RESUMO
Objetivo: Analizar si los niños con prótesis mioeléctricas pueden mejorar sus destrezas motoras necesarias para la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) de manera independiente. Material y método: Se realizó un programa estructurado de terapia ocupacional, basado en actividades de coordinación motora fina y gruesa, así como un refuerzo constante de las AVD, durante 6 días en 10 niños amputados (4 chicos y 6 chicas) usuarios de prótesis mioeléctricas, con edades comprendidas entre 4-0 años. Se administró el Assessment of Process and Motor Skills (AMPS) para evaluar las destrezas motoras al inicio y al finalizar la estancia en el campamento. Resultados: En la primera valoración y en la segunda obtuvieron respectivamente los siguientes resultados por destrezas: alcanza (2,0-1,4), se inclina (1,8-1,2), manipula (2,1-1,6), coordina (2,3-2,0), mueve (2,1-1,7), posiciona (2,0-1,7), camina (1,2-1,1), transporta (1,7-1,6). Todos los participantes mejoraron en las habilidades referidas a la posición corporal, obtener y sujetar objetos, y movilización de si mismos y de los objetos. Conclusiones: Los programas intensivos de terapia ocupacional en los niños usuarios de prótesis mioeléctricas son eficaces, ya que mejoran la calidad en la realización de las AVD lo que redunda en la mejora de la autoestima y en la calidad de vida de los niños (AU)
Objective: To analyse myoelectric prostheses in amputated children on fulfilling activities of daily life (ADL) independently. Material and method: A structured occupational therapy programme was performed, based on fine and gross motor coordination activities as well as constant reinforcement of ADL for 6 days in 10 amputated children (4 boys and 6 girls) using myoelectric prostheses, aged within 4-0 years. The Assessment of Process and Motor Skills (AMPS) was administered to evaluate motor skills at the start and at the end of stay in the camp. Results: The following results were obtained in the first and the second assessment, by skills, respectively: reaches (2.0-1.4), bends (1.8-1.2), manipulates (2.1-1.6), coordinates (2.3-2.0), moves (2.1-1.7), positions (2.0- 1.7), walks (1.2-1.1), carries (1.7-1.6). All participants improved their skills referring to body position, obtaining and holding objects and moving themselves and objects. Conclusion: Invasive occupational therapy programmes in children using myoelectric prostheses are effective, as they improve quality in fulfilling ADL, leading to an improved self-esteem and quality of life of children (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/efeitos da radiação , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/terapia , Terapia Ocupacional/instrumentação , Terapia Ocupacional , Qualidade de Vida , 28599RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Occupational therapy is a young discipline in many aspects, but since ancient times an important number of reports have appeared in the health sciences literature and in the early days of neurology and psychiatry that can shed light on the origins and the fundamental principles that underlie this profession today. We have gathered examples that show how the philosophy and the clinical practice of the procedures used in occupational therapy stem from the process of humanising medical care. AIMS: After analysing the information currently available to us on the history of the influence of humanism on the development of medicine in Spain, the authors believe they have found enough evidence to identify the precursors of occupational therapy at that point in history. DEVELOPMENT: Our study examines facts that appear to situate the earliest evidence of occupational therapy at the origins of Spanish neurology and psychiatry in the 15th century, and which were later to have such a powerful influence on the birth of certain aspects of Pinel's moral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: If we accept 'moral treatment' as being one of the main forerunners of occupational therapy, and if we take into account that the humanitarian way patients were dealt with in Spanish neurological and psychiatric institutions and hospitals in the 15th century had a notable influence on the principles that regulated that 'moral treatment', then it is reasonable to state that the earliest evidence of occupational therapy is to be found in the development of humanisation within Spanish medical care.
Assuntos
Terapia Ocupacional/história , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História Antiga , História Medieval , Hospitais Religiosos/história , Hospitais Especializados/história , Humanos , Direitos do Paciente/história , EspanhaRESUMO
La terapia ocupacional es una disciplina joven en muchos aspectos, pero desde la Antigüedad existe un notable número de referencias en la literatura de las ciencias de la salud y en los comienzos de la neurología y la psiquiatría, que nos acercan a los orígenes y a los principales fundamentos que hoy en día mueven esta profesión. Se han recogido ejemplos que ilustran que la filosofía y la práctica clínica de la intervención de la terapia ocupacional nace del proceso de humanización de la asistencia médica. Objetivo. Analizando la información que existe sobre la historia de la influencia del humanismo en la evolución de la medicina en España, los autores creen haber encontrado indicios suficientes para situar los orígenes precursores de la terapia ocupacional en ese momento histórico. Desarrollo. Se estudian hechos que parecen localizarlos primeros rastros de la terapia ocupacional en el origen de la neurología y la psiquiatría españolas en el siglo XV, y que han tenido una gran influencia después en el nacimiento de algunos aspectos del tratamiento moral de Pinel. Conclusiones. Si aceptamos que el tratamiento moral es uno de los principales antecesores de la terapia ocupacional, y si consideramos que el trato humanitario, dispensado en las instituciones y hospitales neurológicos y psiquiátricos españoles del siglo XV, influyó notablemente en los principios que regulaban el tratamiento moral, podemos afirmar que en el desarrollo de la humanizaciónen la asistencia médica española se encuentran los primeros esbozos de la terapia ocupacional (AU)
Occupational therapy is a young discipline in many aspects, but since ancient times an important number of reports have appeared in the health sciences literature and in the early days of neurology and psychiatry that can shed light on the origins and the fundamental principles that underlie this profession today. We have gathered examples that show how the philosophy and the clinical practice of the procedures used in occupational therapy stem from the process of humanising medical care. Aims. After analysing the information currently available to us on the history of the influence of humanism on the development of medicine in Spain, the authors believe they have found enough evidence to identify the precursors of occupational therapy at that point in history. Development. Our study examines facts that appear to situate the earliest evidence of occupational therapy at the origins of Spanish neurology and psychiatry in the 15th century, and which were later to have such a powerful influence on the birth of certain aspects of Pinels moral treatment. Conclusions. If we accept moral treatment' as being one of the main forerunners of occupational therapy, and if we take into account that the humanitarian way patients were dealt with in Spanish neurological and psychiatric institutions and hospitals in the 15th century had a notable influence on the principles that regulated that moral treatment, then it is reasonable to state that the earliest evidence of occupational therapy is to be found in the development of humanisation within Spanish medical care (AU)
