Mental health assessment of the Brazilian LGBTQIAP+ population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the frequency and associated factors of non-psychotic mental disorders and anxiety symptoms in a Brazilian LGBTQIAP+ sample. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, conducted from September to October 2020 using an online questionnaire, with instruments for sociodemographic characterization, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener and the Self-Report Questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate the effect of sociodemographic variables on mental health. RESULTS: Positive screening for anxiety and non-psychotic disorders were identified in 85.2% and 60.2% of the participants, respectively. Younger age groups, who professed some religion, only had access to public health, and presented with medical conditions showed a higher risk for non-psychotic mental disorders. Individuals under 30 (1.33, 95%, CI = 1.17-1.52) presented a high risk for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anxiety and non-psychotic disorders during the COVID pandemic was high. Implementation of health policies and interventions targeting identified risk factors is recommended.

Mental health assessment of the Brazilian LGBTQIAP+ population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study / Avaliação da saúde mental da população LGBTQIAP+ brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19: estudo transversal / Evaluación de la salud mental de la población LGBTQIAP+ brasileña durante la pandemia de COVID-19: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between the frequency and associated factors of non-psychotic mental disorders and anxiety symptoms in a Brazilian LGBTQIAP+ sample. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted from September to October 2020 using an online questionnaire, with instruments for sociodemographic characterization, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener and the Self-Report Questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate the effect of sociodemographic variables on mental health. Results: Positive screening for anxiety and non-psychotic disorders were identified in 85.2% and 60.2% of the participants, respectively. Younger age groups, who professed some religion, only had access to public health, and presented with medical conditions showed a higher risk for non-psychotic mental disorders. Individuals under 30 (1.33, 95%, CI = 1.17-1.52) presented a high risk for anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and non-psychotic disorders during the COVID pandemic was high. Implementation of health policies and interventions targeting identified risk factors is recommended.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a frequência e fatores associados de transtornos mentais não psicóticos e sintomas de ansiedade em uma amostra brasileira LGBTQIAP+. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de setembro a outubro de 2020 por meio de um questionário online, incluindo instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener e o Self-Report Questionnaire. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi realizada para estimar o efeitodas variáveis sociodemográficas sobre a saúde mental. Resultados: A triagem positiva para ansiedade e transtornos não psicóticos foi identificada em 85,2% e 60,2% dos participantes, respectivamente. Faixas etárias mais jovens, que possuíam alguma religião, tinham acesso somente à saúde pública e alguma condição clínica prévia apresentaram maior risco para transtornos mentais não psicóticos. Indivíduos com menos de 30 anos (1,33, 95%, IC = 1,17-1,52) apresentaram alto risco para sintomas de ansiedade. Conclusão: A prevalência de ansiedade e transtornos não psicóticos durante a pandemia de COVID foi alta. Recomenda-se a implementação de políticas e intervenções de saúde direcionadas aos fatores de risco identificados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre la frecuencia y los factores asociados de trastornos mentales no psicóticos y síntomas de ansiedad en una muestra brasileña LGBTQIAP+. Método: Estudio transversal realizado de septiembre a octubre de 2020 mediante cuestionario en línea, con instrumentos de caracterización sociodemográfica, el Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener y el Self-Report Questionnaire. El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas Chi-cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher. Se realizó una regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para estimar el efecto de las variables sociodemográficas sobre la salud mental. Resultados: Se observó resultado positivo para ansiedad y trastornos no psicóticos en el 85,2% y el 60,2% de los participantes, respectivamente. Los grupos de edad más jóvenes, que profesaban alguna religión, solo tenían acceso a la salud pública y tenían condiciones médicas presentaban mayor riesgo de trastornos mentales no psicóticos. Los individuos menores de 30 años (1,33, 95%, IC = 1,17-1,52) presentaron alto riesgo de síntomas de ansiedad. Conclusión: La prevalencia de ansiedad y trastornos no psicóticos durante la pandemia de COVID fue alta. Se recomienda la implementación de políticas e intervenciones de salud dirigidas a los factores de riesgo identificados.

Prevalence, Circumstances, and Risk Factors of Falls Among Community Dwelling Members of University of the Third Age.

