Construction and validation of an Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument for nursing students.

Objective: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure entrepreneurship competences of nursing students, by assessing the level of development of diverse entrepreneurship dimensions. Methods: An Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument, Catalonia (IME.Cat) was constructed, by adapting two existing instruments, and a psychometric study was performed to address the validity of the content and the construct, and the reliability. The internal consistency and the discrimination capacity of the instrument's items were examined. Results: The IME.Cat scale showed a high reliability (α=0.89) for the complete set of items. The Cronbach's α value of the individual dimensions were: Problem management=0.78; Creativity=0.76; Personal confidence =0.64; and Risk acceptance =0.46. The corrected homogeneity indices for each of the item in the instrument were high (>0.40). The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis validated the proposed structure of the items according to dimension. Conclusion: The IME.Cat scale showed solid psychometric values for assessing the entrepreneurship competences of nursing students within its dimensions, which are fundamental for the professional development of nursing.

Construction and validation of an Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument for nursing students / Construcción y validación de un Instrumento de Medición Emprendedora para estudiantes de enfermería / Construção e validação de Instrumento de Medição Empreendedora para estudantes de enfermagem

Objective. To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure entrepreneurship competences of nursing students, by assessing the level of development of diverse entrepreneurship dimensions. Methods. An Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument, Catalonia (IME.Cat) was constructed, by adapting two existing instruments, and a psychometric study was performed to address the validity of the content and the construct, and the reliability. The internal consistency and the discrimination capacity of the instrument's items were examined. Results. The IME.Cat scale showed a high reliability (α=0.89) for the complete set of items. The Cronbach's α value of the individual dimensions were: Problem management=0.78; Creativity=0.76; Personal confidence =0.64; and Risk acceptance =0.46. The corrected homogeneity indices for each of the item in the instrument were high (>0.40). The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis validated the proposed structure of the items according to dimension. Conclusion. The IME.Cat scale showed solid psychometric values for assessing the entrepreneurship competences of nursing students within its dimensions, which are fundamental for the professional development of nursing.

Objetivo. Desarrollar una escala válida y fiable para medir competencias emprendedoras para estudiantes de enfermería, evaluando el nivel de desarrollo en diversas dimensiones del emprendimiento. Métodos. Se construyó el Instrumento de Medición Emprendedora Cataluña (IME.Cat) adaptando dos instrumentos existentes y se llevó a cabo un estudio psicométrico que abordó la validez de contenido, de constructo y la fiabilidad. Se examinaron la consistencia interna y la capacidad de discriminación de los ítems del instrumento. Resultados. La escala IME.Cat mostró una alta fiabilidad (α=0.89) para el conjunto completo de 25 ítems. Los valores del α de Cronbach de las dimensiones individuales fueron: Manejo de problemas=0.78; Creatividad=0.76; Seguridad personal=0.64; y Aceptación del riesgo=0.46. Los índices de homogeneidad corregidos para cada ítem del instrumento fueron elevados (>0.40). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio validó la estructura propuesta de ítems por dimensión. Conclusión. La escala IME.Cat mostró valores psicométricos sólidos para evaluar competencias emprendedoras en estudiantes de enfermería en sus dimensiones, las cuales son fundamentales en el desarrollo profesional de la enfermería.

Objetivo. Desenvolver uma escala válida e confiável para medir as competências empreendedoras dos alunos de enfermagem, avaliando o nível de desenvolvimento em várias dimensões do empreendedorismo. Métodos. O Instrumento de Medição de Empreendedorismo da Catalunha (IME.Cat) foi construído com a adaptação de dois instrumentos existentes, e um estudo psicométrico foi realizado para abordar a validade de conteúdo, a validade de construção e a confiabilidade. A consistência interna e a capacidade discriminatória dos itens do instrumento foram examinadas. Resultados. A escala IME.cat apresentou alta confiabilidade (α=0.89) para o conjunto completo de 25 itens. Os valores de α de Cronbach para as dimensões individuais foram: Tratamento de problemas=0.78; Criatividade=0.76; Segurança pessoal=0.64; e Aceitação de riscos=0.46. Os índices de homogeneidade corrigidos para cada item do instrumento foram altos (>0.40). A análise fatorial confirmatória validou a estrutura de itens proposta por dimensão. Conclusões. A escala IME.Cat apresentou bons valores psicométricos para avaliar as competências empreendedoras dos estudantes de enfermagem em suas dimensões, que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento profissional da enfermagem.

