[The study of experimental and natural rotavirus infection in mice using a heterologous enzyme immunoassay test-system]. / Izuchenie éksperimental'noi i estestvennoi rotavirusnoi infektsii myshei s pomoshch'iu geterologichnykh test-sistem immunofermentnogo analiza.

Enzyme immunoassay test systems constructed on the basis of heterologous calf and monkey rotaviruses were shown to be applicable for diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of experimental and natural rotavirus infection of mice.

[Enzymatic activity of peripheral blood cells in experimental chronic myocarditis caused by persistent Coxsackie A virus]. / Enzimaticheskaia aktivnost' kletok perifericheskoi krovi pri éksperimental'nom khronicheskom miokardite, sviazannom s persistentsiei virusa Koksaki A.

Molecular mechanisms of metabolic modifications in blood cells were found to be associated with immunological tolerance to Coxsackie A virus in the modelling of chronic systemic diseases in rats. Blood cellular enzymatic activity correlated with morphological damage in internal organs. Cytochemical analysis is an informative test for investigating destructive and inflammatory changes in the affected organs.

[Enzyme profile in the peripheral blood leukocytes in acute respiratory diseases]. / Izuchenie fermentnogo profilia v leikotsitakh perifericheskogoi krovi pri ostrykh zabolevaniiakh organov dykhaniia.

The character of changes in the enzymatic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes indicate the activity and severity of the process and may serve as data for the prognosis of the course of the disease and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of antibacterial and desensitizing therapy.

[Isolation of influenza A viruses with a new antigenic formula from wild birds]. / Izoliatsiia virusov gripopa A s novoi antigennoi formuloi ot dikikh ptits.

Three hemagglutinating agents were isolated from mixed pools of the viscera from black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) and robin (Erithacus rubecula) collected in the Byelorussian SSA and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR. Typing of the viruses by double immunodiffusion technique revealed antigenic relationships of the viruses with swine hemagglutinin (Hsw1) and human hemagglutinin H0. One of the strains had neuraminidase N2 the other two Nav2. An analysis of the polypeptide composition of the virus showed the molecular weights of the heavy (HA1) and light (HA2) hemagglutinin chains to be similar in both strains (about 50,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively). The strains had a low content of the light hemagglutinin chain (HA2) which is typical for viruses having Hsw1 hemagglutinin.

[Properties of Hav6Neq2 and Hswl(H0)Hav2 influenza viruses isolated from waterfowl in southern Turkmenia]. / Svoistva virusov grippa Hav6Neq2 i Hswl(H0)Hav2, izolirovannykh ot ptits okolovodnogo kompleksa na iuge Turkmenii.

Three influenza A virus strains were isolated from shorebirds in October, 1977, in southern Turkmenia, in the vicinities of Tedzhen water reservoir. From a common tern, A/Sterna hirundo/Turkmenia/45/77 strain was isolated with the antigenic formula Hav6Neq2, from a teal and a black-headed gull influenza A/Anas crecca/Turkmenia/4/77 and A/Larus ridibundus/Turkmenia/13/77 strains with previously unknown combination of surface antigens Hswl(H0)Nav2 were recovered. By the molecular weight of the heavy (HA1 59,000 d) and light (HA2 24,000 d) chains of hemagglutinin, the Turkmenian viruses A/Larus ridibundus/Turkmenia/13/77 and A/Anas crecca/Turkmenia/4/77 are similar to each other and to the strains having H0 hemagglutinin: A/PR8/34 (H0N1) and A/Whale/PO/19/76 (H09Nav2). The Turkmenian viruses are characterized by a low content of the light hemagglutinin chain (HA2) which is typical of the viruses with Hsw1 hemagglutinin: A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) and A/SW/Wisk/68 (Hsw1N1).

[Isolation of influenza virus from Chlidonias nigra and serologic examination of the birds for antibodies to influenza virus]. / Izoliatsiia virusa grippa ot chernoi krachki (Chlidonias nigra) i serologicheskoe obsledovanie ptits na antitela k virusu grippa.

Influenza A virus with the antigenic formulae Hav4Neq2 has been isolated from Chlidonias nigra in the region of mass moulting in the territory of the Kazakh SSR. Antihemagglutinins for the newly isolated virus were detected in the sera of some specimens of the sea gull order. The data obtained suggest an active circulation of the virus in this region during the summer of 1977.

