RESUMO
Complacency, or sub-optimal monitoring of automation performance, has been cited as a contributing factor in numerous major transportation and medical incidents. Researchers are working to identify individual differences that correlate with complacency as one strategy for preventing complacency-related accidents. Automation-induced complacency potential is an individual difference reflecting a general tendency to be complacent across a wide variety of situations which is similar to, but distinct from trust. Accurately assessing complacency potential may improve our ability to predict and prevent complacency in safety-critical occupations. Much past research has employed an existing measure of complacency potential. However, in the 25 years since that scale was published, our conceptual understanding of complacency itself has evolved, and we propose that an updated scale of complacency potential is needed. The goal of the present study was to develop, and provide initial validation evidence for, a new measure of automation-induced complacency potential that parallels the current conceptualization of complacency. In a sample of 475 online respondents, we tested 10 new items and found that they clustered into two separate scales: Alleviating Workload (which focuses on attitudes about the use of automation to ease workloads) and Monitoring (which focuses on attitudes toward monitoring of automation). Alleviating workload correlated moderately with the existing complacency potential rating scale, while monitoring did not. Further, both the alleviating workload and monitoring scales showed discriminant validity from the previous complacency potential scale and from similar constructs, such as propensity to trust. In an initial examination of criterion-related validity, only the monitoring-focused scale had a significant relationship with hypothetical complacency (r = -0.42, p < 0.01), and it had significant incremental validity over and above all other individual difference measures in the study. These results suggest that our new monitoring-related items have potential for use as a measure of automation-induced complacency potential and, compared with similar scales, this new measure may have unique value.
Assuntos
Cardiologia/normas , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Taquicardia Ventricular/terapia , Fibrilação Ventricular/terapia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/terapia , American Heart Association , Consenso , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Ventricular/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Fibrilação Ventricular/complicações , Fibrilação Ventricular/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Ventricular/mortalidade , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/complicações , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/mortalidadeAssuntos
Cardiologia/normas , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Taquicardia Ventricular/terapia , Fibrilação Ventricular/terapia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/terapia , American Heart Association , Consenso , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Ventricular/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Fibrilação Ventricular/complicações , Fibrilação Ventricular/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Ventricular/mortalidade , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/complicações , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/mortalidadeAssuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , American Heart Association , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Autopsia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Ablação por Cateter , Comorbidade , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Desfibriladores , Eletrocardiografia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Anamnese , Exame Físico , Gravidez , Prevenção Primária , Qualidade de Vida , Prevenção Secundária , Assistência Terminal , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , American Heart Association , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Atletas , Autopsia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Ablação por Cateter , Comorbidade , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Desfibriladores , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Prevenção Primária , Qualidade de Vida , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Prevenção Secundária , Fatores Sexuais , Assistência Terminal , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Comitês Consultivos , American Heart Association , Cardiologia/normas , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Sociedades Médicas , Taquicardia Ventricular/terapia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Humanos , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Estados UnidosAssuntos
American Heart Association , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/normas , Cardiologia/normas , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Sociedades Médicas , Taquicardia Ventricular/terapia , Comitês Consultivos , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Recently researchers have debated the relevance of stereotype threat to the workplace. Critics have argued that stereotype threat is not relevant in high stakes testing such as in personnel selection. We and others argue that stereotype threat is highly relevant in personnel selection, but our review focused on underexplored areas including effects of stereotype threat beyond test performance and the application of brief, low-cost interventions in the workplace. Relevant to the workplace, stereotype threat can reduce domain identification, job engagement, career aspirations, and receptivity to feedback. Stereotype threat has consequences in other relevant domains including leadership, entrepreneurship, negotiations, and competitiveness. Several institutional and individual level intervention strategies that have been field-tested and are easy to implement show promise for practitioners including: addressing environmental cues, valuing diversity, wise feedback, organizational mindsets, reattribution training, reframing the task, values-affirmation, utility-value, belonging, communal goal affordances, interdependent worldviews, and teaching about stereotype threat. This review integrates criticisms and evidence into one accessible source for practitioners and provides recommendations for implementing effective, low-cost interventions in the workplace.