Introduction: The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral, and social transformations, often including tobacco use. Because understanding smoking at this stage is important for tobacco control, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the Brazilian youth population. Methods: This study included participants aged 16-25 years from all Brazilian capitals. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained healthcare professionals to collect information about sociodemographic status, sexual behavior, and tobacco use. The samples from each capital were weighted by age range and sex. Results: Of the 8,581 participants, 15.1% were current smokers, and 20.0% were former smokers; the average age at first tobacco use was 15.5 years. The prevalence of smoking in men was higher than that in women (20.1 vs. 10.3%, p < 0.01). Education level was associated with current smoking and former smoking. Participants with an elementary education level had a higher smoking prevalence (PR: 5.84, 95%, CI: 4.29-7.95) than those with a secondary education (PR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.63-2.93) and those with higher education. Those without current partners (PR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.56) also had a higher prevalence of smoking than those with partners, and participants who had a previous same-sex sexual experience smoked more (PR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.78-2.96) than those who did not. In addition, regular use of alcohol was associated with higher prevalence of cigarette smoking (PR: 5.65, 95% CI: 4.03-7.90) than a lack of alcohol consumption. Skin color and socioeconomic class did not exhibit significant relationships with tobacco use patterns. Conclusions: Smoking was associated with education level regardless of social class, and some specific behaviors associated with a same-sex sexual experience were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. These findings are important for formulating policies and directing actions to combat and prevent smoking among young populations.

Diagnostic Properties of Three SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Tests.

Serological assays emerged as complementary tools to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as being needed for epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the performance of a rapid test (RT) compared to that of serological tests using finger prick blood samples. A total of 183 samples were evaluated, 88 of which were collected from individuals with negative RT-PCR and 95 from positive RT-PCR individuals. The diagnostic performance of RT (WONDFO®) and LUMIT (PROMEGA®) were compared to that of ELISA (EUROIMMUN®) for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to time from symptoms onset. The IgG antibody tests were detected in 77.4% (LUMIT), 77.9% (RT), and 80.0% (ELISA) of individuals. The detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 increases in accordance with increasing time from symptoms onset. Considering only time from symptoms onset >21 days, the positivity rate ranged from 81.8 to 97.0% between the three tests. The RT and LUMIT showed high agreement with ELISA (agreement = 91.5%, k = 0.83, and agreement = 96.3%, k = 0.9, respectively) in individuals who had symptoms 15 to 21 days before sample collection. Compared to that of the ELISA assay, our results show sensitivity ranged from 95% to 100% for IgG antibody detection in individuals with symptoms onset between 15 and 21 days before sample collection. The specificity was 100% in individuals with symptoms onset >15 days before serological tests. This study shows good performance and high level of agreement of three immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Factors Associated with HIV and Vulnerability Contexts for Women in Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV and vulnerability contexts for women in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants were 1326 women recruited by complex sampling design, divided into two groups: 640 women with HIV (WLH) and 686 women who did not have HIV (WNLH). Gross and weighted statistical analyses were performed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for 12 variables. The main results demonstrated that WLH had lower income (p < .001) and poorer education (p = .038), and few used condoms during their first sexual intercourse (p < .001). The occurrence of HIV was higher among the black population (p < .001). Sex in exchange for money (p < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (p < .001) were more frequent among WLH than among WNLH. The age of sexual debut and age difference from the partner at first sexual intercourse (FSI) were not associated with the outcome. The high percentage of non-use of condoms during the FSI shows how vulnerable individuals are right at the beginning of their sexual lives. More effective prevention strategies can be developed by nurses in view of the contexts of vulnerability surrounding women.

Innovating the fight against syphilis: SIM Project / Inovando a luta contra a sífilis: Projeto SIM

Introduction: Syphilis is a major public health problem. Its incidence has increased in Brazil, particularly in the Southern Region. New tools are available, and immediate action is necessary. Objective: To describe the pilot study of an investigation aimed to assess the prevalence of syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HIV and evaluate three strategies for adherence to syphilis treatment. Methods: A spontaneous sample of participants was evaluated with a structured questionnaire and underwent rapid tests for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C after signing an informed consent form (ICF). Rapid tests reagent for syphilis were confirmed by quantitative venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Participants with confirmation of syphilis were randomized into three groups for follow-up: telephone calls, SIM app, and usual care at the health unit. Results: During a two-day pilot, 68 participants were included. Fourteen (20.6%) had tests reagent for syphilis, 1 (1.5%) for hepatitis B, 3 (4.4%) for hepatitis C, and 1 (1.5%) for HIV. Eight (57.1%) of the initial 14 individuals with rapid tests reagent for syphilis agreed to participate in the study. Out of the 8 rapid tests for syphilis, 2 (25%) were confirmed as active syphilis (>1/8). Conclusion: The prevalence of active syphilis estimated in this population was 3.5%. The demand for tests was high. The COVID-19 epidemic had a negative impact on the development of the study, which is ready for implementation. Discussions on the role of such a testing unit and the coverage of the research project in a context that requires increasing COVID-19-focused testing are fundamental for the future development of the project.