A Review of the Applicability of Current Green Practices in Healthcare Facilities.

BACKGROUND: Circular economy (CE) has raised great interest as a concept and as a development model worldwide. This concept aims to provide a substitute for the linear economic model, which was based on production and consumption, continuous growth, and resources depletion. CE allows a greener economy with sustainable development and promotes more balanced societies. The healthcare sector is a major contributor to the climate crisis, with a carbon footprint representing 4.4% of global net emissions. It is thus essential to rethink the applicability of CE in healthcare. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework and utilised PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. A systematic search from MEDLINE complete, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases published between 1992 and 2022. RESULTS: Through database searching a total of 1018 records were identified and 475 duplicates were removed. From the total search, 543 articles were screened by title/abstract according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening, 38 full-text articles were selected and assessed for eligibility. Forty-seven additional records were also identified through other sources and screened for eligibility. Other sources included: 12 articles from snowballing of previous papers; 9 articles following peer-reviewers suggestions; 19 reports from relevant organisations in CE and healthcare; two webpage, and one book. CONCLUSION: Specific areas were identified where hospitals could reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consequently their negative environmental impact, namely through waste management, energy, water, transportation/travel, hospital design, food optimisation, green procurement, and behaviour. Also, lack of staff awareness and knowledge of the environmental impact of healthcare, and hospitals sustainability were identified as major contributors.

Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Opioid misuse has dramatically increased over the last few decades resulting in many people suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD). The prevalence of opioid overdose has been driven by the development of new synthetic opioids, increased availability of prescription opioids, and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Coinciding with increases in exposure to opioids, the United States has also observed increases in multiple Narcan (naloxone) administrations as a life-saving measures for respiratory depression, and, thus, consequently, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Sleep dysregulation is a main symptom of OUD and opioid withdrawal syndrome, and therefore, should be a key facet of animal models of OUD. Here we examine the effect of precipitated and spontaneous morphine withdrawal on sleep behaviors in C57BL/6 J mice. We find that morphine administration and withdrawal dysregulate sleep, but not equally across morphine exposure paradigms. Furthermore, many environmental triggers promote relapse to drug-seeking/taking behavior, and the stress of disrupted sleep may fall into that category. We find that sleep deprivation dysregulates sleep in mice that had previous opioid withdrawal experience. Our data suggest that the 3-day precipitated withdrawal paradigm has the most profound effects on opioid-induced sleep dysregulation and further validates the construct of this model for opioid dependence and OUD.

GliaMorph: a modular image analysis toolkit to quantify Müller glial cell morphology.

Cell morphology is crucial for all cell functions. This is particularly true for glial cells as they rely on complex shape to contact and support neurons. However, methods to quantify complex glial cell shape accurately and reproducibly are lacking. To address this, we developed the image analysis pipeline 'GliaMorph'. GliaMorph is a modular analysis toolkit developed to perform (1) image pre-processing, (2) semi-automatic region-of-interest selection, (3) apicobasal texture analysis, (4) glia segmentation, and (5) cell feature quantification. Müller glia (MG) have a stereotypic shape linked to their maturation and physiological status. Here, we characterized MG on three levels: (1) global image-level, (2) apicobasal texture, and (3) regional apicobasal vertical-to-horizontal alignment. Using GliaMorph, we quantified MG development on a global and single-cell level, showing increased feature elaboration and subcellular morphological rearrangement in the zebrafish retina. As proof of principle, we analysed expression changes in a mouse glaucoma model, identifying subcellular protein localization changes in MG. Together, these data demonstrate that GliaMorph enables an in-depth understanding of MG morphology in the developing and diseased retina.

Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Opioid misuse has dramatically increased over the last few decades resulting in many people suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD). The prevalence of opioid overdose has been driven by the development of new synthetic opioids, increased availability of prescription opioids, and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Coinciding with increases in exposure to opioids, the United States has also observed increases in multiple Narcan (naloxone) administrations as life-saving measures for respiratory depression, and, thus, consequently, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Sleep dysregulation is a main symptom of OUD and opioid withdrawal syndrome, and therefore, should be a key facet of animal models of OUD. Here we examine the effect of precipitated and spontaneous morphine withdrawal on sleep behaviors in C57BL/6J mice. We find that morphine administration and withdrawal dysregulate sleep, but not equally across morphine exposure paradigms. Furthermore, many environmental triggers promote relapse to drug-seeking/taking behavior, and the stress of disrupted sleep may fall into that category. We find that sleep deprivation dysregulates sleep in mice that had previous opioid withdrawal experience. Our data suggest that the 3-day precipitated withdrawal paradigm has the most profound effects on opioid-induced sleep dysregulation and further validates the construct of this model for opioid dependence and OUD. Highlights: Morphine withdrawal differentially dysregulates the sleep of male and female mice3-day precipitated withdrawal results in larger changes than spontaneous withdrawalOpioid withdrawal affects responses to future sleep deprivation differently between sexes.

Without fear of change: the flipped classroom as a flexible model in different learning environments.

The study presented is the result of a research study conducted within a historical moment which led to the pandemic in 2020, and the unexpected situation experienced by university professors of transforming their face-to-face teaching to a virtual model. The resulting situation of confinement was utilized to explore how professors in Spain who implemented the Flipped Classroom (FC) model adapted to the change. The main goal was to verify if the FC model facilitated the transition from face-to-face to virtual teaching of university courses. A quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive approach was considered as the most adequate to reach the objective proposed, with the use of an ad-hoc Likert-type questionnaire. A total of 130 individuals completed the questionnaire, of which 48.5% were men and 51.5% women. The results showed that professors had to make very few changes to their courses. The female professors, and those who had less teaching experience with the FC model, mentioned having to make more modifications. Our findings show that the FC model facilitated the transition from a face-to-face university teaching model to a virtual one.

Taking a deep breath: How a brainstem pathway integrates pain and breathing.

In this issue of Neuron, Liu et al. (2022) shed light on the neural circuits supporting pain- and anxiety-induced elevated breathing rhythms. They reveal PBL core-Oprm1 neurons projecting onto the CeA and shell-Oprm1 neurons projecting onto the preBötC as differential regulators of these behaviors.

First record of the spatial organization of the nucleosome-less chromatin of dinoflagellates: The nonrandom distribution of microsatellites and bipolar arrangement of telomeres in the nucleus of Gambierdiscus australes (Dinophyceae).

Dinoflagellates are a group of protists whose exceptionally large genome is organized in permanently condensed nucleosome-less chromosomes. In this study, we examined the potential role of repetitive DNAs in both the structure of dinoflagellate chromosomes and the architecture of the dinoflagellate nucleus. Non-denaturing fluorescent in situ hybridization (ND-FSH) was used to determine the abundance and physical distribution of telomeric DNA and 16 microsatellites (1- to 4-bp repeats) in the nucleus of Gambierdiscus australes. The results showed an increased relative abundance of the different microsatellite motifs with increasing GC content. Two ND-FISH probes, (A)20 and (AAT)5 , did not yield signals whereas the remainder revealed a dispersed but nonrandom distribution of the microsatellites, mostly in clusters. The bean-shaped interphase nucleus of G. australes contained a region with a high density of trinucleotides. This nuclear compartment was located between the nucleolar organizer region (NOR), located on the concave side of the nucleus, and the convex side. Telomeric DNA was grouped in multiple foci and distributed in two polarized compartments: one associated with the NOR and the other peripherally located along the convex side of the nucleus. Changes in the position of the telomeres during cell division evidenced their dynamic distribution and thus that of the chromosomes during dinomitosis. These insights into the spatial organization of microsatellites and telomeres and thus into the nuclear architecture of G. australes will open up new lines of research into the structure and function of the nucleosome-less chromatin of dinoflagellates.