[Sport and eugenics: the linao game regulation project by the Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, Santiago de Chile, 1929]. / Deporte y eugenesia: el proyecto de reglamentación del linao por el Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, Santiago de Chile, 1929.

The source presented is the Linao Game Regulation Project, prepared by the Club Gimnasia y Deportes, and published in Santiago in 1929. The brochure consists of a speech by Dr. Luis Bisquertt and the normative corpus of linao, an ancestral ball game. Its transcription is useful for the historical study of sport, and research on the modernization of traditions in the national construction. It is also useful to understand the pedagogical and eugenic discourses, associated with the professional activity developed by the first physical education teachers at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Se presenta la fuente Proyecto de Reglamentación de Linao, elaborado por el Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, y publicado en Santiago en 1929. El folleto consiste en un discurso del doctor Luis Bisquertt y el corpus normativo del linao, juego de pelota ancestral. Su transcripción es de utilidad para el estudio histórico del deporte, la investigación sobre la modernización de tradiciones en la construcción de lo nacional, y a su vez, permite comprender los discursos pedagógicos y eugenésicos, asociados a la actividad profesional desarrollada por los primeros profesores de educación física a principios del siglo XX.

Deporte y eugenesia: el proyecto de reglamentación del linao por el Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, Santiago de Chile, 1929 / Sport and eugenics: the linao game regulation project by the Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, Santiago de Chile, 1929

Resumen Se presenta la fuente Proyecto de Reglamentación de Linao, elaborado por el Club de Gimnasia y Deportes, y publicado en Santiago en 1929. El folleto consiste en un discurso del doctor Luis Bisquertt y el corpus normativo del linao, juego de pelota ancestral. Su transcripción es de utilidad para el estudio histórico del deporte, la investigación sobre la modernización de tradiciones en la construcción de lo nacional, y a su vez, permite comprender los discursos pedagógicos y eugenésicos, asociados a la actividad profesional desarrollada por los primeros profesores de educación física a principios del siglo XX.

Abstract The source presented is the Linao Game Regulation Project, prepared by the Club Gimnasia y Deportes, and published in Santiago in 1929. The brochure consists of a speech by Dr. Luis Bisquertt and the normative corpus of linao, an ancestral ball game. Its transcription is useful for the historical study of sport, and research on the modernization of traditions in the national construction. It is also useful to understand the pedagogical and eugenic discourses, associated with the professional activity developed by the first physical education teachers at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Hormonal intervention for the treatment of veterans with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (HITCH): a multicenter, phase 2 randomized controlled trial of best supportive care vs best supportive care plus degarelix: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic targeting of host-cell factors required for SARS-CoV-2 entry is an alternative strategy to ameliorate COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 entry into lung epithelium requires the TMPRSS2 cell surface protease. Pre-clinical and correlative data in humans suggest that anti-androgenic therapies can reduce the expression of TMPRSS2 on lung epithelium. Accordingly, we hypothesize that therapeutic targeting of androgen receptor signaling via degarelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist, will suppress COVID-19 infection and ameliorate symptom severity. METHODS: This is a randomized phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial in 198 patients to compare efficacy of degarelix plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care on improving the clinical outcomes of male Veterans who have been hospitalized due to COVID-19. Enrolled patients must have documented infection with SARS-CoV-2 based on a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction result performed on a nasopharyngeal swab and have a severity of illness of level 3-5 (hospitalized but not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation). Patients stratified by age, history of hypertension, and severity are centrally randomized 2:1 (degarelix: placebo). The composite primary endpoint is mortality, ongoing need for hospitalization, or requirement for mechanical ventilation at 15 after randomization. Important secondary endpoints include time to clinical improvement, inpatient mortality, length of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to achieve a normal temperature, and the maximum severity of COVID-19 illness. Exploratory analyses aim to assess the association of cytokines, viral load, and various comorbidities with outcome. In addition, TMPRSS2 expression in target tissue and development of anti-viral antibodies will also be investigated. DISCUSSION: In this trial, we repurpose the FDA approved LHRH antagonist degarelix, commonly used for prostate cancer, to suppress TMPRSS2, a host cell surface protease required for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. The objective is to determine if temporary androgen suppression with a single dose of degarelix improves the clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04397718. Registered on May 21, 2020.

