Endobronchial metastasis from extrathoracic malignancies: A clinicopathological study of 11 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Endobronchial metastases are uncommon. It accounts for 2-28%. Most common tumors that metastasis to the endobronchial site are breast, renal, endometrial and colon carcinomas. They have to be identified properly because they present poor prognosis and different treatment modalities when compared to that of primary lung carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a total of 11 retrospective cases of Endobronchial metastasis. Detailed clinic pathological and radiological findings were analyzed along with a detailed Immunohistochemical workup and Endobronchial findings. RESULTS: Mean age of presentation was 55 years with female predominance (Male to female ratio was 1:1.2). Most common tumors encountered were carcinoma breast (3), colorectal carcinomas (2), renal cell carcinoma (2) followed by one each from carcinoma endometrium, cervix and thyroid. Common symptom was cough followed by dyspnea. Exophytic endobronchial growth was common with right main bronchus being the common site. CONCLUSION: Endobronchial metastasis occurs in various types of malignancies. It should always be differentiated from primary lung carcinomas as they carries poor prognosis and different treatment protocol when compared to that of primary lung tumors.

Bilateral congenital mucous extravasation phenomenon: A rare case with literature review.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a rare case of bilateral congenital mucous extravasation phenomenon on buccal mucosa near commissure of mouth. The lesions were noted at birth, subsequently enlarged to interfere with feeding. The lesion frequently ruptured, regressed, and again enlarged to interfere with normal function. The lesions were surgically removed under general anesthesia at 11 months of age and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Postoperative follow-up after 14 months showed no recurrence.

Sclerosing liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum: An unusual case.

Liposarcomas are extremely rare in the mediastinum. Patients usually present late due to the compressive effect of the tumor on the adjacent structures. Severity of the symptoms depend mainly on the size of the tumor and the structure it infiltrates. Well differentiated slow growing liposarcomas are the most common ones in the mediastinum followed by dedifferentiated and poorly differentiated ones. These tumors have bad prognosis because of incomplete surgical excision due to its inaccessible location. Hence these patients should be kept under close follow up because of high recurrent rates. Here we are presenting a rare case of anterior mediastinal sclerosing liposarcoma in a 77 year old male.

Angiogenesis, Proliferative Activity and DNA Ploidy in Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: A Comparative Study Including Verrucous Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare and distinct clinicopathologic variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aims to evaluate the histomorphology, proliferative activity, level of angiogenesis, and DNA ploidy of these pathological entities. This was a retrospective-prospective study of 18 cases of verrucous hyperplasia (VH), 41 cases of VC, and 44 cases of SCC. Immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67 (MIB-1) and CD34 were performed. The tumor proliferative index, endothelial proliferative index and microvascular density were calculated. DNA ploidy was determined using image cytometry. The age range and gender ratio were similar in all three groups. The differences in MIB-1 labeling index (p = 0.0001), microvascular density (p = 0.01), and endothelial proliferative index (p = 0.001) between VC and SCC were found to be statistically significant. A non-significant increasing trend was observed in all of these parameters between VH and VC. On ploidy analysis, 100 % of SCC cases were aneuploid, compared to 39 % of VH and 86 % of VC cases. Our study demonstrates a significant difference in tumor proliferation, microvessel density, and ploidy between VC and SCC while increasing trend between VH and VC. These parameters, along with morphological findings, may be useful in differentiating these entities in small mucosal biopsies.