The Impact of Pain on Mobility in Patients with Cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Provide an overview of how pain impacts mobility in patients with cancer. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and on Google Scholar using search terms, cancer pain with mobility, acute and chronic pain syndromes, enhanced recovery after surgery, nursing care, and rehabilitation. Peer-reviewed research studies, review articles, and pain guidelines and position papers were reviewed to provide an overview on cancer pain, its impact on mobility, and the nurse's role in managing pain and optimizing mobility and functional outcomes. RESULTS: Firty-two references were included in this overview. This body of literature is replete with studies on the management of pain; however, the tie between pain and mobility has not been well described aside from the breakthrough pain literature. This manuscript weaves these two important concepts together to better inform nurses and other clinicians regarding the importance of managing pain to even begin mobilizing patients, especially following surgery and for other painful conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Oncology nurses play an integral role in assessing and managing cancer pain. It is important for nurses to recognize how their pain management interventions lead to improved mobility and functioning in patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses comprise the largest workforce around the globe and are well-equipped to assess and manage cancer pain in all cancer care settings. As leaders within the healthcare team, making recommendations to better control pain and communicating with other team members regarding the pain plan is essential in improving mobility in patients with cancer.

Building Resilience in New Graduate RNs: Lessons Learned.

BACKGROUND: Transitioning into oncology practice can be challenging for new graduate RNs. High patient acuity, a steep learning curve, psychosocial challenges, and frequent patient deaths can be overwhelming. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this program was to provide resilience training for new graduate oncology nurses as part of an existing nurse residency program. Building resilience among oncology nurses was a primary goal during the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to be an important goal. METHODS: Resilience training in this program consisted of didactic lectures, personalized goal setting, one-on-one mentoring, and a follow-up support group. Various measurement scales were used at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to assess resilience, professional quality of life, and new graduate experience measures, including communication and organizational skills. FINDINGS: Resilience significantly declined from baseline to six months; professional quality of life and new graduate experience measures also worsened. Some improvements in organizational skills and communication emerged at 12 months. Results indicate an ongoing need to consider extending nurse residency programs, resilience training, and support beyond the traditional one-year period.

The Use of Holographic Memory Resolution® to Improve the Physical and Biopsychosocial Symptoms of Chronic Pain: A Feasibility, Mixed Methods Study.

Objective: Holographic Memory Resolution® (HMR®), a mind-based therapy, has been used for decades as a nonpharmacologic intervention for trauma imprinting to alleviate depression, anxiety, pain, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No clinical studies were found examining the use of HMR®. This study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of administering HMR® to individuals experiencing chronic pain and related biopsychosocial symptoms. Methods: A feasibility, mixed-methods study was conducted between October 2021 and July 2022 and included four HMR® sessions over 1-12 weeks. A convenience sample was comprised of 60 adults suffering from chronic physical or emotional pain of 4+ (0-10 scale) over 6+ months at two clinics in the U.S. Baseline and subsequent surveys after sessions 2, 3, and 4 assessed symptom response. Symptoms were longitudinally measured via self-report of depression, anxiety, somatic symptom burden, PTSD, and vitality. Results: 73% completed all four sessions, demonstrating feasibility. Ages ranged from 19 to 80 years, 85% were female, and 87% were Caucasian. 52% reported high risk for toxic stress. Four symptoms decreased significantly: depression (p = 0.05), anxiety (p = 0.03), symptom burden (p < 0.01) and PTSD symptoms (p = 0.01); vitality improved. Conclusions: HMR® may be a feasible intervention to address chronic pain and accompanying biopsychosocial symptoms; a randomized controlled trial is the next step to measure efficacy. Unlike other mind-based therapies, HMR® participants use their own internal language for identification and resolution of the pain. The trauma imprinting can then be gently addressed, and the memory-based components of pain resolved or reduced, which empowers participants to improve their well-being. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05001399.