Introdução: A sífilis é um importante problema de saúde pública. A incidência tem aumentado no Brasil, principalmente na Região Sul. Novas ferramentas estão disponíveis e uma ação imediata é necessária. Objetivo: Descrever o estudo piloto de uma pesquisa que avalia a prevalência de sífilis, hepatites B e C e HIV e três estratégias de aderência ao seguimento do tratamento. Métodos: Uma amostra espontânea de participantes foi avaliada com um questionário estruturado e testes rápidos para sífilis, HIV e hepatites B e C foram realizados após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Os testes rápidos reagentes para sífilis foram confirmados por VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) quantitativo e hemaglutinação para sífilis (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay ­ TPHA). Os participantes com confirmação de sífilis foram randomizados em três grupos para acompanhamento: ligações telefônicas, aplicativo do SIM e cuidados habituais na unidade de saúde. Resultados: Durante um piloto de dois dias, 68 participantes foram incluídos. Quatorze (20,6%) tiveram testes reagentes para sífilis, 1 (1,5%) para hepatite B, 3 (4,4%) para hepatite C e 1 (1,5%) para HIV. Oito (57,1%) dos 14 casos iniciais com teste rápido reagente para sífilis aceitaram participar do estudo. Dos 8 testes rápidos para sífilis, 2 (25%) foram confirmados como sífilis ativa (>1/8). Conclusão: A prevalência de sífilis ativa estimada nesta população foi de 3,5%. A demanda por exames foi alta. A epidemia de COVID-19 impactou negativamente o desenvolvimento do estudo, que está pronto para implementação. A discussão sobre o papel desta espécie de unidade de teste e a abrangência do projeto de pesquisa em um contexto que pede a expansão de testes focados na COVID-19 são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento futuro do projeto.

Qualidade de vida de pacientes com bronquiectasia em acompanhamento ambulatorial / Calidad de vida de pacientes con Bronquiectasia en seguimiento en el ambulatorio / Quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis following outpatient treatment

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com bronquiectasia em acompanhamento ambulatorial. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado com 31 pacientes com diagnóstico de bronquiectasia, desenvolvido no setor de fisioterapia respiratória da Clínica-escola Santa Edwiges ­ APAE e no Ambulatório de Pneumologia do Programa de Assistência ao Paciente Asmático do Hospital Universitário (PAPA) em São Luís, Maranhão, de julho a agosto de 2015, em que se aplicaram um questionário socioeconômico e demográfico e o questionário Short-Form-36 (SF-36) para avaliação da qualidade de vida. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados no software Epi Info, versão 7.0, sendo apresentados na forma de tabelas, através de valores absolutos (n), relativos (%), média, mediana, valor mínimo, valor máximo e desvio padrão. RESULTADOS: Observou-se idade média de 46,96±15,52 anos, predomínio do sexo feminino (54,8%; n= 17), cor parda (58,0%; n=18), casados (35,4%; n=11) e ensino fundamental completo (51,6%; n=16). Quanto à qualidade de vida, os domínios aspectos emocionais (16,1±30,9), aspectos físicos (19,3±30,7), estado geral de saúde (35,8±19,5) e capacidade funcional (50,3±25,0) apresentaram-se comprometidos, enquanto os domínios vitalidade (55,0±27,4), aspectos sociais (60,2±24,9), saúde mental (66,7±23,6) e dor (68,0±27,7) apresentaram bons resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação do SF-36 apontou uma redução da qualidade de vida em pacientes com bronquiectasia nos seguintes domínios: aspectos emocionais, aspectos físicos, estado geral de saúde e capacidade funcional. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis following outpatient treatment. METHODS: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study of 31 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis carried out in the Department of Respiratory Physical Therapy of the Santa Edwiges Teaching Clinic (Clínica-escola Santa Edwiges ­ APAE) and in the Outpatient Pulmonology Clinic of the Asthma Patient Care Program of the University Hospital (Programa de Assistência ao Paciente Asmático do Hospital Universitário ­ PAPA) in São Luís, Maranhão, from July to August 2015, using a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire and the SF-36 questionnaire to assess quality of life. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out in Epi Info, version 7.0 and the data are presented in tables using absolute (n) and relative (%) values, mean, median, minimum value, maximum value and standard deviation. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 46.96±15.52 years and there was a predominance of women (54.8%, n=17), pardos (58.0%, n=18), married individuals (35.4%, n=11) and complete elementary education (51.6%, n=16). Regarding quality of life, there was impairment of emotional aspects (16.1±30.9), physical aspects (19.3±30.7), general health status (35.8±19.5) and functional capacity (50.3±25.0), and vitality (55.0±27.4), social aspects (60.2±24.9), mental health (66.7±23.6) and pain (68.0±27.7) exhibited good results. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the SF-36 indicated a decreased quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis in the following domains: emotional aspects, physical aspects, general health status and functional capacity. (AU)

