Impacto del daño renal agudo en el seguimiento a corto y a largo plazo tras el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica / Impact of acute kidney injury on short- and long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Introducción y objetivos: El daño renal agudo (DRA) ocurre con frecuencia tras el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI) y se asocia con una mayor mortalidad. Sin embargo, el impacto del DRA en la evolución a largo plazo continúa siendo controvertida. Por dicho motivo se evalúa el impacto del DRA el resultado a corto y largo plazo tras el TAVI usando los criterios Valve Academic Research Consortium 2. Métodos: Se incluyeron 794 pacientes consecutivos con estenosis aórtica grave en un registro multicéntrico brasileño. Para la identificación de los predictores de DRA se utilizó el análisis de regresión logística. La supervivencia a 4 años se determinó mediante las curvas de Kaplan-Meier y para determinar el impacto del DRA en la mortalidad entre los supervivientes a 12 meses se usó un análisis de punto de referencia ajustado. Resultados: La incidencia de DRA tras el TAVI fue del 18%. Los predictores independientes de DRA fueron: edad, diabetes mellitus, hemorragia mayor o amenazante para la vida y la malaposición valvular. El DRA se asoció independientemente con un riesgo mayor de muerte total (HR ajustada = 2,8; IC95%, 2,0-3,9; p < 0,001) y cardiovascular (HR ajustada = 2,9; IC95%, 1,9-4,4; p < 0,001) durante el periodo de seguimiento completo. Sin embargo, cuando se consideró solo los supervivientes a 12 meses, no hubo diferencias en ambos objetivos clínicos (HR ajustada = 1,2; IC95%, 0,5-2,4; p = 0,71, y HR = 0,7; IC95%, 0,2-2,1; p = 0,57, respectivamente). Conclusiones: El DRA es una complicación frecuente tras el TAVI. La edad avanzada, la diabetes, la hemorragia mayor o amenazante para la vida y la malaposición valvular eran factores predictivos de DRA. El DRA se asoció con el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo, sin embargo, el impacto del DRA sobre la mortalidad se limitó al primer año tras el TAVI

Introduction and objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is associated with higher mortality. However, the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the impact of AKI on short- and long-term outcomes following TAVI using the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 criteria. Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 794) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of AKI. Four-year outcomes were determined as Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and an adjusted landmark analysis was used to test the impact of AKI on mortality among survivors at 12 months. Results: The incidence of AKI after TAVI was 18%. Independent predictors of AKI were age, diabetes mellitus, major or life-threatening bleeding and valve malpositioning. Acute kidney injury was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR, 2.8; 95%CI, 2.0-3.9; P < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 2.9; 95%CI, 1.9-4.4; P < .001) over the entire follow-up period. However, when considering only survivors at 12 months, there was no difference in both clinical endpoints (adjusted HR, 1.2; 95%CI, 0.5-2.4; P = .71, and HR, 0.7; 95%CI, 0.2-2.1; P = .57, respectively). Conclusions: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after TAVI. Older age, diabetes, major or life-threatening bleeding, and valve malpositioning were independent predictors of AKI. Acute kidney injury is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. However, the major impact of AKI on mortality is limited to the first year after TAVI

The Role of Quantitative Aortographic Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation by Videodensitometry in the Guidance of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

BACKGROUND: Balloon post-dilatation (BPD) is often needed for optimizing transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation, since paravalvular leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with poor outcome and mortality. Quantitative assessment of PVL severity before and after BPD is mandatory to properly assess PVL, thus improving implantation results and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a quantitative angiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) by videodensitometry before and after BPD. METHODS: Videodensitometric-AR assessments (VD-AR) before and after BPD were analysed in 61 cases. RESULTS: VD-AR decreased significantly from 24.0[18.0-30.5]% to 12.0[5.5-19.0]% (p < 0.001, a two-tailed p < 0.05 defined the statistical significance). The relative delta of VD-AR after BPD ranged from -100% (improvement) to +40% (deterioration) and its median value was -46.2%. The frequency of improvement, no change, and deterioration were 70% (n = 43), 25% (n = 15) and 5% (n = 3), respectively. Significant AR (VD-AR > 17%) was observed in 47 patients (77%) before and in 19 patients (31%) after BPD. CONCLUSIONS: VD-AR after THV implantation provides a quantitative assessment of post-TAVI regurgitation and can help in the decision-making process on performing BPD and in determining its efficacy.

Performance of surgical risk scores to predict mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND: Predicting mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a challenge. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of 5 risk scores for cardiac surgery in predicting the 30-day mortality among patients of the Brazilian Registry of TAVI. METHODS: The Brazilian Multicenter Registry prospectively enrolled 418 patients undergoing TAVI in 18 centers between 2008 and 2013. The 30-day mortality risk was calculated using the following surgical scores: the logistic EuroSCORE I (ESI), EuroSCORE II (ESII), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, Ambler score (AS) and Guaragna score (GS). The performance of the risk scores was evaluated in terms of their calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test) and discrimination [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC)]. RESULTS: The mean age was 81.5 ± 7.7 years. The CoreValve (Medtronic) was used in 86.1% of the cohort, and the transfemoral approach was used in 96.2%. The observed 30-day mortality was 9.1%. The 30-day mortality predicted by the scores was as follows: ESI, 20.2 ± 13.8%; ESII, 6.5 ± 13.8%; STS score, 14.7 ± 4.4%; AS, 7.0 ± 3.8%; GS, 17.3 ± 10.8%. Using AUC, none of the tested scores could accurately predict the 30-day mortality. AUC for the scores was as follows: 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.68, p = 0.09] for ESI; 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.64, p = 0.42) for ESII; 0.57 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p = 0.16) for AS; 0.48 (95% IC: 0.38 to 0.57, p = 0.68) for STS score; and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.62, p = 0.64) for GS. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated acceptable calibration for all scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this real world Brazilian registry, the surgical risk scores were inaccurate in predicting mortality after TAVI. Risk models specifically developed for TAVI are required.