Perianal Injury Prevention in Patients With Leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Perianal injuries in adults with hematologic malignancies can result in sepsis or death. Patients on a 36-bed acute care oncology unit experienced increased perianal injuries from 2018 to 2021 based on a chart review, which revealed that 24 patients with leukemia, all of whom had received cytarabine, developed perianal injuries. OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether a nurse-led educational intervention would decrease perianal injuries. METHODS: A survey examined baseline nurse knowledge on perianal injuries. Nurses received a 10-minute in-service education session about perianal injuries, their predisposing factors, and prevention strategies followed by a survey to test their knowledge. Twenty nurses completed the pre- and postintervention surveys. FINDINGS: After the intervention, staff knowledge increased by 33%. One year postintervention, perianal injuries had decreased by more than 50%. Nurse and patient education are vital to decrease perianal injuries in patients with leukemia.

Oncology Nurse Navigation in Underserved Communities: Opportunities and Future Directions.

OBJECTIVES: Provide an overview of navigation in three disparate populations: rural, Native American/Alaska Native, and low- to middle-income countries. Discuss gaps in care and opportunities to improve cancer care. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and on Google Scholar using search terms, nurse navigation, cancer, disparit*, low- to middle-income countries, Native American, American Indian, and rural. Peer-reviewed research studies, review articles, databases and websites of professional organizations, and historical books were reviewed to provide an overview of oncology nurse navigation in underserved communities. Experiences in working with these populations over the past 30 years were also provided to support current literature. RESULTS: Forty references were included in this overview of nurse navigation in underserved communities. Nurse navigation in these disparate areas is in its infancy. While some programs exist and outcomes have been positive, their dissemination is sparse. A need exists to expand nurse navigation into these areas to provide care for these underserved communities. CONCLUSION: Oncology nursing navigation for each of these underserved communities requires a culturally sensitive approach. Many of these approaches are universal to cultural competency and can be applied to most disparate populations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses comprise the largest workforce around the globe and are well-equipped to develop navigation programs in some of the most disparate communities around the world. To do so, it is important to use a foundation of building trust, embracing individual differences, providing culturally sensitive education and resources for growth, and good communication.

Evaluating the Quality of Pain Management Satisfaction Among Oncology Patients in a Hospital Setting: Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of Pain Care Quality Survey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this mixed-methods psychometric study was to translate and adapt the Arabic Pain Care Quality (APainCQ) Survey to Arabic and to measure the quality of pain care provided to Arab patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study used an iterative, mixed-methods approach that employed cognitive interviews, expert content analysis, and factor analysis to develop the APainCQ Survey. The study was conducted at Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates. Arabic-speaking patients admitted to the oncology/hematology inpatient units with a minimum 24-hour stay were eligible for the study. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 155 patients. The iterative exploratory factor analysis process resulted in the sequential removal of three items. The results of the significant Bartlett test (P < .001) of sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of 0.93 for both the health care team scale and the nurse scale. The total variance explained was 76.17% for the health care team scale and 60.91% for the nurse scale, which explained 56.51% for factor 1 with 14 items and 4.40% for factor 2. Regarding internal consistency reliability, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega for the health care team scale and nurse scale were high; both values were .95. Internal consistency reliability of pain assessment and pain management subscales of nurse scales were also high, with values of 0.96 and 0.79, respectively. Moreover, there was a moderate correlation (r = 0.66; P < .001) between the two subscales in the nurse scale. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the APainCQ is a reliable and valid measure of pain dimensions, including pain management and monitoring. This APainCQ scale can potentially expand research and clinical assessment in the Arab world.

When the Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Is Not Enough.

Patients with cancer who are immunocompromised are at risk for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Many recommendations are available for healthcare organizations to use to reduce CAUTIs. Implementing vario.

ATTAC! Development of a Novel Advanced Trauma Team Application Course.