Application of a direct current circuit to pick up and to store bioelectricity produced by microbial fuel cells / Aplicación de un circuito de corriente continua para la colección y almacenamiento de bioelectricidad producida por celdas de combustible microbianas / Aplicação de um circuito de corrente contínua para coleta e armazenamento de bioeletricidade produzida por células a combustível microbianas

Abstract Every year the demand for energy worldwide is increasing. There are some alternatives to reduce these problems, such as clean energy or renewable energy. A particular alternative is the microbial fuel cells. These cells are biochemical reactors that convert chemical energy into electricity. The present research evaluated the dairy serum to produce bioelectricity from micro fuel cells (MFC) that were constructed with low-cost materials and with isolated bacteria in anaerobic sediments, located in Ecuadorian national territory, producing maximum voltages of 0.830 V in the circuit and a maximum power density of 30 mW / m2. This low voltage was worked with 50 mL MFCs and with an output voltage of 300 mV. Under these conditions, a FLYBACK lift circuit isolated by the transformer was designed. This new circuit could increase the voltage from 30 mV to enough voltage to light a 2.5 V LED. Therefore, the energy produced by the MFC can be directly used to light a LED and to charge capacitors. This study shows that these MFCs, together with the designed circuit, could be used potentially to generate clean energy.

Resumen Cada año la demanda de energía, en todo el mundo, va en aumento. Existen algunas alternativas para reducir estos problemas, tales como las energías limpias y renovables. Una alternativa muy específica es el uso de celdas de combustible microbianas. Dichas celdas son reactores bioquímicos que convierten la energía química en electricidad. La presente investigación evaluó el suero lácteo para la producción de bioelectricidad en celdas de combustible microbianas (MFC). Estas fueron construidas con materiales de bajo costo y con bacterias aisladas en sedimentos anaeróbicos, ubicados en territorio nacional ecuatoriano, produciendo voltajes máximos de 0,830 V en el circuito y una densidad de potencia máxima de 30 mW / m2. Este bajo voltaje se trabajó con MFC de 50 mL y con un voltaje de salida de 300 mV. Bajo estas condiciones, se diseñó un circuito de elevación FLYBACK aislado por transformador. Este nuevo circuito aumentará el voltaje de 30 mV a un voltaje suficiente para encender un LED de 2.5 V. Por lo tanto, la energía producida por las MFC puede ser directamente utilizable para encender un LED y cargar los condensadores. Este estudio muestra que dichas celdas MFC, junto con el circuito diseñado, podrían utilizarse, potencialmente, para generar energía limpia.

Resumo Todos os anos a demanda por energia, em todo o mundo, está aumentando. Existem algumas alternativas para reduzir esses problemas, como energias limpas e renováveis. Uma alternativa muito específica é o uso de células combustíveis microbianas. Essas células são reatores bioquímicos que convertem energia química em eletricidade. O presente trabalho avaliou o soro lácteo para a produção de bioeletricidade em células a combustível microbianas (CCM), Estes foram construídos com materiais de baixo custo e bactérias isoladas em sedimentos anaeróbios, localizados no território nacional equatoriano, produzindo tensões máximas de 0,830 V no circuito e uma densidade de potência máxima de 30 mW / m2. Esta baixa voltagem trabalhamos com CCM de 50 mL e com uma voltagem de saída de 300 mV. Sob essas condições, um circuito de elevação FLYBACK isolado por transformador foi projetado. Este novo circuito aumentará a tensão de 30 mV para uma tensão suficiente para ligar um LED de 2,5 V. Portanto, a energia produzida pelo MFC pode ser diretamente utilizável para ligar um LED e carregar os capacitores. Este estudo mostra que essas células CCM, juntamente com o circuito projetado, poderiam ser usadas para gerar energia limpa.

Vitamin D receptor gene, biochemical bone markers and bone mineral density in Mexican women on dialysis.

BACKGROUND: The influence of the Bsm1 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene on mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still under discussion. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between VDR polymorphism, bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers and clinical factors in women on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 197 women (42 +/- 10 years; 25% with diabetes mellitus (DM); body mass index (BMI) 25.26 +/- 4.77 kg/m(2)) treated by PD (72%) or HD (28%) underwent measurements of BMD (measured at the calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound; expressed as T- and Z-scores) and plasma total calcium (tCa), intact parathyroid hormone 1-84 (iPTH), phosphorus, albumin, glucose, osteoprotegerin (OPG), fetuin-A, intact osteocalcin-49 and N-MID fragment 1-43 aa (N-MID osteocalcin) N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide-beta aspartic acid (BCL). DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. PCR products were digested with Bsm1 to analyse VDR polymorphism. RESULTS: The Z-score of BMD was -1.1 +/- 1.03. According to the values of osteopenia (T-score = -1.0), patients with higher BMD were younger, had lower frequency of amenorrhoea and diabetes and had higher serum creatinine and fetuin levels as well as lower levels of PINP. In a stepwise multivariate logistics analysis, osteopenia was associated with presence of genotype BB+Bb (OR = 3.26, P < or = 0.003) and age (OR = 0.95, P = 0.050). According to the B allele, bb: n = 126 (64%) and BB+Bb: n = 71(36%), group bb had significantly higher mean Z-scores (-0.97 +/- 1.0 vs -1.3+/-0.92; P < or = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of osteopenia observed in female CKD patients on dialysis is associated with age and genetic predisposition as revealed by its association to the Bsm1 VDR polymorphism.