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Bronquiectasia en seguimiento en el ambulatorio. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo realizado con 31 pacientes con diagnóstico de bronquiectasia desarrollado en el sector de fisioterapia respiratoria de la Clínica-escuela Santa Edwiges ­ APAE y en el Ambulatorio de Neumología del Programa de Asistencia al Paciente Asmático del Hospital Universitario (PAPA) de São Luís, Maranhão, entre julio y agosto de 2015 en el cual se aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico y demográfico y el cuestionario Short-Form-36 (SF-36) para la evaluación de la calidad de vida. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos en el software Epi Info versión 7.0 que fueron presentados en tablas a través de los valores absolutos (n), los relativos (%), la media, la mediana, el valor mínimo y máximo y la desviación típica. RESULTADOS: Se observó la media de edad de 46,96±15,52 años, predominio del sexo femenino (54,8%; n= 17), el color pardo (58,0%; n=18), estado civil casado(a) (35,4%; n=11) y con educación primaria completa (51,6%; n=16). Respecto la calidad de vida, los dominios aspectos emocionales (16,1±30,9), aspectos físicos (19,3±30,7), estado general de salud (35,8±19,5) y capacidad funcional (50,3±25,0) se presentaron comprometidos mientras los dominios vitalidad (55,0±27,4), aspectos sociales (60,2±24,9), salud mental (66,7±23,6) y dolor (68,0±27,7) presentaron buenos resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: La evaluación del SF-36 apuntó una reducción de la calidad de vida de pacientes con bronquiectasia para los siguientes dominios: aspectos emocionales, aspectos físicos, estado general de salud y capacidad funcional. (AU)

Interações interpessoais e estresse entre policiais militares: um estudo correlacionai / Interpersonal transactions and stress among military policeofficers: a correlational study / Interacciones interpersonales y estrés entre los policiales: un estudio de correlación

Relações interpessoais são interações entre o self e as pessoas que fazem parte do círculo social ao qual o indivíduo pertence. Determinados tipos de interação interpessoal são fontes de estresse. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar como as interações interpessoais se relacionam com o estresse e investigar uma evidência de validade para o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II). Participaram 327 alunos dos cursos de Formação de Oficiais da Polícia Militar de um Estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M = 32 e DP=8). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e ao CLOIT-II. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas significativas entre estresse e posições interpessoais baseadas em hostilidade e ausência de correlação com posições interpessoais amigáveis. Do ponto de vista teórico, esses resultados evidenciam validade para o CLOIT-II. Do ponto de vista prático, eles sugerem medidas para atenção institucional profilática.

Interpersonal relations are interactions between the self and people who are part of the individual's social circle. Certain types of interpersonal transactions are sources of stress. The goal of this study is to verify how interpersonal patterns are related to stress among military police personnel, and to verify evidence for the meaningfulness of the CLOIT-II. 327 students, who aged from 18 to 49 years old (M = 32 and DP=8), joined the officer's training at a Brazilian state military police force. They answered the ISSL (a stress questionnaire) and the CLOIT-II (an interpersonal inventory) as well. The results show significant correlations between stress and interpersonal locations based on Hostility and no correlation with Friendly locations on the interpersonal circle. On the theoretical level, these results support the face validity of the CLOIT-II. On the practical level, they suggest strategies for health prevention by institutional authorities.

