[Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica DLR 20186].

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Budvicia aquatica DRL 20186 was isolated, studied, and chemically identified. It was shown to be lowly toxic, but highly pyrogenic. Its fatty acid composition was similar to that of the LPS from other Enterobacteriaceae, with predominance of tetradecanoic (32.7%) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids (23.8%). Hexadecenoic (20.4%), hexadecanoic (11.8%), and dodecanoic acids (8.4%) were also revealed. Double immunodiffusion in agar by the Ouchterlony method revealed antigenic activity of the B. aquatica DLR 20186 LPS in a homologous system. In cross reactions, however, it did not interact with the antisera to other @B. aquatica@ strains.

[Biological activity of Budvicia aquatica lipopolysaccharides].

The fatty acid composition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) lipids A of Budvicia aquatica strains (n = 6)--representatives of Enterobacteriaceae new species are studied for the first time. It was established that fatty acids with the length of carbon chains from C12 to C18 are presented. All of B. aquatica strains tested have been found to contain 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (23.1-43.8%, depending on the strain), which was predominat and characteristic of representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family. LPS of the tested strains displayed toxicity and pyrogeneity.

[Characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Ralstonia solanacearum]. / Kharakteristika lipopolisakharidov Ralstonia solanacearum.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from four strains of Ralstonia solanacearum belonging to biovar I (ICMP 6524, 8115, 5712, and 8169) were isolated and investigated. The structural components of the LPS molecule, such as lipid A, the core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS), were obtained after mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS preparations. In lipid A from all the LPS samples studied, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic, tetradecanoic, and hexadecanoic fatty acids prevailed. The dominant monosaccharides of the core oligosaccharides of all of the strains studied were rhamnose, glucose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, and heptose. However, individual strains varied in the content of galactose, ribose, xylose, and arabinose. Three types of the O-PS structure were established, which differed in their configuration (alpha or beta), as well as in the type of the bond between glucosamine and rhamnose residues (1-->2 or 1-->3).

[Isolation and characterization of Cytophaga lytica lipopolysaccharide]. / Vydelenie i kharakteristika lipopolisakharida Cytophaga lytica.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its structural components: lipid A, O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) and oligosaccharide core (OG-core) have been isolated from Cytophaga lytica. 3-Oxytetradecanoic (40.8%) and dodecanoic (28.7%) are the predominant fatty acids of lipid A; pentadecanoic (6.8%), 3-oxyhexadecanoic (6.5%) as well as hexadecanoic (5.4%) acids have been found as well. The content of the rest of fatty acids is inconsiderable (2.3 to 0.5%). OG-core contained monosaccharides both typical of the most Gram-negative bacteria (glucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, glucosamine) and rarely occurring one-arabinose. O-PS is represented by glucose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, galactosamine as well as unidentified hexosamine.

[The toxicity and interferon-inducing activity of the lipopolysaccharides of Cytophaga sp. (strains 81 and 92)]. / Toksichnost' i interferonogennaia aktivnost' lipopolisakharidov Cytophaga sp. (shtammy 81 i 92).

The experiments on mice and cell culture of a kidney of green monkey Vero have shown that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the studied strains 81 and 92 of Cytophaga sp. were nontoxic. They were less active as compared to LPS of other Gram-negative bacteria as to interferon-inducing activity. A comparative study of initial and dephosphorylated LPS has shown that phosphate groups were not responsible for the interferon-inducing activity of LPS of Cytophaga genus representatives.

[The biological activity of a lipopolysaccharide from Ralstonia solanacearum ICMP 7859 and of its modified derivative]. / Biologicheskaia aktivnost' lipopolisakharida Ralstonia solanacearum ICMP 7859 i ego modifitsirovannogo proizvodnogo.

Coordinational compound of the Ralstonia solanacearum ICMP 7859 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with germanium was obtained. The derivative has lost to considerable extent its toxicity (as compared to the initial substance) but preserves immunomodulating activity, interferon-inducing one in particular. Lipid A modification has led to complete loss of interferon-inducing activity. Apparently, phosphate at C4' GlcN II can be responsible for interferon-inducing activity of lipid A, while carboxylic groups of core oligosaccharide or 0-specific polysaccharide, are responsible for that in native molecule of LPS.

[The chemical composition and biological activity of the glyco polymers in Ralstonia solanacearum (Yabuchi et al., 1995)]. / Khimicheskii sostav i biologicheskaia aktivnost' glikopolimerov Ralstonia solanacearum (Yabuchi et al., 1995).

Lipopolysaccharide and extracellular glyco polymers were isolated from cells of phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. It was established that the O-specific polysaccharides are characterized by a linear structure, composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units containing three L-rhamnose residues and one of N-acetylglucosamine residue. Core oligosaccharide along with typical monosaccharides such as rhamnose, glucose, heptose, KDO and glucosamine included fucose, galactose and arabinose. Serological activity of lipopolysaccharide is due to both O-specific polysaccharide and lipid A component. Extracellular glyco polymers contained both neutral (GP 1) and charged (GP 2 and GP 3) components. Rhamnose and glucose (GP 1, GP 2) or galactose (GP 3) were predominant monosaccharides, GP 2 displayed a high phytotoxic action in respect to tomato plants.

[The lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas solanacearum i Pseudomonas cichorii]. / Lipopolisakharidy Pseudomonas solanacearum i Pseudomonas cichorii.

Structure analysis by the methods of methylation, 1H- and 13C-n. m. r. spectroscopy has shown that O-specific polysaccharides of typical strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum (biovar I) and P. cichorii are identical by their structure and constructed of branched pentasaccharide repeating links which include three residues of rhamnose (one of them is in the branching node), one residue of beta-xylose (it occupies terminal position) and one reside of N-acetyl-beta-glucosamine. The other strain of P. solanacearum of biovar I and two strains belonging to biovars III and IV also produce structure-similar O-specific polysaccharides, constructed of linear tetrasaccharide repeating links which include three residues of alpha-L-rhamnose and one residue of N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.

[Glycopolymers of Clavibacter michiganense and Pseudomonas solanacearum--interferon inducers]. / Glikopolimery Clavibacter michiganense i Pseudomonas solanacearum--induktory interferona.

A polysaccharide, being an active inductor of gamma-interferon, has been found among glycopolymers of Clavibacter michiganense. Lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas solanacearum is shown to display an interferonogenic activity which is analogous to that of the classical interferon inductor, lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O55: B5. Besides lipid A, core oligosaccharide also contributes much to the interferonogenic activity of P. solanacearum lipopolysaccharide.