloureux. The pain produced by this procedure cannot be blocked by local anesthesia. General anesthesia cannot be used because of the need for sensory testing in an awake, cooperative patient. Conscious sedation using alphaprodine, hydroxyzine, methohexital, and intensive behavioral modification was compared with a neuroleptic intravenous sedation technique using droperidol, fentanyl, and thiopental. Patients managed with conscious sedation were found to be more amnestic for the pain of surgery, a difference that persisted six months later.

beta-lactam antibiotics derived from nitrogen heterocyclic acetic acids. 2. Cephalosporin derivatives.

Three cephalosporin derivatives were prepared from 1,4-dihydro-4-oxypyridine-1-acetic acid. These were the 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) derivative and the compounds with 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazole-5-thiol at C-3 of the cephalosporin nucleus. The antibacterial activity of the 7-ACA derivative was comparable to cephalothin, and that of the other two derivatives was comparable to cefazolin. The 7-ACA derivative, compared to cephalothin, was significantly less metabolized, was less protein bound, and had a longer half life.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of azosemide in commercial animal feed.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of 2-chloro-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-[(2-thienylmethyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide (I) in animal feed diet mixtures. The sample is extracted with acetone, an aliquot of the extract is evaporated to dryness, and the residue is dissolved in chloroform. This solution can be subjected to either of two cleanup procedures. The first traps I on a sodium hydroxide-diatomaceuous earth column. Compound I is then recovered using an acetic acid-ethyl acetate-chloroform eluent, which is removed by evaporation, followed by dissolution of the residue in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The second procedure involves the direct extraction of I from the chloroform solution. A linear relationship exists between the HPLC UV detector response at 254 nm and concentration up to 170 microgram/ml. The sodium hydroxide extraction procedure resulted in an overall recovery (+/- SD) of 92.9 +/- 1.6 and 97.4 +/- 1.8% (n = 5) at levels of 200 and 6000 ppm, respectively. Overall recoveries (+/- SD) obtained by the diatomaceous earth column procedure for the 20- and 6000-ppm levels were 90.0 +/- 2.0 and 95.9 +/- 1.6% (n = 5), respectively.