[Influenza virus A/Anas acute/Maritime Territory/730/76(H3N2) isolated from wild ducks in the Maritime Territory]. / Virus grippa A/Anas acuta/Primor'e/730/76(H3N2), isolirovannyi ot dikikh utok Primorskogo kraia.

A strain A/Anas acuta/Primorie/730/76 was isolated in the autumn of 1976 from wild pintails in the Primorskiy kray, USSR, and found by the H1 and neuraminidase activity inhibition test to be antigenically related to the reference A/Hong Kong/1/68 strain. The CFT showed the A/Anas acuta/Primorie/730/76 strain to contain in its hemagglutinin 3 antigenic determinants: two common with the A/Hong Kong/1/68 strain and one the strain-specific, lacking in the human influenza viruses of the H3N2 antigenic formula.

[Isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula Hav4 Nav2 and Hav5 Nav2 during epizootic infection among sea gulls in the Astrakhan district in the summer of 1976]. / Izoliatsiia virusa grippa s antigennoi formuloi Hav4 Nav2 i Hav5 Nav2 v period epizootii sredi chaikovykh ptits letom 1976 g. v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

Virological examinations of nesting colonies of Laridae birds in the avandelta of the Volga, Astrakhan region, during an epizootic in July, 1976, yielded 5 strains of influenza virus: 3 from Sterna albifrons, 1 from S. hirundo and 1 from Larus genei, identical with A/Sterna hirundo/S. Africa/61 (Hav5 Nav2) virus. At the same period two strains were isolated from Larus genei showing a previously unknown composition of the surface antigens: Hav4 Nav2. All the strains were isolated only from cloacal washings.

[Antigenic relationships of strains of the epidemic virus H1N1 isolated in November-December 1977 in the USSR to inluenza viruses of human and animal origin]. / Antigennye sviazi shtammov épidemicheskogo virusa H1N1, vydelennykh v noiabre--dekabre 1977 g. v SSSR s virusami grippa chelovecheskogo i zhivotnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

The results of the study on the antigentic properties of influenza viruses causing an epidemic outbreak in November, 1977, in the USSR established their relationship with human influenza viruses H1N1 to the homologous titer, with H0N1 to 1/16 titer and the virus isolated from whales in the Pacific ocean (H0-H1Nav2) to 1/8 titer. The epidemic strains have been shown to possess neuraminidase of human influenza virus type 1.

Return of epidemic A1 (H1N1) influenza virus.

Limited outbreaks of influenza were reported in the far east of the U.S.S.R. early in November, 1977, and a week or two later in cities in Siberia and the European parts of the U.S.S.R. The majority of influenza-virus isolates belonged to the H1N1 subtype of influenza-A virus, though strains of the current H3N2 subtype were also isolated. A moderate epidemic of H1N1 influenza spread throughout the country in the middle of December. Mainly children over 5 years and young adults were infected.

Comparison of influenza viruses isolated from man and from whales.

Four isolates of influenza virus strains from Moscow and Habarovsk that caused outbreaks of influenza in November and December 1977 in several cities of the USSR were studied and their haemagglutinins and neuraminidases were compared with those of other human and animal influenza viruses including A/whale/Pacific Ocean/76. In H1 tests these isolates, designated A/USSR/77, reacted with immune serum against A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) to the homologous titre, and with antiserum against A/whale/PO/19/76 virus to 1/8 of the homologous titre. In neuraminidase inhibition tests all A/USSR/77 isolates showed the presence of human N1 type neuraminidase, more closely related to A/sw/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) than to A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus. The haemagglutinin of A/whale/Pacific Ocean/19/76 virus occupies an intermediate position between H0 and H1, but its neuraminidase is close to Nav2. The virus from whales multiplies better at low (28 degrees C) and at high (40 degrees C) temperatures than do the viruses of human origin that were tested.

Isolation of an influenza virus, similar to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) from a common murre at Sakhalin Island in U.S.S.R. (Strain A/common murre/Sakhalin/1/74).

An influenza A virus isolated from the cloaca of a common murre was characterized antigenically as H3N2 and was most closely related to the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain. Serological studies of sera collected from common murres in the area of virus isolation showed that 21 per cent of the birds had antibodies to Hong Kong influenza virus.