BACKGROUND: Although existing trauma nurse courses provide basic education, advanced courses with simulation experiences that enhance team leadership, communication, and workflows are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To design and implement the Advanced Trauma Team Application Course (ATTAC) to promote advanced skills for nurses and respiratory therapists with varied experience and skill levels. METHODS: Trauma nurses and respiratory therapists were selected to participate based on years of experience and the novice to expert nurse model. Two nurses from each level (excluding novice) participated, ensuring a diverse cohort to promote development and mentorship. The 11-module course was presented over 12 months. A five-question survey was employed at the end of each module to self-evaluate assessment skills, communication skills, and comfort for trauma patient care. Participants rated skills and comfort on a "0-10" scale, with 0 being "not at all" to 10 being "extensively." RESULTS: The pilot course was conducted from May 2019 to May 2020 at a Level II trauma center in the Northwest United States. Nurses reported ATTAC improved assessment skills, team communication, and comfort in caring for trauma patients (mean = 9.4; 95% CI [9.0, 9.8]; scale of 0-10). Participants indicated scenarios closely mimicked real-world situations; concept application commenced directly following each session. CONCLUSION: This novel approach to advanced trauma education promotes development of advanced skills that enable nurses to anticipate needs rather than being reactive, engage in critical thinking, and adapt to rapidly changing patient conditions.

Transition Into Practice: Outcomes of a Nurse Residency Program.

Background Nurse residency programs (NRPs) have been proposed to meet the educational needs of new graduate nurses and facilitate the transition into practice. Although most studies indicate the benefits of NRPs to assist nurses during transition into practice, only one study compared an NRP with a control group. This study examined whether nurses in an NRP transitioned into practice more successfully than nurses in a traditional orientation program. Method This study enrolled 106 newly employed graduate nurses into study arms by unit: a nurse residency intervention group or a control group of standard nursing orientation. Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice, Nurse Retention, and Nurse Job Satisfaction surveys measured group outcomes. Results Readiness for practice improved significantly for nurse residents, as did nurse retention perceptions, indicating that nurse residents were more likely to be retained at the organization. The 1- and 2-year nurse retention rates during the 3 years of the study showed marked improvement. Conclusion The NRP resulted in improved readiness for practice, improved nurse retention, and higher job satisfaction compared with standard orientation. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(1):32-39.].

Translation of Evidence-Based Interventions Into Oncology Care Settings: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Adoption of evidence remains slow, leading to variations in practices and quality of care. Examining evidence-based interventions implemented within oncology settings can guide knowledge translation efforts. OBJECTIVE: This integrative review aimed to (1) identify topics implemented for oncology-related evidence-based practice (EBP) change; (2) describe frameworks, guidelines, and implementation strategies used to guide change; and (3) evaluate project quality. METHODS: PubMed and CINAHL were searched to identify published practice change projects. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were followed. Fifty articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted; content analysis was conducted. The Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set guided quality assessment. RESULTS: Topics included infection control/prevention (n = 18), pain/palliative care (n = 13), psychosocial assessment (n = 11), and medication adherence (n = 8). Among the projects, Plan, Do, Study, Act (n = 8) and Lean Six Sigma (n = 6) frameworks were used most. Thirty-six projects identified guidelines that directed interventions. Multiple implementation strategies were reported in all articles with planning, education, and restructuring the most common. Reach, sustainability, and ability to be replicated were identified as quality gaps across projects. CONCLUSION: The EBP topics that emerged are consistent with the oncology nursing priorities, including facilitating integration of EBP into practice. The studies identified used national guidelines and implementation strategies to move evidence into practice. Heterogeneity in measurement made synthesis of findings difficult across studies, although individual studies showed improvement in patient outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Development of an interprofessional oncology consortium could facilitate a standardized approach to implementation of high-priority topics that target improved patient outcomes, harmonize measures, and accelerate translation of evidence into practice.

Association of social determinants of health with late diagnosis and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer disparities have been described. However, it is unknown if they contribute to a late diagnosis and survival of patients with metastatic disease. Identifying their role is important as it will open the door for interventions. We hypothesize that social determinants of health (SDH) such as income, education, race, and insurance status impact (I) stage of diagnosis of PC (Stage IV vs. other stages), and (II) overall survival (OS) in Stage IV patients. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we evaluated a primary outcome of diagnosis of Stage IV PC and a secondary outcome of OS. Primary predictors included race, income, education, and insurance. Covariates included age, sex and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score. Univariate, multivariable logistic regression models evaluated risk of a late diagnosis. Univariate, multivariable Cox proportional hazards model examined OS. 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: 230,877 patients were included, median age of 68 years (SD 12.1). In univariate analysis, a better education, higher income, and insurance decreased the odds of Stage IV PC, while Black race increased it. In multivariable analysis, education [>93% high-school completion (HSC) vs. <82.4%, OR 0.96 (0.93-0.99)] and insurance [private vs. no, OR 0.72 (0.67-0.74)] significantly decreased the risk of a late diagnosis, whereas Black race increased the odds [vs. White, OR 1.09 (1.07-1.12)]. In univariate Cox analysis, having a higher income, insurance and better education improved OS, while Black race worsened it. In multivariable Cox, higher income [>$63,333 (vs. <$40,277), HR 0.87 (0.85-0.89)] and insurance [private vs. no, HR 0.77 (0.74-0.79)] improved OS. Conclusions: SDH impacted the continuum of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, including stage at diagnosis and overall survival.

Socioeconomic Status and Interest in Genetic Testing in a US-Based Sample.

Cancer is a significant burden, particularly to individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES). Genetic testing can provide information about an individual's risk of developing cancer and guide future screening and preventative services. However, there are significant financial barriers, particularly for individuals of low SES. This study used the Early Detection of Genetic Risk (EDGE) Study's patient baseline survey (n = 2329) to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status and interest in pursuing hereditary cancer genetic testing. Analysis was completed for two interest outcomes-overall interest in genetic testing and interest in genetic testing if the test were free or low cost. Many demographic and SES variables were predictors for interest in genetic testing, including education, income, and MacArthur Subjective Social Scale (SSS). After controlling for the healthcare system, age, and gender, having a higher education level and a higher household income were associated with greater general interest. Lower SSS was associated with greater interest in genetic testing if the test was free or low cost. If genetic testing is the future of preventative medicine, more work needs to be performed to make this option accessible to low-SES groups and to ensure that those services are used by the most underserved populations.

The Assessment and Management of Acute and Chronic Cancer Pain Syndromes.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the most common acute and chronic cancer-related pain syndromes along with their assessment and management. DATA SOURCES: Data sources include peer-reviewed articles, textbooks, and the internet. CONCLUSION: Various pain syndromes occur throughout the cancer trajectory. Assessing and managing these syndromes, up to years' after treatment, can assure that comfort is provided from diagnosis throughout survivorship. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses are essential in assessing and managing acute and chronic cancer-related pain syndromes. Nurses have both a professional and an ethical responsibility to understand these syndromes and to provide optimal pain management.

Clinical Updates in Mucositis-Related Symptom Management.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview with the most up-to-date evidence on the management of cancer-treatment related mucositis. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed articles, textbooks, and the internet. CONCLUSION: A multitude of new and innovative treatments for the management of mucositis exist. Mucositis guidelines have changed to reflect the current evidence, but more research is needed on emerging modalities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses have a primary role in the assessment and early identification of mucositis. Educating patients and recommending evidence-based guidelines is paramount in preventing and ameliorating this challenging side effect of treatment.

Shared Decision-Making in Managing Breakthrough Cancer Pain in Patients With Advanced Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pain is a significant problem in patients with cancer. Breakthrough cancer pain contributes to the pain experience, but it is often underassessed and underrecognized. Shared decision-making (SDM), where patient preferences, goals, and concerns are discussed and integrated into a shared decision, can potentially foster earlier identification of pain, including breakthrough cancer pain, and improve pain management. OBJECTIVES: To explore the use of SDM to evaluate its impact on cancer pain management. METHODS: This prospective, multisite study engaged patients with advanced cancer to explore the use of SDM in managing cancer pain using a digital platform with an expanded pain assessment. Decision preferences were noted and incorporated into care. Outcomes included pain and patient-perceived pain care quality. RESULTS: 51 patients with advanced cancer enrolled in the study. The mean pain score was 5 out of 10 throughout the three study time points. 88% of patients experienced breakthrough cancer pain of severe intensity at baseline and approximately 70% at visits two and three. The majority of breakthrough cancer pain episodes lasted longer than 30 minutes. The majority (86%) of participating patients desired shared decision-making or patient-driven decision-making. Most patients expressed satisfaction with the level of shared decision-making in managing their cancer pain. Breakthrough cancer pain remained significant for most patients. CONCLUSIONS: SDM incorporated into pain discussions has the potential to improve pain outcomes, but significant challenges remain in managing breakthrough cancer pain.

