Zoonotic Parasites in Artiodactyls with Emphasis on the Feral Boar in the Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the species of artiodactyl host related to the fecal matter collected in a forest area in Rio de Janeiro state and carry out a parasitological investigation. METHODS: Artiodactyl feces were collected between 2020 and 2021. The fecal samples were examined to identify the host through macroscopic and molecular analysis. The remaining samples were subjected to a fecal parasite analysis using microscopic techniques, and feces containing cysts of the phylum Ciliophora underwent a molecular analysis. RESULTS: Of the 101 samples collected, 71.3% were found in Pavão Valley, the most anthropized area of the park. In the molecular analysis, 79 samples were identified as belonging to Sus scrofa and 2 as Mazama gouazoubira. The most frequently detected forms were cysts of the phylum Ciliophora (39.6%), followed by eggs of Ascaris spp. (11.8%) and Metastrongylus spp. (5.9%). Nucleotide sequences of Balantioides coli were characterized in 26 samples, and in 13 samples variants of type B0 and in 11 type A0 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that this is the first study in the Americas that has identified B. coli in free-living S. scrofa feces, citing this bioinvader as one of the reservoirs of this parasite.

New Law of Brazilian Biodiversity: Legal Aspects and Impact in the Field of Biotechnology.

Access to genetic resources (GR) and/or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources (ATK) has been regulated in Brazil since 2001. The law 13,123 / 2015 determined a significant change in the theme, mainly on the rules of distribution of benefits obtained for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, the access to technology and technology transfer, the exploitation of products or reproductive material from the GR or ATK and consignment to the outside of part or all the living or dead organism shipped for GR. The implementation of international treaties on GR and ATK for research, biotechnological development and bioprospecting have been causing difficulties for Brazilian researchers, mainly due to the lack of information and dissemination available for compliance with the legislation. In this work, the members of the Committee for Access to Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge of the Federal Fluminense University (UFFGEN) - Brazil, and collaborators performed a critical reflection on the new law, helping Brazilian researchers with information necessary to understand the changes made by the new legislation, especially in the field of Biotechnology associated with Brazilian Biodiversity.

The first identification of Nymphicilichus perezae Mironov and Galloway, 2002 in cockatiels in Brazil and the first record of Psittophagus sp. Gaud and Atyeo, 1996 and cf. Dubininia sp. Vassilev, 1958 in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus Kerr, 1792).

Mite infestations were observed in 22 of 36 (61%) of Nymphicus hollandicus Kerr, 1792 examined at the Wild Animal Sector of the Veterinary Medicine College - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Brazil. We examined 177 feather samples from 36 birds for ectosymbiotic arthropods. Nymphicilichus perezae Mironov and Galloway, 2002, was the predominant mite detected, followed by cf. Dubininia sp. Vassilev, 1958 (21.6%). Genus Psittophagus Gaud and Atyeo, 1996 were present in 13.5% of samples. Concurrent infestations of N. perezae and cf. Dubininia sp. occurred in 22.7% of the cockatiels, of N. perezae and Psittophagus sp. in 9.1%, and of N. perezae, cf. Dubininia sp. and Psittophagus sp. in 4.6%. Results were analyzed through a descriptive analysis and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess the distribution of mites among different regions of birds' bodies. This test showed that remiges primaries (right and left) were the feathers most infested. A few birds (9.1%) had feathers missing in some body regions. Feather-picking behavior was not observed during the clinical examination of the infested cockatiels, and no alterations in feather color were detected in the infestation foci. Due to their specificity to particular places on their hosts' different mite species, appear to live on the same bird without any apparent competition. This work is the first identification of N. perezae in the cockatiel N. hollandicus in Brazil. These are the first records of Psittophagus sp. and cf. Dubininia sp. in cockatiels.

A experiência do município de Paraty (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) na prevenção e controle da leishmaniose tegumentar americana / The Paraty county (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) experience in American tegumentary leishmaniosis prevention and control

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é uma importante zoonose no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e representa um grande problema de saúde pública. O município de Paraty vem apresentando altas taxas desta doença, sendo registrados 76 casos no ano de 2002. Na tentativa de reduzir o número de casos no município, a Secretaria de Saúde de Paraty iniciou, em junho de 2002, um programa de controle da LTA, de acordo com a metodologia proposta pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA) no Manual de controle da LTA de 2000, adaptado às peculiaridades locais. O conjunto de medidas adotadas baseou-se na captura de flebotomíneos em áreas de Mata Atlântica e identificação das espécies vetoras, ações de controle químico do vetor através da aplicação periódica de inseticidas intra e peridomiciliares, inquérito sorológico dos cães suspeitos e eutanásia dos positivos, controle de roedores, busca ativa de possíveis novos casos e atividades de educação e saúde com a população residente. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência do município de Paraty, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, na implantação do programa de controle da LTA e sua eficácia, considerando-se que, após a adoção de tais medidas, foram registrados 52 novos casos no ano de 2003. Este resultado indica uma queda de 31,6 por ciento, comparando-se com os dados obtidos em 2002.

Fasciola hépatica (linnaeus 1758) em bovinos do municipio de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Fasciola hépatica (linnaeus 1758) in cattle of Cachoeiras de Macacu, county of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Sao estudados os hospedeiros intermediários e definitivos de Fasciola hépatica em uma propiedade localizada no Municipio de Cachoeiras de Macacú, RJ, através de dissecaçoes de moluscos, exames parasitológicos de fezes e necropsias de bovinos acometidos. A percentagem de infecçao de lymnaea columella foi de 0,49 por ciento, enquanto que 58,9 por ciento dos bovinos apresentaram ovos de F. hepatica nas fezes. Dos 11 bovinos necropsiados, todos albergavam formas adultas e jovens do parasita assim como foram observadas lesoes hepáticas. este é o primeiro registro de F. hepatica em bovinos nascidos e criados neste Municipio, localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil