[Hemodynamics, lymphatic circulation and ultrastructure of the lungs during hemodilution with blood substitutes]. / Hemodynamické pomery, lymfatická cirkulácia a ultrastruktúra pl'úc pocas substitucnej hemodilúcie.

The effect of substitution hemodilution on transcapillary fluid exchange in the lung was studied in experiments on 30 dogs. After administration of Ringer's solution and of oncotic solutions (3.4% and 10% Rheodextran), the lymph flow through the right lymphatic trunk was measured and the protein content in the lymph was determined. The obtained results were compared with electron micrographs of the lung. Ringer's solution was found to escape rapidly from the vascular bed. A 3.9-fold increase in lymph flow was recorded and edematous changes were observed in the interstitial space. Administration of 10% Rheodextran induced an 8.3-fold increase of lymph flow and enhanced also the protein transport in the lymph. The permeability of pulmonary endothelial vascular walls was deranged. Isooncotic 3.4% Rheodextran provided adequate transcapillary exchange of fluids in the lungs and proved to be the suitable solution for substitution of blood losses. In the ultrastructure of the lungs no pathological changes were observed. (Fig. 8, Ref. 33).

[The physiologic significance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and changes in its erythrocyte levels in an experiment]. / Fyziologický význam 2,3-difosfoglycerátu a zmeny jeho obsahu v erytrocytoch pocas experimentu.

The regulatory effect of 2,3-DPG on oxygen transport and binding to hemoglobin was analyzed. Under conditions of substitution hemodilution by isooncotic 3.4% Rheodextran (Spofa), changes in the content of 2,3-DPG in arterial and venous blood were enzymatically determined over several days. Reference values of 2,3-DPG were obtained in the studied series of dogs (2.05 +/- 0.74 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 in whole blood 4.69 +/- 1.52 x 10(-6) mol.g-1 of erythrocyte volume, and 13.39 +/- 2.82 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 of hemoglobin). In anesthetized animals the content of 2,3-DPG in arterial blood was significantly higher (6.28 +/- 0.84 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 of erythrocyte volume) than in venous blood (6.01 +/- 0.80 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 of erythrocyte volume). At substitution hemodilution the 2,3-DPG content in erythrocytes of venous blood decreased from 5.46 +/- 0.67 to 4.97 +/- 1.31 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 of erythrocyte volume. The subsequent increase to 6.04 +/- 0.71 x 10(-6) mol.ml-1 of erythrocyte volume was achieved by nonlinear increase over the following days, at persisting low hemoglobin content in blood.