Recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability: the quantification of glenoid bone loss using magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the severity of glenoid bone loss in patients with anterior shoulder dislocation by comparing the results with arthroscopic measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and written consent from all patients were obtained. Thirty-six consecutive patients (29 men, seven women; mean age, 34.5 [range, 18-55] years) with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation (≥3 dislocations; mean, 37.9; range, 3-200) and suspected glenoid bone loss underwent shoulder MRI before arthroscopy (mean interval, 28.5 [range, 9-73] days). Assessments of glenoid bone loss by MRI (using the best-fit circle area method) and arthroscopy were compared. Inter- and intrareader reproducibility of MRI-derived measurements was evaluated using arthroscopy as a comparative standard. RESULTS: Glenoid bone loss was evident on MRI and during arthroscopy in all patients. Inter- and intrareader correlations of MRI-derived measurements were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80-0.82; r = 0.81-0.86). The first and second observers' measurements showed strong (r = 0.76) and moderate (r = 0.69) interreader correlation, respectively, with arthroscopic measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional MRI can be used to measure glenoid bone loss, particularly when employed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist.

Caso fatal de coqueluche em um lactente / A fatal case of pertussis in an infant

A coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa aguda e transmissível, causada pela Bordetella pertussis. Os autores relatam um caso fatal de coqueluche em um lactente.

Pertussis is an acute infectious disease and transmissible caused by Bordetella pertussis. The authors report a fatal case of pertussis in an infant.

Forma de apresentação atípica de tuberculose pulmonar / Atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa milenar causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os autores relatam uma forma de apresentação atípica da tuberculose pulmonar.

Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The authors report an atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Potential use of glycogen level as biomarker of chemical stress in Biomphalaria glabrata.

Biomphalaria glabrata, a freshwater gastropod mollusc, was tested as biondicator organism to assess cadmium, lead and arsenic exposure using acute laboratory bioassays. Modifications of glycogen levels were measured in different anatomical regions of B. glabrata in order to test the usefulness of this parameter as a general biomarker of chemical stress. The snails were exposed 96 h to different concentrations of the following contaminants: 0.1 and 0.05 mg Cd/L; 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05 mg Pb/L; 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05 mg As/L. Significant decreases in the polysaccharide content were observed in gonadal region for all treated animals. Arsenic and lead at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L level of exposure were also able to decrease the levels of glycogen in the pulmonary and digestive gland region. Glycogen content in the cephalopedal region of treated animals presented a significant decrease (p<0.05) when compared with control organisms only for arsenic at the highest level of exposure. To establish possible correlations between glycogen and contaminants accumulated by snails, analyses of the elements bioaccumulated in the different anatomical regions of B. glabrata were also performed. Cadmium and lead followed a similar pattern of bioaccumulation with highest values in the digestive gland region. Arsenic bioaccumulation, however, was highest in the gonadal region.