Las relaciones interpersonales son interacciones entre el self y las personas que forman parte del círculo social del individuo. Ciertos tipos de relaciones interpersonales son fuentes de estrés. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar cómo las interacciones interpersonales se relacionan con el estrés e investigar la validez del CLOIT-II. Asistieron a los cursos 327 estudiantes de formación de Oficiales de la Policía Militar de un estado brasileño, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 49 años (M = 32, SD = 8). Los sujetos respondieron al Inventario de síntomas de estrés de Lipp (ISSL) y al CLOIT II. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el estrés y las posiciones interpersonales hostiles y la falta de correlación con posiciones interpersonales amigables. Desde el punto de vista teórico, estos resultados proporcionan validez al CLOIT-II. Desde un punto de vista práctico, los resultados sugieren medidas para la atención institucional profiláctica.

Interações interpessoais e estresse entre policiais militares: um estudo correlacionai / Interpersonal transactions and stress among military policeofficers: a correlational study / Interacciones interpersonales y estrés entre los policiales: un estudio de correlación

Relações interpessoais são interações entre o self e as pessoas que fazem parte do círculo social ao qual o indivíduo pertence. Determinados tipos de interação interpessoal são fontes de estresse. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar como as interações interpessoais se relacionam com o estresse e investigar uma evidência de validade para o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II). Participaram 327 alunos dos cursos de Formação de Oficiais da Polícia Militar de um Estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M = 32 e DP=8). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e ao CLOIT-II. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas significativas entre estresse e posições interpessoais baseadas em hostilidade e ausência de correlação com posições interpessoais amigáveis. Do ponto de vista teórico, esses resultados evidenciam validade para o CLOIT-II. Do ponto de vista prático, eles sugerem medidas para atenção institucional profilática(AU)

Interpersonal relations are interactions between the self and people who are part of the individual's social circle. Certain types of interpersonal transactions are sources of stress. The goal of this study is to verify how interpersonal patterns are related to stress among military police personnel, and to verify evidence for the meaningfulness of the CLOIT-II. 327 students, who aged from 18 to 49 years old (M = 32 and DP=8), joined the officer's training at a Brazilian state military police force. They answered the ISSL (a stress questionnaire) and the CLOIT-II (an interpersonal inventory) as well. The results show significant correlations between stress and interpersonal locations based on Hostility and no correlation with Friendly locations on the interpersonal circle. On the theoretical level, these results support the face validity of the CLOIT-II. On the practical level, they suggest strategies for health prevention by institutional authorities(AU)

Las relaciones interpersonales son interacciones entre el self y las personas que forman parte del círculo social del individuo. Ciertos tipos de relaciones interpersonales son fuentes de estrés. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar cómo las interacciones interpersonales se relacionan con el estrés e investigar la validez del CLOIT-II. Asistieron a los cursos 327 estudiantes de formación de Oficiales de la Policía Militar de un estado brasileño, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 49 años (M = 32, SD = 8). Los sujetos respondieron al Inventario de síntomas de estrés de Lipp (ISSL) y al CLOIT II. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el estrés y las posiciones interpersonales hostiles y la falta de correlación con posiciones interpersonales amigables. Desde el punto de vista teórico, estos resultados proporcionan validez al CLOIT-II. Desde un punto de vista práctico, los resultados sugieren medidas para la atención institucional profiláctica(AU)

Daily activities are sufficient to induce dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure dynamic lung hyperinflation and its influence on dyspnea perception in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after performing activities of daily living. METHODS: We measured inspiratory capacity, sensation of dyspnea, peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate in 19 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. These measurements were taken at rest and after performing activities of daily living (e.g., going up and down a set of stairs, going up and down a ramp and sweeping and mopping a room). RESULT: The inspiratory capacity of patients at rest was significantly decreased compared to the capacity of patients after performing activities. The change in inspiratory capacity was -0.67 L after going up and down a ramp, -0.46 L after sweeping and mopping a room, and -0.55 L after climbing up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception increased significantly between rest, sweeping and mopping, and going up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception correlated positively with inspiratory capacity variation (r = 0.85) and respiratory rate (r = 0.37) and negatively with peripheral oxygen saturation (r = -0.28). CONCLUSION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients exhibited reductions in inspiratory capacity and increases in dyspnea perception during commonly performed activities of daily living, which may limit physical performance in these patients.