Impact of Medicaid Expansion Status and Race on Metastatic Disease at Diagnosis in Patients with Melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Black patients are diagnosed with melanoma at a later stage, as compared with their white counterparts. It is unknown if Medicaid expansion might ameliorate this disparity. METHODS: Using data from the 2016 National Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. The primary objective was to evaluate whether being diagnosed with melanoma at a Medicaid Expansion State (MES) and black race are associated with a late diagnosis of melanoma.  Main exposure: Being diagnosed in a MES. Secondary exposure: Race. Main outcome: Odds of Stage IV vs Stages 0-III at diagnosis. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression, and propensity score analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential associations. Sub-group analysis was conducted according to age < 65 or ≥ 65 years. RESULTS: A total of 216,604 patients were included, 40-90 years of age, [Formula: see text] 64 years [SD 12.47]. In univariate analysis, patients diagnosed in MES were 15% less likely (95% CI, 0.81-0.88) to be diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma. Black race (vs white) had 3.04 increased odds (95% CI, 2.56-3.60) of late diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for socio-economic confounders, patients < 65 years of age were 13% less likely (95% CI, 0.82-0.92) to be diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma. By propensity score analysis, the strength of the associations remained. Black race (vs white) was associated with higher odds (95% CI, 1.91-3.08) of being diagnosed with Stage IV disease. For black patients < 65 years, being diagnosed in a state without Medicaid expansion had 2.55 higher odds (95% CI, 1.93-3.38) of being diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma, which decreased to 2.11 odds (95% CI, 1.34-3.33) in MES. The interaction between race and MES was statistically significant (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients are less likely to be diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma in MES. This beneficial effect is more pronounced among Black minorities.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Examining Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome in the Context of Oncology Nursing.

BACKGROUND: Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas that manifest primarily in the skin. Although early-stage disease has an excellent long-term survival rate, advanced disease carries a poor survival rate. Given the lengthy and complex clinical course, nurses are at the forefront of education and supportive care management for patients and caregivers. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to provide an overview of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome and to highlight practice considerations for optimal nursing care. METHODS: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and nursing consideration are discussed. FINDINGS: Oncology nurses have a vital role in educating patients and their caregivers about the side effects of cancer treatment, appropriate skin care, and infection risk.

Palliative Care Nursing Development in the Middle East and Northeast Africa: Lessons From Oman.

Nurses are on the frontline of palliative care, and in some countries, are the only contact for patients and families facing life-threatening illness. The Oman Cancer Association in the Sultanate of Oman, in collaboration with the Middle Eastern Cancer Consortium and the Oncology Nursing Society, led a palliative care initiative over the past decade to better integrate palliative care into the health care system. Components of this initiative include integrating palliative care into the health care curricula and providing palliative care education to over 400 nurses and other health care professionals within Oman. The four-part education series includes the following courses: (1) Foundations of Palliative Care, (2) Advanced Concepts in Palliative Care, (3) Palliative Care Leadership, and (4) Palliative Care Research. Additional participants from 17 different countries in the Middle East and northern Africa also attended the training. Twenty of the trainees who were considered palliative care leaders in their countries then participated in a Train the Trainer course. This group trained the last cohort of health care professionals in Oman and then took learned concepts and strategies back to their respective countries in order to provide country-wide education and build palliative care capacity in the region. Outcomes include the development of palliative care units, quality improvement projects that improved care, and advocacy projects to increase opioid availability within some countries. The collaborative continues its work and connections through social medial, email, and virtual collaboration. Other countries can use this model to permeate palliative care within their regions.