Saúde mental do policial militar: relações interpessoais e estresse no exercício profissional / Mental health of the military policeman: interpersonal transactions and stress into practice professional

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar características da saúde mental do policial militar, para tanto foi investigada a percepção do policial sobre variáveis de estresse e características de relacionamento interpessoal em grupos divididos pelo tempo de exercício profissional. Participaram 325 alunos dos cursos de formação de oficiais da Policia Militar de um estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M= 31,9 e DP= 8,3), sendo 90,8% dos sujeitos do sexo masculino (297). O tempo de serviço como policial variou entre 2 meses e 23,75 anos (M=10,56 e DP=8,54). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp (ISSL) e ao Checklist de Relações Interpessoais – Revisado (CLOIT-R). Os resultados apontaram sintomas de estresse em 55,9% da amostra. Apontaram também o efeito positivo do tempo de carreira na saúde dos policiais, primeiro pela redução dos sintomas de estresse e de características interpessoais negativas ao longo da carreira e, segundo pelo aumento correspondente entre as características interpessoais positivas e tempo de carreira. Concluiu-se que novos estudos são necessários para ampliar as informações sobre o tema e foi recomendado que as atenções institucionais e as eventuais medidas profiláticas sejam direcionadas para o início da carreira policial.

This paper aims to investigate mental health features of the military policeman, for this purpose the effect of years of professional practice under stress and interpersonal relationship characteristics of the military policeman were analysed. There were 325 students from the training courses of Military Police Officers of a Brazilian state attended, with ages ranging from 18 to 49 years old (M = 31.9, DP = 8.3), 90.8% of the subjects were male (297) . The time of service as a police officer ranged from 2 months to 23.75 years (M = 10.56, DP = 8.54). The subjects answered Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms (ASSI) and the Revised Checklist of Interpersonal Relations (CLOIT-R). The results showed stress symptoms in 55.9% of the sampled subjects. They also pointed out the positive effect of career time of work for the health of police officers, first for the reduction in the stress symptoms and negative interpersonal characteristics throughout their careers, and second for the corresponding increase of the positive interpersonal characteristics and career lenght. It was concluded that further studies are needed to increase the information about the topic and it was recommended that institutional attention and possible preventive measures are directed to the top of the career police officers.(AU)

Daily activities are sufficient to induce dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure dynamic lung hyperinflation and its influence on dyspnea perception in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after performing activities of daily living. METHODS: We measured inspiratory capacity, sensation of dyspnea, peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate in 19 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. These measurements were taken at rest and after performing activities of daily living (e.g., going up and down a set of stairs, going up and down a ramp and sweeping and mopping a room). RESULT: The inspiratory capacity of patients at rest was significantly decreased compared to the capacity of patients after performing activities. The change in inspiratory capacity was -0.67 L after going up and down a ramp, -0.46 L after sweeping and mopping a room, and -0.55 L after climbing up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception increased significantly between rest, sweeping and mopping, and going up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception correlated positively with inspiratory capacity variation (r = 0.85) and respiratory rate (r = 0.37) and negatively with peripheral oxygen saturation (r = -0.28). CONCLUSION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients exhibited reductions in inspiratory capacity and increases in dyspnea perception during commonly performed activities of daily living, which may limit physical performance in these patients.

Análise temporal das internações hospitalares e óbitos causados por doenças do aparelho respiratório em idosos, Minas Gerais / Temporal analysis of hospital admission and deaths by respiratory diseases among elderly people, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

Os distúrbios respiratórios que acometem os idosos são condições que possuem alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade e resultam em impactos sociais, econômicos e pessoais. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivos determinar e comparar o perfil das internações hospitalares e óbitos por distúrbios respiratórios em idosos na macrorregião Leste de Saúde e na região metropolitana do Vale do Aço, numa perspectiva temporal. Métodos: Analisaram-se os dados do Ministério da Saúde referentes às internações e aos óbitos por doenças respiratórias em idosos entre 1998 a 2006. Resultados: O coeficiente de internação por doenças do aparelho respiratório em idosos na Macrorregião Leste de Saúde variou entre 2,7 a 4,3 / 100 idosos, apresentando uma redução ao longo dos anos. No entanto, na região metropolitana do Vale do Aço, a taxa de internação foi maior, apresentando uma variação entre 4,3 a 5,9 / 100 idosos. As duas principais causas de internação e óbitos em ambas as regiões correspondem às doenças obstrutivas crônicas e à pneumonia, que vêm aumentado nos últimos anos. Observou-se um efeito sazonal sobre as internações que apresentaram aumentadas nos meses de maio, junho, julho e agosto. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que estudos devem ser realizados de forma local, identificando as particularidades das variações dos coeficientes de morbidade e mortalidade em idosos, a fim de subsidiar políticas de saúde e determinar ações preventivas adicionais.